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📄 Intercept.pm package IO::Socket::SSL::Intercept; use strict; use warnings; use Carp 'croak'; use IO::Socket::SSL::Utils; use Net::SSLeay; our $VERSION = '2.056'; sub new { my ($class,%args) = @_; my $cacert = delete $args{proxy_cert}; if ( ! $cacert ) { if ( my $f = delete $args{proxy_cert_file} ) { $cacert = PEM_file2cert($f); } else { croak "no proxy_cert or proxy_cert_file given"; } } my $cakey = delete $args{proxy_key}; if ( ! $cakey ) { if ( my $f = delete $args{proxy_key_file} ) { $cakey = PEM_file2key($f); } else { croak "no proxy_cert or proxy_cert_file given"; } } my $certkey = delete $args{cert_key}; if ( ! $certkey ) { if ( my $f = delete $args{cert_key_file} ) { $certkey = PEM_file2key($f); } } my $cache = delete $args{cache} \|\| {}; if (ref($cache) eq 'CODE') { # check cache type my $type = $cache->('type'); if (!$type) { # old cache interface - change into new interface # get: $cache->(fp) # set: $cache->(fp,cert,key) my $oc = $cache; $cache = sub { my ($fp,$create_cb) = @_; my @ck = $oc->($fp); $oc->($fp, @ck = &$create_cb) if !@ck; return @ck; }; } elsif ($type == 1) { # current interface: # get/set: $cache->(fp,cb_create) } else { die "invalid type of cache: $type"; } } my $self = bless { cacert => $cacert, cakey => $cakey, certkey => $certkey, cache => $cache, serial => delete $args{serial}, }; return $self; } sub DESTROY { # call various ssl _free routines my $self = shift or return; for ( \$self->{cacert}, map { \$_->{cert} } ref($self->{cache}) ne 'CODE' ? values %{$self->{cache}} :()) { $$_ or next; CERT_free($$_); $$_ = undef; } for ( \$self->{cakey}, \$self->{pubkey} ) { $$_ or next; KEY_free($$_); $$_ = undef; } } sub clone_cert { my ($self,$old_cert,$clone_key) = @_; my $hash = CERT_asHash($old_cert); my $create_cb = sub { # if not in cache create new certificate based on original # copy most but not all extensions if (my $ext = $hash->{ext}) { @$ext = grep { defined($_->{sn}) && $_->{sn} !~m{^(?: authorityInfoAccess \| subjectKeyIdentifier \| authorityKeyIdentifier \| certificatePolicies \| crlDistributionPoints )$}x } @$ext; } my ($clone,$key) = CERT_create( %$hash, issuer_cert => $self->{cacert}, issuer_key => $self->{cakey}, key => $self->{certkey}, serial => ! defined($self->{serial}) ? (unpack('L',$hash->{x509_digest_sha256}))[0] : ref($self->{serial}) eq 'CODE' ? $self->{serial}($old_cert,$hash) : ++$self->{serial}, ); return ($clone,$key); }; $clone_key \|\|= substr(unpack("H", $hash->{x509_digest_sha256}),0,32); my $c = $self->{cache}; return $c->($clone_key,$create_cb) if ref($c) eq 'CODE'; my $e = $c->{$clone_key} \|\|= do { my ($cert,$key) = &$create_cb; { cert => $cert, key => $key }; }; $e->{atime} = time(); return ($e->{cert},$e->{key}); } sub STORABLE_freeze { my $self = shift; $self->serialize() } sub STORABLE_thaw { my ($class,undef,$data) = @_; $class->unserialize($data) } sub serialize { my $self = shift; my $data = pack("N",2); # version $data .= pack("N/a", PEM_cert2string($self->{cacert})); $data .= pack("N/a", PEM_key2string($self->{cakey})); if ( $self->{certkey} ) { $data .= pack("N/a", PEM_key2string($self->{certkey})); } else { $data .= pack("N/a", ''); } $data .= pack("N",$self->{serial}); if ( ref($self->{cache}) eq 'HASH' ) { while ( my($k,$v) = each %{ $self->{cache}} ) { $data .= pack("N/aN/aN/aN", $k, PEM_cert2string($k->{cert}), $k->{key} ? PEM_key2string($k->{key}) : '', $k->{atime}); } } return $data; } sub unserialize { my ($class,$data) = @_; unpack("N",substr($data,0,4,'')) == 2 or croak("serialized with wrong version"); ( my $cacert,my $cakey,my $certkey,my $serial,$data) = unpack("N/aN/aN/aNa",$data); my $self = bless { serial => $serial, cacert => PEM_string2cert($cacert), cakey => PEM_string2key($cakey), $certkey ? ( certkey => PEM_string2key($certkey)):(), }, ref($class)\|\|$class; $self->{cache} = {} if $data ne ''; while ( $data ne '' ) { (my $key,my $cert,my $certkey, my $atime,$data) = unpack("N/aN/aNa",$data); $self->{cache}{$key} = { cert => PEM_string2cert($cert), $key ? ( key => PEM_string2key($certkey)):(), atime => $atime }; } return $self; } 1; __END__ =head1 NAME IO::Socket::SSL::Intercept -- SSL interception (man in the middle) =head1 SYNOPSIS use IO::Socket::SSL::Intercept; # create interceptor with proxy certificates my $mitm = IO::Socket::SSL::Intercept->new( proxy_cert_file => 'proxy_cert.pem', proxy_key_file => 'proxy_key.pem', ... ); my $listen = IO::Socket::INET->new( LocalAddr => .., Listen => .. ); while (1) { # TCP accept new client my $client = $listen->accept or next; # SSL connect to server my $server = IO::Socket::SSL->new( PeerAddr => .., SSL_verify_mode => ..., ... ) or die "ssl connect failed: $!,$SSL_ERROR"; # clone server certificate my ($cert,$key) = $mitm->clone_cert( $server->peer_certificate ); # and upgrade client side to SSL with cloned certificate IO::Socket::SSL->start_SSL($client, SSL_server => 1, SSL_cert => $cert, SSL_key => $key ) or die "upgrade failed: $SSL_ERROR"; # now transfer data between $client and $server and analyze # the unencrypted data ... } =head1 DESCRIPTION This module provides functionality to clone certificates and sign them with a proxy certificate, thus making it easy to intercept SSL connections (man in the middle). It also manages a cache of the generated certificates. =head1 How Intercepting SSL Works Intercepting SSL connections is useful for analyzing encrypted traffic for security reasons or for testing. It does not break the end-to-end security of SSL, e.g. a properly written client will notice the interception unless you explicitly configure the client to trust your interceptor. Intercepting SSL works the following way: =over 4 =item Create a new CA certificate, which will be used to sign the cloned certificates. This proxy CA certificate should be trusted by the client, or (a properly written client) will throw error messages or deny the connections because it detected a man in the middle attack. Due to the way the interception works there no support for client side certificates is possible. Using openssl such a proxy CA certificate and private key can be created with: openssl genrsa -out proxy_key.pem 1024 openssl req -new -x509 -extensions v3_ca -key proxy_key.pem -out proxy_cert.pem # export as PKCS12 for import into browser openssl pkcs12 -export -in proxy_cert.pem -inkey proxy_key.pem -out proxy_cert.p12 =item * Configure client to connect to use intercepting proxy or somehow redirect connections from client to the proxy (e.g. packet filter redirects, ARP or DNS spoofing etc). =item * Accept the TCP connection from the client, e.g. don't do any SSL handshakes with the client yet. =item * Establish the SSL connection to the server and verify the servers certificate as usually. Then create a new certificate based on the original servers certificate, but signed by your proxy CA. This is the step where IO::Socket::SSL::Intercept helps. =item * Upgrade the TCP connection to the client to SSL using the cloned certificate from the server. If the client trusts your proxy CA it will accept the upgrade to SSL. =item * Transfer data between client and server. While the connections to client and server are both encrypted with SSL you will read/write the unencrypted data in your proxy application. =back =head1 METHODS IO::Socket::SSL::Intercept helps creating the cloned certificate with the following methods: =over 4 =item B<< $mitm = IO::Socket::SSL::Intercept->new(%args) >> This creates a new interceptor object. C<%args> should be =over 8 =item proxy_cert X509 \| proxy_cert_file filename This is the proxy certificate. It can be either given by an X509 object from L<Net::SSLeay>s internal representation, or using a file in PEM format. =item proxy_key EVP_PKEY \| proxy_key_file filename This is the key for the proxy certificate. It can be either given by an EVP_PKEY object from L<Net::SSLeay>s internal representation, or using a file in PEM format. The key should not have a passphrase. =item pubkey EVP_PKEY \| pubkey_file filename This optional argument specifies the public key used for the cloned certificate. It can be either given by an EVP_PKEY object from L<Net::SSLeay>s internal representation, or using a file in PEM format. If not given it will create a new public key on each call of C<new>. =item serial INTEGER\|CODE This optional argument gives the starting point for the serial numbers of the newly created certificates. If not set the serial number will be created based on the digest of the original certificate. If the value is code it will be called with C<< serial(original_cert,CERT_asHash(original_cert)) >> and should return the new serial number. =item cache HASH \| SUBROUTINE This optional argument gives a way to cache created certificates, so that they don't get recreated on future accesses to the same host. If the argument ist not given an internal HASH ist used. If the argument is a hash it will store for each generated certificate a hash reference with C<cert> and C<atime> in the hash, where C<atime> is the time of last access (to expire unused entries) and C<cert> is the certificate. Please note, that the certificate is in L<Net::SSLeay>s internal X509 format and can thus not be simply dumped and restored. The key for the hash is an C<ident> either given to C<clone_cert> or generated from the original certificate. If the argument is a subroutine it will be called as C<< $cache->(ident,sub) >>. This call should return either an existing (cached) C<< (cert,key) >> or call C<sub> without arguments to create a new C<< (cert,key) >>, store it and return it. If called with C<< $cache->('type') >> the function should just return 1 to signal that it supports the current type of cache. If it reutrns nothing instead the older cache interface is assumed for compatibility reasons. =back =item B<< ($clone_cert,$key) = $mitm->clone_cert($original_cert,[ $ident ]) >> This clones the given certificate. An ident as the key into the cache can be given (like C<host:port>), if not it will be created from the properties of the original certificate. It returns the cloned certificate and its key (which is the same for alle created certificates). =item B<< $string = $mitm->serialize >> This creates a serialized version of the object (e.g. a string) which can then be used to persistantly store created certificates over restarts of the application. The cache will only be serialized if it is a HASH. To work together with L<Storable> the C<STORABLE_freeze> function is defined to call C<serialize>. =item B<< $mitm = IO::Socket::SSL::Intercept->unserialize($string) >> This restores an Intercept object from a serialized string. To work together with L<Storable> the C<STORABLE_thaw> function is defined to call C<unserialize>. =back =head1 AUTHOR Steffen Ullrich	11.11 KB	2020-02-14 14:23
📄 PublicSuffix.pm use strict; use warnings; package IO::Socket::SSL::PublicSuffix; use Carp; # for updates use constant URL => 'http://publicsuffix.org/list/effective_tld_names.dat'; =head1 NAME IO::Socket::SSL::PublicSuffix - provide access to Mozilla's list of effective TLD names =head1 SYNOPSIS # use builtin default use IO::Socket::SSL::PublicSuffix; $ps = IO::Socket::SSL::PublicSuffix->default; # load from string $ps = IO::Socket::SSL::PublicSuffix->from_string(".uk\n"); # load from file or file handle $ps = IO::Socket::SSL::PublicSuffix->from_file($filename); $ps = IO::Socket::SSL::PublicSuffix->from_file(\STDIN); # --- string in -> string out # $rest -> whatever.host # $tld -> co.uk my ($rest,$tld) = $ps->public_suffix('whatever.host.co.uk'); my $tld = $ps->public_suffix('whatever.host.co.uk'); # $root_domain -> host.co.uk my $root_domain = $ps->public_suffix('whatever.host.co.uk', 1); # --- array in -> array out # $rest -> [qw(whatever host)] # $tld -> [qw(co uk)] my ($rest,$tld) = $ps->public_suffix([qw(whatever host co uk)]); ---- # To update this file with the current list: perl -MIO::Socket::SSL::PublicSuffix -e 'IO::Socket::SSL::PublicSuffix::update_self_from_url()' =head1 DESCRIPTION This module uses the list of effective top level domain names from the mozilla project to determine the public top level domain for a given hostname. =head2 Method =over 4 =item class->default(%args) Returns object with builtin default. C<min_suffix> can be given in C<%args> to specify the minimal suffix, default is 1. =item class->from_string(string,%args) Returns object with configuration from string. See method C<default> for C<%args>. =item class->from_file( file name\| file handle, %args ) Returns object with configuration from file or file handle. See method C<default> for C<%args>. =item $self->public_suffix( $host\|\@host, [ $add ] ) In array context the function returns the non-tld part and the tld part of the given hostname, in scalar context only the tld part. It adds C<$add> parts of the non-tld part to the tld, e.g. with C<$add=1> it will return the root domain. If there were no explicit matches against the public suffix configuration it will fall back to a suffix of length 1. The function accepts a string or an array-ref (e.g. host split by C<.>). In the first case it will return string(s), in the latter case array-ref(s). International hostnames or labels can be in ASCII (IDNA form starting with C<xn-->) or unicode. In the latter case an IDNA handling library needs to be available. L<URI> is preferred, but L<Net::IDN:::Encode>, L<Net::LibIDN> are still supported. =item ($self\|class)->can_idn Returns true if IDN support is available. =back =head1 FILES http://publicsuffix.org/list/effective_tld_names.dat =head1 SEE ALSO Domain::PublicSuffix, Mozilla::PublicSuffix =head1 BUGS Q: Why yet another module, we already have L<Domain::PublicSuffix> and L<Mozilla::PublicSuffix>. A: Because the public suffix data change more often than these modules do, IO::Socket::SSL needs this list and it is more easy this way to keep it up-to-date. =head1 AUTHOR Steffen Ullrich =cut BEGIN { if ( eval { require URI::_idna; defined &URI::_idna::encode && defined &URI::_idna::decode }) { idn_to_ascii = \&URI::_idna::encode; idn_to_unicode = \&URI::_idna::decode; can_idn = sub { 1 }; } elsif ( eval { require Net::IDN::Encode } ) { idn_to_ascii = \&Net::IDN::Encode::domain_to_ascii; idn_to_unicode = \&Net::IDN::Encode::domain_to_unicode; can_idn = sub { 1 }; } elsif ( eval { require Net::LibIDN; require Encode } ) { # Net::LibIDN does not use utf-8 flag and expects raw data idn_to_ascii = sub { Net::LibIDN::idn_to_ascii(Encode::encode('utf-8',$_[0]),'utf-8'); }, idn_to_unicode = sub { Encode::decode('utf-8',Net::LibIDN::idn_to_unicode($_[0],'utf-8')); }, can_idn = sub { 1 }; } else { idn_to_ascii = sub { croak "idn_to_ascii(@_) - no IDNA library installed" }; idn_to_unicode = sub { croak "idn_to_unicode(@_) - no IDNA library installed" }; can_idn = sub { 0 }; } } { my %default; sub default { my (undef,%args) = @_; my $min_suffix = delete $args{min_suffix}; $min_suffix = 1 if ! defined $min_suffix; %args and die "unknown args: ".join(" ",sort keys %args); return $default{$min_suffix} \|\|= shift->from_string(_default_data(), min_suffix => $min_suffix); } } sub from_string { my $class = shift; my $data = shift; open( my $fh,'<', \$data ); return $class->from_file($fh,@_); } sub from_file { my ($class,$file,%args) = @_; my $min_suffix = delete $args{min_suffix}; $min_suffix = 1 if ! defined $min_suffix; %args and die "unknown args: ".join(" ",sort keys %args); my $fh; if ( ref($file)) { $fh = $file } elsif ( ! open($fh,'<',$file)) { die "failed to open $file: $!"; } my %tree; local $/ = "\n"; while ( my $line = <$fh>) { $line =~s{//.}{}; $line =~s{\s+$}{}; $line eq '' and next; my $p = \%tree; $line = idn_to_ascii($line) if $line !~m{\A[\x00-\x7f]\Z}; my $not = $line =~s{^!}{}; my @path = split(m{\.},$line); for(reverse @path) { $p = $p->{$_} \|\|= {} } $p->{'\0'} = $not ? -1:1; } return bless { tree => \%tree, min_suffix => $min_suffix },$class; } sub public_suffix { my ($self,$name,$add) = @_; my $want; # [a]rray, [s]tring, [u]nicode-string if ( ref($name)) { $want = 'a'; $name = [ @$name ]; # don't change input } else { return if ! defined $name; if ( $name !~m{\A[\x00-\x7f]\Z} ) { $name = idn_to_ascii($name); $want = 'u'; } else { $want = 's'; } $name = lc($name); $name =~s{\.$}{}; $name = [ $name =~m{([^.]+)}g ]; } @$name or return; $_ = lc($_) for(@$name); my (%wild,%host,%xcept,@stack,$choices); my $p = $self->{tree}; for( my $i=0; $i<@$name; $i++ ) { $choices = []; if ( my $px = $p->{ $name->[$#$name-$i] } ) { # name match, continue with next path element push @$choices,$px; if ( my $end = $px->{'\0'} ) { ( $end>0 ? \%host : \%xcept )->{$i+1} = $end; } } if ( my $px = $p->{''} ) { # wildcard match, continue with next path element push @$choices,$px; if ( my $end = $px->{'\0'} ) { ( $end>0 ? \%wild : \%xcept )->{$i+1} = $end; } } next_choice: if ( @$choices ) { $p = shift(@$choices); push @stack, [ $choices, $i ] if @$choices; next; # go deeper } # backtrack @stack or last; ($choices,$i) = @{ pop(@stack) }; goto next_choice; } #warn Dumper([\%wild,\%host,\%xcept]); use Data::Dumper; # remove all exceptions from wildcards delete @wild{ keys %xcept } if %xcept; # get longest match my ($len) = sort { $b <=> $a } ( keys(%wild), keys(%host), map { $_-1 } keys(%xcept)); # if we have no matches use a minimum of min_suffix $len = $self->{min_suffix} if ! defined $len; $len += $add if $add; my $suffix; if ( $len < @$name ) { $suffix = [ splice( @$name, -$len, $len ) ]; } elsif ( $len > 0 ) { $suffix = $name; $name = [] } else { $suffix = [] } if ( $want ne 'a' ) { $suffix = join('.',@$suffix); $name = join('.',@$name); if ( $want eq 'u' ) { $suffix = idn_to_unicode($suffix); $name = idn_to_unicode($name); } } return wantarray ? ($name,$suffix):$suffix; } { my $data; sub _default_data { if ( ! defined $data ) { $data = _builtin_data(); $data =~s{^// ===END ICANN DOMAINS.}{}ms or die "cannot find END ICANN DOMAINS"; } return $data; } } sub update_self_from_url { my $url = shift \|\| URL(); my $dst = __FILE__; -w $dst or die "cannot write $dst"; open( my $fh,'<',$dst ) or die "open $dst: $!"; my $code = ''; local $/ = "\n"; while (<$fh>) { $code .= $_; m{<<\'END_BUILTIN_DATA\'} and last; } my $tail; while (<$fh>) { m{\AEND_BUILTIN_DATA\r?\n} or next; $tail = $_; last; } $tail .= do { local $/; <$fh> }; close($fh); require LWP::UserAgent; my $resp = LWP::UserAgent->new->get($url) or die "no response from $url"; die "no success url=$url code=".$resp->code." ".$resp->message if ! $resp->is_success; my $content = $resp->decoded_content; while ( $content =~m{(.\n)}g ) { my $line = $1; if ( $line =~m{\S} && $line !~m{\A\s//} ) { $line =~s{//.}{}; $line =~s{\s+$}{}; $line eq '' and next; if ( $line !~m{\A[\x00-\x7f]+\Z} ) { $line = idn_to_ascii($line); } $code .= "$line\n"; } else { $code .= "$line"; } } open( $fh,'>:utf8',$dst ) or die "open $dst: $!"; print $fh $code.$tail; } sub _builtin_data { return <<'END_BUILTIN_DATA' } // This Source Code Form is subject to the terms of the Mozilla Public // License, v. 2.0. If a copy of the MPL was not distributed with this // file, You can obtain one at https://mozilla.org/MPL/2.0/. // Please pull this list from, and only from https://publicsuffix.org/list/public_suffix_list.dat, // rather than any other VCS sites. Pulling from any other URL is not guaranteed to be supported. // Instructions on pulling and using this list can be found at https://publicsuffix.org/list/. // ===BEGIN ICANN DOMAINS=== // ac : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ac ac com.ac edu.ac gov.ac net.ac mil.ac org.ac // ad : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ad ad nom.ad // ae : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ae // see also: "Domain Name Eligibility Policy" at http://www.aeda.ae/eng/aepolicy.php ae co.ae net.ae org.ae sch.ae ac.ae gov.ae mil.ae // aero : see https://www.information.aero/index.php?id=66 aero accident-investigation.aero accident-prevention.aero aerobatic.aero aeroclub.aero aerodrome.aero agents.aero aircraft.aero airline.aero airport.aero air-surveillance.aero airtraffic.aero air-traffic-control.aero ambulance.aero amusement.aero association.aero author.aero ballooning.aero broker.aero caa.aero cargo.aero catering.aero certification.aero championship.aero charter.aero civilaviation.aero club.aero conference.aero consultant.aero consulting.aero control.aero council.aero crew.aero design.aero dgca.aero educator.aero emergency.aero engine.aero engineer.aero entertainment.aero equipment.aero exchange.aero express.aero federation.aero flight.aero fuel.aero gliding.aero government.aero groundhandling.aero group.aero hanggliding.aero homebuilt.aero insurance.aero journal.aero journalist.aero leasing.aero logistics.aero magazine.aero maintenance.aero media.aero microlight.aero modelling.aero navigation.aero parachuting.aero paragliding.aero passenger-association.aero pilot.aero press.aero production.aero recreation.aero repbody.aero res.aero research.aero rotorcraft.aero safety.aero scientist.aero services.aero show.aero skydiving.aero software.aero student.aero trader.aero trading.aero trainer.aero union.aero workinggroup.aero works.aero // af : http://www.nic.af/help.jsp af gov.af com.af org.af net.af edu.af // ag : http://www.nic.ag/prices.htm ag com.ag org.ag net.ag co.ag nom.ag // ai : http://nic.com.ai/ ai off.ai com.ai net.ai org.ai // al : http://www.ert.gov.al/ert_alb/faq_det.html?Id=31 al com.al edu.al gov.al mil.al net.al org.al // am : https://www.amnic.net/policy/en/Policy_EN.pdf am co.am com.am commune.am net.am org.am // ao : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ao // http://www.dns.ao/REGISTR.DOC ao ed.ao gv.ao og.ao co.ao pb.ao it.ao // aq : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.aq aq // ar : https://nic.ar/nic-argentina/normativa-vigente ar com.ar edu.ar gob.ar gov.ar int.ar mil.ar musica.ar net.ar org.ar tur.ar // arpa : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.arpa // Confirmed by registry <iana-questions@icann.org> 2008-06-18 arpa e164.arpa in-addr.arpa ip6.arpa iris.arpa uri.arpa urn.arpa // as : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.as as gov.as // asia : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.asia asia // at : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.at // Confirmed by registry <it@nic.at> 2008-06-17 at ac.at co.at gv.at or.at sth.ac.at // au : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.au // http://www.auda.org.au/ au // 2LDs com.au net.au org.au edu.au gov.au asn.au id.au // Historic 2LDs (closed to new registration, but sites still exist) info.au conf.au oz.au // CGDNs - http://www.cgdn.org.au/ act.au nsw.au nt.au qld.au sa.au tas.au vic.au wa.au // 3LDs act.edu.au catholic.edu.au // eq.edu.au - Removed at the request of the Queensland Department of Education nsw.edu.au nt.edu.au qld.edu.au sa.edu.au tas.edu.au vic.edu.au wa.edu.au // act.gov.au Bug 984824 - Removed at request of Greg Tankard // nsw.gov.au Bug 547985 - Removed at request of <Shae.Donelan@services.nsw.gov.au> // nt.gov.au Bug 940478 - Removed at request of Greg Connors <Greg.Connors@nt.gov.au> qld.gov.au sa.gov.au tas.gov.au vic.gov.au wa.gov.au // 4LDs // education.tas.edu.au - Removed at the request of the Department of Education Tasmania schools.nsw.edu.au // aw : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.aw aw com.aw // ax : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ax ax // az : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.az az com.az net.az int.az gov.az org.az edu.az info.az pp.az mil.az name.az pro.az biz.az // ba : http://nic.ba/users_data/files/pravilnik_o_registraciji.pdf ba com.ba edu.ba gov.ba mil.ba net.ba org.ba // bb : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bb bb biz.bb co.bb com.bb edu.bb gov.bb info.bb net.bb org.bb store.bb tv.bb // bd : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bd .bd // be : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.be // Confirmed by registry <tech@dns.be> 2008-06-08 be ac.be // bf : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bf bf gov.bf // bg : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bg // https://www.register.bg/user/static/rules/en/index.html bg a.bg b.bg c.bg d.bg e.bg f.bg g.bg h.bg i.bg j.bg k.bg l.bg m.bg n.bg o.bg p.bg q.bg r.bg s.bg t.bg u.bg v.bg w.bg x.bg y.bg z.bg 0.bg 1.bg 2.bg 3.bg 4.bg 5.bg 6.bg 7.bg 8.bg 9.bg // bh : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bh bh com.bh edu.bh net.bh org.bh gov.bh // bi : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bi // http://whois.nic.bi/ bi co.bi com.bi edu.bi or.bi org.bi // biz : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.biz biz // bj : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bj bj asso.bj barreau.bj gouv.bj // bm : http://www.bermudanic.bm/dnr-text.txt bm com.bm edu.bm gov.bm net.bm org.bm // bn : http://www.bnnic.bn/faqs bn com.bn edu.bn gov.bn net.bn org.bn // bo : https://nic.bo/delegacion2015.php#h-1.10 bo com.bo edu.bo gob.bo int.bo org.bo net.bo mil.bo tv.bo web.bo // Social Domains academia.bo agro.bo arte.bo blog.bo bolivia.bo ciencia.bo cooperativa.bo democracia.bo deporte.bo ecologia.bo economia.bo empresa.bo indigena.bo industria.bo info.bo medicina.bo movimiento.bo musica.bo natural.bo nombre.bo noticias.bo patria.bo politica.bo profesional.bo plurinacional.bo pueblo.bo revista.bo salud.bo tecnologia.bo tksat.bo transporte.bo wiki.bo // br : http://registro.br/dominio/categoria.html // Submitted by registry <fneves@registro.br> br 9guacu.br abc.br adm.br adv.br agr.br aju.br am.br anani.br aparecida.br app.br arq.br art.br ato.br b.br barueri.br belem.br bhz.br bib.br bio.br blog.br bmd.br boavista.br bsb.br campinagrande.br campinas.br caxias.br cim.br cng.br cnt.br com.br contagem.br coop.br coz.br cri.br cuiaba.br curitiba.br def.br des.br det.br dev.br ecn.br eco.br edu.br emp.br enf.br eng.br esp.br etc.br eti.br far.br feira.br flog.br floripa.br fm.br fnd.br fortal.br fot.br foz.br fst.br g12.br geo.br ggf.br goiania.br gov.br // gov.br 26 states + df https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/States_of_Brazil ac.gov.br al.gov.br am.gov.br ap.gov.br ba.gov.br ce.gov.br df.gov.br es.gov.br go.gov.br ma.gov.br mg.gov.br ms.gov.br mt.gov.br pa.gov.br pb.gov.br pe.gov.br pi.gov.br pr.gov.br rj.gov.br rn.gov.br ro.gov.br rr.gov.br rs.gov.br sc.gov.br se.gov.br sp.gov.br to.gov.br gru.br imb.br ind.br inf.br jab.br jampa.br jdf.br joinville.br jor.br jus.br leg.br lel.br log.br londrina.br macapa.br maceio.br manaus.br maringa.br mat.br med.br mil.br morena.br mp.br mus.br natal.br net.br niteroi.br .nom.br not.br ntr.br odo.br ong.br org.br osasco.br palmas.br poa.br ppg.br pro.br psc.br psi.br pvh.br qsl.br radio.br rec.br recife.br rep.br ribeirao.br rio.br riobranco.br riopreto.br salvador.br sampa.br santamaria.br santoandre.br saobernardo.br saogonca.br seg.br sjc.br slg.br slz.br sorocaba.br srv.br taxi.br tc.br tec.br teo.br the.br tmp.br trd.br tur.br tv.br udi.br vet.br vix.br vlog.br wiki.br zlg.br // bs : http://www.nic.bs/rules.html bs com.bs net.bs org.bs edu.bs gov.bs // bt : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bt bt com.bt edu.bt gov.bt net.bt org.bt // bv : No registrations at this time. // Submitted by registry <jarle@uninett.no> bv // bw : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bw // http://www.gobin.info/domainname/bw.doc // list of other 2nd level tlds ? bw co.bw org.bw // by : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.by // http://tld.by/rules_2006_en.html // list of other 2nd level tlds ? by gov.by mil.by // Official information does not indicate that com.by is a reserved // second-level domain, but it's being used as one (see www.google.com.by and // www.yahoo.com.by, for example), so we list it here for safety's sake. com.by // http://hoster.by/ of.by // bz : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.bz // http://www.belizenic.bz/ bz com.bz net.bz org.bz edu.bz gov.bz // ca : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ca ca // ca geographical names ab.ca bc.ca mb.ca nb.ca nf.ca nl.ca ns.ca nt.ca nu.ca on.ca pe.ca qc.ca sk.ca yk.ca // gc.ca: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gc.ca // see also: http://registry.gc.ca/en/SubdomainFAQ gc.ca // cat : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cat cat // cc : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cc cc // cd : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cd // see also: https://www.nic.cd/domain/insertDomain_2.jsp?act=1 cd gov.cd // cf : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cf cf // cg : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cg cg // ch : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ch ch // ci : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ci // http://www.nic.ci/index.php?page=charte ci org.ci or.ci com.ci co.ci edu.ci ed.ci ac.ci net.ci go.ci asso.ci xn--aroport-bya.ci int.ci presse.ci md.ci gouv.ci // ck : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ck .ck !www.ck // cl : https://www.nic.cl // Confirmed by .CL registry <hsalgado@nic.cl> cl co.cl gob.cl gov.cl mil.cl // cm : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cm plus bug 981927 cm co.cm com.cm gov.cm net.cm // cn : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cn // Submitted by registry <tanyaling@cnnic.cn> cn ac.cn com.cn edu.cn gov.cn net.cn org.cn mil.cn xn--55qx5d.cn xn--io0a7i.cn xn--od0alg.cn // cn geographic names ah.cn bj.cn cq.cn fj.cn gd.cn gs.cn gz.cn gx.cn ha.cn hb.cn he.cn hi.cn hl.cn hn.cn jl.cn js.cn jx.cn ln.cn nm.cn nx.cn qh.cn sc.cn sd.cn sh.cn sn.cn sx.cn tj.cn xj.cn xz.cn yn.cn zj.cn hk.cn mo.cn tw.cn // co : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.co // Submitted by registry <tecnico@uniandes.edu.co> co arts.co com.co edu.co firm.co gov.co info.co int.co mil.co net.co nom.co org.co rec.co web.co // com : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.com com // coop : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.coop coop // cr : http://www.nic.cr/niccr_publico/showRegistroDominiosScreen.do cr ac.cr co.cr ed.cr fi.cr go.cr or.cr sa.cr // cu : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cu cu com.cu edu.cu org.cu net.cu gov.cu inf.cu // cv : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cv cv // cw : http://www.una.cw/cw_registry/ // Confirmed by registry <registry@una.net> 2013-03-26 cw com.cw edu.cw net.cw org.cw // cx : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cx // list of other 2nd level tlds ? cx gov.cx // cy : http://www.nic.cy/ // Submitted by registry Panayiotou Fotia <cydns@ucy.ac.cy> cy ac.cy biz.cy com.cy ekloges.cy gov.cy ltd.cy name.cy net.cy org.cy parliament.cy press.cy pro.cy tm.cy // cz : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.cz cz // de : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.de // Confirmed by registry <ops@denic.de> (with technical // reservations) 2008-07-01 de // dj : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.dj dj // dk : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.dk // Confirmed by registry <robert@dk-hostmaster.dk> 2008-06-17 dk // dm : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.dm dm com.dm net.dm org.dm edu.dm gov.dm // do : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.do do art.do com.do edu.do gob.do gov.do mil.do net.do org.do sld.do web.do // dz : http://www.nic.dz/images/pdf_nic/charte.pdf dz art.dz asso.dz com.dz edu.dz gov.dz org.dz net.dz pol.dz soc.dz tm.dz // ec : http://www.nic.ec/reg/paso1.asp // Submitted by registry <vabboud@nic.ec> ec com.ec info.ec net.ec fin.ec k12.ec med.ec pro.ec org.ec edu.ec gov.ec gob.ec mil.ec // edu : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.edu edu // ee : http://www.eenet.ee/EENet/dom_reeglid.html#lisa_B ee edu.ee gov.ee riik.ee lib.ee med.ee com.ee pri.ee aip.ee org.ee fie.ee // eg : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.eg eg com.eg edu.eg eun.eg gov.eg mil.eg name.eg net.eg org.eg sci.eg // er : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.er .er // es : https://www.nic.es/site_ingles/ingles/dominios/index.html es com.es nom.es org.es gob.es edu.es // et : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.et et com.et gov.et org.et edu.et biz.et name.et info.et net.et // eu : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.eu eu // fi : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.fi fi // aland.fi : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ax // This domain is being phased out in favor of .ax. As there are still many // domains under aland.fi, we still keep it on the list until aland.fi is // completely removed. // TODO: Check for updates (expected to be phased out around Q1/2009) aland.fi // fj : http://domains.fj/ // Submitted by registry <garth.miller@cocca.org.nz> 2020-02-11 fj ac.fj biz.fj com.fj gov.fj info.fj mil.fj name.fj net.fj org.fj pro.fj // fk : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.fk .fk // fm : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.fm com.fm edu.fm net.fm org.fm fm // fo : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.fo fo // fr : http://www.afnic.fr/ // domaines descriptifs : https://www.afnic.fr/medias/documents/Cadre_legal/Afnic_Naming_Policy_12122016_VEN.pdf fr asso.fr com.fr gouv.fr nom.fr prd.fr tm.fr // domaines sectoriels : https://www.afnic.fr/en/products-and-services/the-fr-tld/sector-based-fr-domains-4.html aeroport.fr avocat.fr avoues.fr cci.fr chambagri.fr chirurgiens-dentistes.fr experts-comptables.fr geometre-expert.fr greta.fr huissier-justice.fr medecin.fr notaires.fr pharmacien.fr port.fr veterinaire.fr // ga : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ga ga // gb : This registry is effectively dormant // Submitted by registry <Damien.Shaw@ja.net> gb // gd : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gd edu.gd gov.gd gd // ge : http://www.nic.net.ge/policy_en.pdf ge com.ge edu.ge gov.ge org.ge mil.ge net.ge pvt.ge // gf : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gf gf // gg : http://www.channelisles.net/register-domains/ // Confirmed by registry <nigel@channelisles.net> 2013-11-28 gg co.gg net.gg org.gg // gh : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gh // see also: http://www.nic.gh/reg_now.php // Although domains directly at second level are not possible at the moment, // they have been possible for some time and may come back. gh com.gh edu.gh gov.gh org.gh mil.gh // gi : http://www.nic.gi/rules.html gi com.gi ltd.gi gov.gi mod.gi edu.gi org.gi // gl : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gl // http://nic.gl gl co.gl com.gl edu.gl net.gl org.gl // gm : http://www.nic.gm/htmlpages%5Cgm-policy.htm gm // gn : http://psg.com/dns/gn/gn.txt // Submitted by registry <randy@psg.com> gn ac.gn com.gn edu.gn gov.gn org.gn net.gn // gov : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gov gov // gp : http://www.nic.gp/index.php?lang=en gp com.gp net.gp mobi.gp edu.gp org.gp asso.gp // gq : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gq gq // gr : https://grweb.ics.forth.gr/english/1617-B-2005.html // Submitted by registry <segred@ics.forth.gr> gr com.gr edu.gr net.gr org.gr gov.gr // gs : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gs gs // gt : https://www.gt/sitio/registration_policy.php?lang=en gt com.gt edu.gt gob.gt ind.gt mil.gt net.gt org.gt // gu : http://gadao.gov.gu/register.html // University of Guam : https://www.uog.edu // Submitted by uognoc@triton.uog.edu gu com.gu edu.gu gov.gu guam.gu info.gu net.gu org.gu web.gu // gw : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gw gw // gy : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.gy // http://registry.gy/ gy co.gy com.gy edu.gy gov.gy net.gy org.gy // hk : https://www.hkirc.hk // Submitted by registry <hk.tech@hkirc.hk> hk com.hk edu.hk gov.hk idv.hk net.hk org.hk xn--55qx5d.hk xn--wcvs22d.hk xn--lcvr32d.hk xn--mxtq1m.hk xn--gmqw5a.hk xn--ciqpn.hk xn--gmq050i.hk xn--zf0avx.hk xn--io0a7i.hk xn--mk0axi.hk xn--od0alg.hk xn--od0aq3b.hk xn--tn0ag.hk xn--uc0atv.hk xn--uc0ay4a.hk // hm : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.hm hm // hn : http://www.nic.hn/politicas/ps02,,05.html hn com.hn edu.hn org.hn net.hn mil.hn gob.hn // hr : http://www.dns.hr/documents/pdf/HRTLD-regulations.pdf hr iz.hr from.hr name.hr com.hr // ht : http://www.nic.ht/info/charte.cfm ht com.ht shop.ht firm.ht info.ht adult.ht net.ht pro.ht org.ht med.ht art.ht coop.ht pol.ht asso.ht edu.ht rel.ht gouv.ht perso.ht // hu : http://www.domain.hu/domain/English/sld.html // Confirmed by registry <pasztor@iszt.hu> 2008-06-12 hu co.hu info.hu org.hu priv.hu sport.hu tm.hu 2000.hu agrar.hu bolt.hu casino.hu city.hu erotica.hu erotika.hu film.hu forum.hu games.hu hotel.hu ingatlan.hu jogasz.hu konyvelo.hu lakas.hu media.hu news.hu reklam.hu sex.hu shop.hu suli.hu szex.hu tozsde.hu utazas.hu video.hu // id : https://pandi.id/en/domain/registration-requirements/ id ac.id biz.id co.id desa.id go.id mil.id my.id net.id or.id ponpes.id sch.id web.id // ie : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ie ie gov.ie // il : http://www.isoc.org.il/domains/ il ac.il co.il gov.il idf.il k12.il muni.il net.il org.il // im : https://www.nic.im/ // Submitted by registry <info@nic.im> im ac.im co.im com.im ltd.co.im net.im org.im plc.co.im tt.im tv.im // in : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.in // see also: https://registry.in/Policies // Please note, that nic.in is not an official eTLD, but used by most // government institutions. in co.in firm.in net.in org.in gen.in ind.in nic.in ac.in edu.in res.in gov.in mil.in // info : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.info info // int : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.int // Confirmed by registry <iana-questions@icann.org> 2008-06-18 int eu.int // io : http://www.nic.io/rules.html // list of other 2nd level tlds ? io com.io // iq : http://www.cmc.iq/english/iq/iqregister1.htm iq gov.iq edu.iq mil.iq com.iq org.iq net.iq // ir : http://www.nic.ir/Terms_and_Conditions_ir,_Appendix_1_Domain_Rules // Also see http://www.nic.ir/Internationalized_Domain_Names // Two <iran>.ir entries added at request of <tech-team@nic.ir>, 2010-04-16 ir ac.ir co.ir gov.ir id.ir net.ir org.ir sch.ir // xn--mgba3a4f16a.ir (<iran>.ir, Persian YEH) xn--mgba3a4f16a.ir // xn--mgba3a4fra.ir (<iran>.ir, Arabic YEH) xn--mgba3a4fra.ir // is : http://www.isnic.is/domain/rules.php // Confirmed by registry <marius@isgate.is> 2008-12-06 is net.is com.is edu.is gov.is org.is int.is // it : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.it it gov.it edu.it // Reserved geo-names (regions and provinces): // https://www.nic.it/sites/default/files/archivio/docs/Regulation_assignation_v7.1.pdf // Regions abr.it abruzzo.it aosta-valley.it aostavalley.it bas.it basilicata.it cal.it calabria.it cam.it campania.it emilia-romagna.it emiliaromagna.it emr.it friuli-v-giulia.it friuli-ve-giulia.it friuli-vegiulia.it friuli-venezia-giulia.it friuli-veneziagiulia.it friuli-vgiulia.it friuliv-giulia.it friulive-giulia.it friulivegiulia.it friulivenezia-giulia.it friuliveneziagiulia.it friulivgiulia.it fvg.it laz.it lazio.it lig.it liguria.it lom.it lombardia.it lombardy.it lucania.it mar.it marche.it mol.it molise.it piedmont.it piemonte.it pmn.it pug.it puglia.it sar.it sardegna.it sardinia.it sic.it sicilia.it sicily.it taa.it tos.it toscana.it trentin-sud-tirol.it xn--trentin-sd-tirol-rzb.it trentin-sudtirol.it xn--trentin-sdtirol-7vb.it trentin-sued-tirol.it trentin-suedtirol.it trentino-a-adige.it trentino-aadige.it trentino-alto-adige.it trentino-altoadige.it trentino-s-tirol.it trentino-stirol.it trentino-sud-tirol.it xn--trentino-sd-tirol-c3b.it trentino-sudtirol.it xn--trentino-sdtirol-szb.it trentino-sued-tirol.it trentino-suedtirol.it trentino.it trentinoa-adige.it trentinoaadige.it trentinoalto-adige.it trentinoaltoadige.it trentinos-tirol.it trentinostirol.it trentinosud-tirol.it xn--trentinosd-tirol-rzb.it trentinosudtirol.it xn--trentinosdtirol-7vb.it trentinosued-tirol.it trentinosuedtirol.it trentinsud-tirol.it xn--trentinsd-tirol-6vb.it trentinsudtirol.it xn--trentinsdtirol-nsb.it trentinsued-tirol.it trentinsuedtirol.it tuscany.it umb.it umbria.it val-d-aosta.it val-daosta.it vald-aosta.it valdaosta.it valle-aosta.it valle-d-aosta.it valle-daosta.it valleaosta.it valled-aosta.it valledaosta.it vallee-aoste.it xn--valle-aoste-ebb.it vallee-d-aoste.it xn--valle-d-aoste-ehb.it valleeaoste.it xn--valleaoste-e7a.it valleedaoste.it xn--valledaoste-ebb.it vao.it vda.it ven.it veneto.it // Provinces ag.it agrigento.it al.it alessandria.it alto-adige.it altoadige.it an.it ancona.it andria-barletta-trani.it andria-trani-barletta.it andriabarlettatrani.it andriatranibarletta.it ao.it aosta.it aoste.it ap.it aq.it aquila.it ar.it arezzo.it ascoli-piceno.it ascolipiceno.it asti.it at.it av.it avellino.it ba.it balsan-sudtirol.it xn--balsan-sdtirol-nsb.it balsan-suedtirol.it balsan.it bari.it barletta-trani-andria.it barlettatraniandria.it belluno.it benevento.it bergamo.it bg.it bi.it biella.it bl.it bn.it bo.it bologna.it bolzano-altoadige.it bolzano.it bozen-sudtirol.it xn--bozen-sdtirol-2ob.it bozen-suedtirol.it bozen.it br.it brescia.it brindisi.it bs.it bt.it bulsan-sudtirol.it xn--bulsan-sdtirol-nsb.it bulsan-suedtirol.it bulsan.it bz.it ca.it cagliari.it caltanissetta.it campidano-medio.it campidanomedio.it campobasso.it carbonia-iglesias.it carboniaiglesias.it carrara-massa.it carraramassa.it caserta.it catania.it catanzaro.it cb.it ce.it cesena-forli.it xn--cesena-forl-mcb.it cesenaforli.it xn--cesenaforl-i8a.it ch.it chieti.it ci.it cl.it cn.it co.it como.it cosenza.it cr.it cremona.it crotone.it cs.it ct.it cuneo.it cz.it dell-ogliastra.it dellogliastra.it en.it enna.it fc.it fe.it fermo.it ferrara.it fg.it fi.it firenze.it florence.it fm.it foggia.it forli-cesena.it xn--forl-cesena-fcb.it forlicesena.it xn--forlcesena-c8a.it fr.it frosinone.it ge.it genoa.it genova.it go.it gorizia.it gr.it grosseto.it iglesias-carbonia.it iglesiascarbonia.it im.it imperia.it is.it isernia.it kr.it la-spezia.it laquila.it laspezia.it latina.it lc.it le.it lecce.it lecco.it li.it livorno.it lo.it lodi.it lt.it lu.it lucca.it macerata.it mantova.it massa-carrara.it massacarrara.it matera.it mb.it mc.it me.it medio-campidano.it mediocampidano.it messina.it mi.it milan.it milano.it mn.it mo.it modena.it monza-brianza.it monza-e-della-brianza.it monza.it monzabrianza.it monzaebrianza.it monzaedellabrianza.it ms.it mt.it na.it naples.it napoli.it no.it novara.it nu.it nuoro.it og.it ogliastra.it olbia-tempio.it olbiatempio.it or.it oristano.it ot.it pa.it padova.it padua.it palermo.it parma.it pavia.it pc.it pd.it pe.it perugia.it pesaro-urbino.it pesarourbino.it pescara.it pg.it pi.it piacenza.it pisa.it 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chofu.tokyo.jp chuo.tokyo.jp edogawa.tokyo.jp fuchu.tokyo.jp fussa.tokyo.jp hachijo.tokyo.jp hachioji.tokyo.jp hamura.tokyo.jp higashikurume.tokyo.jp higashimurayama.tokyo.jp higashiyamato.tokyo.jp hino.tokyo.jp hinode.tokyo.jp hinohara.tokyo.jp inagi.tokyo.jp itabashi.tokyo.jp katsushika.tokyo.jp kita.tokyo.jp kiyose.tokyo.jp kodaira.tokyo.jp koganei.tokyo.jp kokubunji.tokyo.jp komae.tokyo.jp koto.tokyo.jp kouzushima.tokyo.jp kunitachi.tokyo.jp machida.tokyo.jp meguro.tokyo.jp minato.tokyo.jp mitaka.tokyo.jp mizuho.tokyo.jp musashimurayama.tokyo.jp musashino.tokyo.jp nakano.tokyo.jp nerima.tokyo.jp ogasawara.tokyo.jp okutama.tokyo.jp ome.tokyo.jp oshima.tokyo.jp ota.tokyo.jp setagaya.tokyo.jp shibuya.tokyo.jp shinagawa.tokyo.jp shinjuku.tokyo.jp suginami.tokyo.jp sumida.tokyo.jp tachikawa.tokyo.jp taito.tokyo.jp tama.tokyo.jp toshima.tokyo.jp chizu.tottori.jp hino.tottori.jp kawahara.tottori.jp koge.tottori.jp kotoura.tottori.jp misasa.tottori.jp nanbu.tottori.jp nichinan.tottori.jp sakaiminato.tottori.jp tottori.tottori.jp wakasa.tottori.jp yazu.tottori.jp yonago.tottori.jp asahi.toyama.jp fuchu.toyama.jp fukumitsu.toyama.jp funahashi.toyama.jp himi.toyama.jp imizu.toyama.jp inami.toyama.jp johana.toyama.jp kamiichi.toyama.jp kurobe.toyama.jp nakaniikawa.toyama.jp namerikawa.toyama.jp nanto.toyama.jp nyuzen.toyama.jp oyabe.toyama.jp taira.toyama.jp takaoka.toyama.jp tateyama.toyama.jp toga.toyama.jp tonami.toyama.jp toyama.toyama.jp unazuki.toyama.jp uozu.toyama.jp yamada.toyama.jp arida.wakayama.jp aridagawa.wakayama.jp gobo.wakayama.jp hashimoto.wakayama.jp hidaka.wakayama.jp hirogawa.wakayama.jp inami.wakayama.jp iwade.wakayama.jp kainan.wakayama.jp kamitonda.wakayama.jp katsuragi.wakayama.jp kimino.wakayama.jp kinokawa.wakayama.jp kitayama.wakayama.jp koya.wakayama.jp koza.wakayama.jp kozagawa.wakayama.jp kudoyama.wakayama.jp kushimoto.wakayama.jp mihama.wakayama.jp misato.wakayama.jp nachikatsuura.wakayama.jp shingu.wakayama.jp shirahama.wakayama.jp taiji.wakayama.jp tanabe.wakayama.jp wakayama.wakayama.jp yuasa.wakayama.jp yura.wakayama.jp asahi.yamagata.jp funagata.yamagata.jp higashine.yamagata.jp iide.yamagata.jp kahoku.yamagata.jp kaminoyama.yamagata.jp kaneyama.yamagata.jp kawanishi.yamagata.jp mamurogawa.yamagata.jp mikawa.yamagata.jp murayama.yamagata.jp nagai.yamagata.jp nakayama.yamagata.jp nanyo.yamagata.jp nishikawa.yamagata.jp obanazawa.yamagata.jp oe.yamagata.jp oguni.yamagata.jp ohkura.yamagata.jp oishida.yamagata.jp sagae.yamagata.jp sakata.yamagata.jp sakegawa.yamagata.jp shinjo.yamagata.jp shirataka.yamagata.jp shonai.yamagata.jp takahata.yamagata.jp tendo.yamagata.jp tozawa.yamagata.jp tsuruoka.yamagata.jp yamagata.yamagata.jp yamanobe.yamagata.jp yonezawa.yamagata.jp yuza.yamagata.jp abu.yamaguchi.jp hagi.yamaguchi.jp hikari.yamaguchi.jp hofu.yamaguchi.jp iwakuni.yamaguchi.jp kudamatsu.yamaguchi.jp mitou.yamaguchi.jp nagato.yamaguchi.jp oshima.yamaguchi.jp shimonoseki.yamaguchi.jp shunan.yamaguchi.jp tabuse.yamaguchi.jp tokuyama.yamaguchi.jp toyota.yamaguchi.jp ube.yamaguchi.jp yuu.yamaguchi.jp chuo.yamanashi.jp doshi.yamanashi.jp fuefuki.yamanashi.jp fujikawa.yamanashi.jp fujikawaguchiko.yamanashi.jp fujiyoshida.yamanashi.jp hayakawa.yamanashi.jp hokuto.yamanashi.jp ichikawamisato.yamanashi.jp kai.yamanashi.jp kofu.yamanashi.jp koshu.yamanashi.jp kosuge.yamanashi.jp minami-alps.yamanashi.jp minobu.yamanashi.jp nakamichi.yamanashi.jp nanbu.yamanashi.jp narusawa.yamanashi.jp nirasaki.yamanashi.jp nishikatsura.yamanashi.jp oshino.yamanashi.jp otsuki.yamanashi.jp showa.yamanashi.jp tabayama.yamanashi.jp tsuru.yamanashi.jp uenohara.yamanashi.jp yamanakako.yamanashi.jp yamanashi.yamanashi.jp // ke : http://www.kenic.or.ke/index.php/en/ke-domains/ke-domains ke ac.ke co.ke go.ke info.ke me.ke mobi.ke ne.ke or.ke sc.ke // kg : http://www.domain.kg/dmn_n.html kg org.kg net.kg com.kg edu.kg gov.kg mil.kg // kh : http://www.mptc.gov.kh/dns_registration.htm .kh // ki : http://www.ki/dns/index.html ki edu.ki biz.ki net.ki org.ki gov.ki info.ki com.ki // km : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.km // http://www.domaine.km/documents/charte.doc km org.km nom.km gov.km prd.km tm.km edu.km mil.km ass.km com.km // These are only mentioned as proposed suggestions at domaine.km, but // https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.km says they're available for registration: coop.km asso.km presse.km medecin.km notaires.km pharmaciens.km veterinaire.km gouv.km // kn : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.kn // http://www.dot.kn/domainRules.html kn net.kn org.kn edu.kn gov.kn // kp : http://www.kcce.kp/en_index.php kp com.kp edu.kp gov.kp org.kp rep.kp tra.kp // kr : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.kr // see also: http://domain.nida.or.kr/eng/registration.jsp kr ac.kr co.kr es.kr go.kr hs.kr kg.kr mil.kr ms.kr ne.kr or.kr pe.kr re.kr sc.kr // kr geographical names busan.kr chungbuk.kr chungnam.kr daegu.kr daejeon.kr gangwon.kr gwangju.kr gyeongbuk.kr gyeonggi.kr gyeongnam.kr incheon.kr jeju.kr jeonbuk.kr jeonnam.kr seoul.kr ulsan.kr // kw : https://www.nic.kw/policies/ // Confirmed by registry <nic.tech@citra.gov.kw> kw com.kw edu.kw emb.kw gov.kw ind.kw net.kw org.kw // ky : http://www.icta.ky/da_ky_reg_dom.php // Confirmed by registry <kysupport@perimeterusa.com> 2008-06-17 ky edu.ky gov.ky com.ky org.ky net.ky // kz : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.kz // see also: http://www.nic.kz/rules/index.jsp kz org.kz edu.kz net.kz gov.kz mil.kz com.kz // la : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.la // Submitted by registry <gavin.brown@nic.la> la int.la net.la info.la edu.la gov.la per.la com.la org.la // lb : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.lb // Submitted by registry <randy@psg.com> lb com.lb edu.lb gov.lb net.lb org.lb // lc : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.lc // see also: http://www.nic.lc/rules.htm lc com.lc net.lc co.lc org.lc edu.lc gov.lc // li : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.li li // lk : https://www.nic.lk/index.php/domain-registration/lk-domain-naming-structure lk gov.lk sch.lk net.lk int.lk com.lk org.lk edu.lk ngo.lk soc.lk web.lk ltd.lk assn.lk grp.lk hotel.lk ac.lk // lr : http://psg.com/dns/lr/lr.txt // Submitted by registry <randy@psg.com> lr com.lr edu.lr gov.lr org.lr net.lr // ls : http://www.nic.ls/ // Confirmed by registry <lsadmin@nic.ls> ls ac.ls biz.ls co.ls edu.ls gov.ls info.ls net.ls org.ls sc.ls // lt : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.lt lt // gov.lt : http://www.gov.lt/index_en.php gov.lt // lu : http://www.dns.lu/en/ lu // lv : http://www.nic.lv/DNS/En/generic.php lv com.lv edu.lv gov.lv org.lv mil.lv id.lv net.lv asn.lv conf.lv // ly : http://www.nic.ly/regulations.php ly com.ly net.ly gov.ly plc.ly edu.ly sch.ly med.ly org.ly id.ly // ma : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ma // http://www.anrt.ma/fr/admin/download/upload/file_fr782.pdf ma co.ma net.ma gov.ma org.ma ac.ma press.ma // mc : http://www.nic.mc/ mc tm.mc asso.mc // md : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.md md // me : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.me me co.me net.me org.me edu.me ac.me gov.me its.me priv.me // mg : http://nic.mg/nicmg/?page_id=39 mg org.mg nom.mg gov.mg prd.mg tm.mg edu.mg mil.mg com.mg co.mg // mh : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mh mh // mil : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mil mil // mk : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mk // see also: http://dns.marnet.net.mk/postapka.php mk com.mk org.mk net.mk edu.mk gov.mk inf.mk name.mk // ml : http://www.gobin.info/domainname/ml-template.doc // see also: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ml ml com.ml edu.ml gouv.ml gov.ml net.ml org.ml presse.ml // mm : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mm .mm // mn : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mn mn gov.mn edu.mn org.mn // mo : http://www.monic.net.mo/ mo com.mo net.mo org.mo edu.mo gov.mo // mobi : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mobi mobi // mp : http://www.dot.mp/ // Confirmed by registry <dcamacho@saipan.com> 2008-06-17 mp // mq : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mq mq // mr : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mr mr gov.mr // ms : http://www.nic.ms/pdf/MS_Domain_Name_Rules.pdf ms com.ms edu.ms gov.ms net.ms org.ms // mt : https://www.nic.org.mt/go/policy // Submitted by registry <help@nic.org.mt> mt com.mt edu.mt net.mt org.mt // mu : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mu mu com.mu net.mu org.mu gov.mu ac.mu co.mu or.mu // museum : http://about.museum/naming/ // http://index.museum/ museum academy.museum agriculture.museum air.museum airguard.museum alabama.museum alaska.museum amber.museum ambulance.museum american.museum americana.museum americanantiques.museum americanart.museum amsterdam.museum and.museum annefrank.museum anthro.museum anthropology.museum antiques.museum aquarium.museum arboretum.museum archaeological.museum archaeology.museum architecture.museum art.museum artanddesign.museum artcenter.museum artdeco.museum arteducation.museum artgallery.museum arts.museum artsandcrafts.museum asmatart.museum assassination.museum assisi.museum association.museum astronomy.museum atlanta.museum austin.museum australia.museum automotive.museum aviation.museum axis.museum badajoz.museum baghdad.museum bahn.museum bale.museum baltimore.museum barcelona.museum baseball.museum basel.museum baths.museum bauern.museum beauxarts.museum beeldengeluid.museum bellevue.museum bergbau.museum berkeley.museum berlin.museum bern.museum bible.museum bilbao.museum bill.museum birdart.museum birthplace.museum bonn.museum boston.museum botanical.museum botanicalgarden.museum botanicgarden.museum botany.museum brandywinevalley.museum brasil.museum bristol.museum british.museum britishcolumbia.museum broadcast.museum brunel.museum brussel.museum brussels.museum bruxelles.museum building.museum burghof.museum bus.museum bushey.museum cadaques.museum california.museum cambridge.museum can.museum canada.museum capebreton.museum carrier.museum cartoonart.museum casadelamoneda.museum castle.museum castres.museum celtic.museum center.museum chattanooga.museum cheltenham.museum chesapeakebay.museum chicago.museum children.museum childrens.museum childrensgarden.museum chiropractic.museum chocolate.museum christiansburg.museum cincinnati.museum cinema.museum circus.museum civilisation.museum civilization.museum civilwar.museum clinton.museum clock.museum coal.museum coastaldefence.museum cody.museum coldwar.museum collection.museum colonialwilliamsburg.museum coloradoplateau.museum columbia.museum columbus.museum communication.museum communications.museum community.museum computer.museum computerhistory.museum xn--comunicaes-v6a2o.museum contemporary.museum contemporaryart.museum convent.museum copenhagen.museum corporation.museum xn--correios-e-telecomunicaes-ghc29a.museum corvette.museum costume.museum countryestate.museum county.museum crafts.museum cranbrook.museum creation.museum cultural.museum culturalcenter.museum culture.museum cyber.museum cymru.museum dali.museum dallas.museum database.museum ddr.museum decorativearts.museum delaware.museum delmenhorst.museum denmark.museum depot.museum design.museum detroit.museum dinosaur.museum discovery.museum dolls.museum donostia.museum durham.museum eastafrica.museum eastcoast.museum education.museum educational.museum egyptian.museum eisenbahn.museum elburg.museum elvendrell.museum embroidery.museum encyclopedic.museum england.museum entomology.museum environment.museum environmentalconservation.museum epilepsy.museum essex.museum estate.museum ethnology.museum exeter.museum exhibition.museum family.museum farm.museum farmequipment.museum farmers.museum farmstead.museum field.museum figueres.museum filatelia.museum film.museum fineart.museum finearts.museum finland.museum flanders.museum florida.museum force.museum fortmissoula.museum fortworth.museum foundation.museum francaise.museum frankfurt.museum franziskaner.museum freemasonry.museum freiburg.museum fribourg.museum frog.museum fundacio.museum furniture.museum gallery.museum garden.museum gateway.museum geelvinck.museum gemological.museum geology.museum georgia.museum giessen.museum glas.museum glass.museum gorge.museum grandrapids.museum graz.museum guernsey.museum halloffame.museum hamburg.museum handson.museum harvestcelebration.museum hawaii.museum health.museum heimatunduhren.museum hellas.museum helsinki.museum hembygdsforbund.museum heritage.museum histoire.museum historical.museum historicalsociety.museum historichouses.museum historisch.museum historisches.museum history.museum historyofscience.museum horology.museum house.museum humanities.museum illustration.museum imageandsound.museum indian.museum indiana.museum indianapolis.museum indianmarket.museum intelligence.museum interactive.museum iraq.museum iron.museum isleofman.museum jamison.museum jefferson.museum jerusalem.museum jewelry.museum jewish.museum jewishart.museum jfk.museum journalism.museum judaica.museum judygarland.museum juedisches.museum juif.museum karate.museum karikatur.museum kids.museum koebenhavn.museum koeln.museum kunst.museum kunstsammlung.museum kunstunddesign.museum labor.museum labour.museum lajolla.museum lancashire.museum landes.museum lans.museum xn--lns-qla.museum larsson.museum lewismiller.museum lincoln.museum linz.museum living.museum livinghistory.museum localhistory.museum london.museum losangeles.museum louvre.museum loyalist.museum lucerne.museum luxembourg.museum luzern.museum mad.museum madrid.museum mallorca.museum manchester.museum mansion.museum mansions.museum manx.museum marburg.museum maritime.museum maritimo.museum maryland.museum marylhurst.museum media.museum medical.museum medizinhistorisches.museum meeres.museum memorial.museum mesaverde.museum michigan.museum midatlantic.museum military.museum mill.museum miners.museum mining.museum minnesota.museum missile.museum missoula.museum modern.museum moma.museum money.museum monmouth.museum monticello.museum montreal.museum moscow.museum motorcycle.museum muenchen.museum muenster.museum mulhouse.museum muncie.museum museet.museum museumcenter.museum museumvereniging.museum music.museum national.museum nationalfirearms.museum nationalheritage.museum nativeamerican.museum naturalhistory.museum naturalhistorymuseum.museum naturalsciences.museum nature.museum naturhistorisches.museum natuurwetenschappen.museum naumburg.museum naval.museum nebraska.museum neues.museum newhampshire.museum newjersey.museum newmexico.museum newport.museum newspaper.museum newyork.museum niepce.museum norfolk.museum north.museum nrw.museum nyc.museum nyny.museum oceanographic.museum oceanographique.museum omaha.museum online.museum ontario.museum openair.museum oregon.museum oregontrail.museum otago.museum oxford.museum pacific.museum paderborn.museum palace.museum paleo.museum palmsprings.museum panama.museum paris.museum pasadena.museum pharmacy.museum philadelphia.museum philadelphiaarea.museum philately.museum phoenix.museum photography.museum pilots.museum pittsburgh.museum planetarium.museum plantation.museum plants.museum plaza.museum portal.museum portland.museum portlligat.museum posts-and-telecommunications.museum preservation.museum presidio.museum press.museum project.museum public.museum pubol.museum quebec.museum railroad.museum railway.museum research.museum resistance.museum riodejaneiro.museum rochester.museum rockart.museum roma.museum russia.museum saintlouis.museum salem.museum salvadordali.museum salzburg.museum sandiego.museum sanfrancisco.museum santabarbara.museum santacruz.museum santafe.museum saskatchewan.museum satx.museum savannahga.museum schlesisches.museum schoenbrunn.museum schokoladen.museum school.museum schweiz.museum science.museum scienceandhistory.museum scienceandindustry.museum sciencecenter.museum sciencecenters.museum science-fiction.museum sciencehistory.museum sciences.museum sciencesnaturelles.museum scotland.museum seaport.museum settlement.museum settlers.museum shell.museum sherbrooke.museum sibenik.museum silk.museum ski.museum skole.museum society.museum sologne.museum soundandvision.museum southcarolina.museum southwest.museum space.museum spy.museum square.museum stadt.museum stalbans.museum starnberg.museum state.museum stateofdelaware.museum station.museum steam.museum steiermark.museum stjohn.museum stockholm.museum stpetersburg.museum stuttgart.museum suisse.museum surgeonshall.museum surrey.museum svizzera.museum sweden.museum sydney.museum tank.museum tcm.museum technology.museum telekommunikation.museum television.museum texas.museum textile.museum theater.museum time.museum timekeeping.museum topology.museum torino.museum touch.museum town.museum transport.museum tree.museum trolley.museum trust.museum trustee.museum uhren.museum ulm.museum undersea.museum university.museum usa.museum usantiques.museum usarts.museum uscountryestate.museum usculture.museum usdecorativearts.museum usgarden.museum ushistory.museum ushuaia.museum uslivinghistory.museum utah.museum uvic.museum valley.museum vantaa.museum versailles.museum viking.museum village.museum virginia.museum virtual.museum virtuel.museum vlaanderen.museum volkenkunde.museum wales.museum wallonie.museum war.museum washingtondc.museum watchandclock.museum watch-and-clock.museum western.museum westfalen.museum whaling.museum wildlife.museum williamsburg.museum windmill.museum workshop.museum york.museum yorkshire.museum yosemite.museum youth.museum zoological.museum zoology.museum xn--9dbhblg6di.museum xn--h1aegh.museum // mv : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.mv // "mv" included because, contra Wikipedia, google.mv exists. mv aero.mv biz.mv com.mv coop.mv edu.mv gov.mv info.mv int.mv mil.mv museum.mv name.mv net.mv org.mv pro.mv // mw : http://www.registrar.mw/ mw ac.mw biz.mw co.mw com.mw coop.mw edu.mw gov.mw int.mw museum.mw net.mw org.mw // mx : http://www.nic.mx/ // Submitted by registry <farias@nic.mx> mx com.mx org.mx gob.mx edu.mx net.mx // my : http://www.mynic.my/ // Available strings: https://mynic.my/resources/domains/buying-a-domain/ my biz.my com.my edu.my gov.my mil.my name.my net.my org.my // mz : http://www.uem.mz/ // Submitted by registry <antonio@uem.mz> mz ac.mz adv.mz co.mz edu.mz gov.mz mil.mz net.mz org.mz // na : http://www.na-nic.com.na/ // http://www.info.na/domain/ na info.na pro.na name.na school.na or.na dr.na us.na mx.na ca.na in.na cc.na tv.na ws.na mobi.na co.na com.na org.na // name : has 2nd-level tlds, but there's no list of them name // nc : http://www.cctld.nc/ nc asso.nc nom.nc // ne : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ne ne // net : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.net net // nf : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.nf nf com.nf net.nf per.nf rec.nf web.nf arts.nf firm.nf info.nf other.nf store.nf // ng : http://www.nira.org.ng/index.php/join-us/register-ng-domain/189-nira-slds ng com.ng edu.ng gov.ng i.ng mil.ng mobi.ng name.ng net.ng org.ng sch.ng // ni : http://www.nic.ni/ ni ac.ni biz.ni co.ni com.ni edu.ni gob.ni in.ni info.ni int.ni mil.ni net.ni nom.ni org.ni web.ni // nl : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.nl // https://www.sidn.nl/ // ccTLD for the Netherlands nl // no : https://www.norid.no/en/om-domenenavn/regelverk-for-no/ // Norid geographical second level domains : https://www.norid.no/en/om-domenenavn/regelverk-for-no/vedlegg-b/ // Norid category second level domains : https://www.norid.no/en/om-domenenavn/regelverk-for-no/vedlegg-c/ // Norid category second-level domains managed by parties other than Norid : https://www.norid.no/en/om-domenenavn/regelverk-for-no/vedlegg-d/ // RSS feed: https://teknisk.norid.no/en/feed/ no // Norid category second level domains : https://www.norid.no/en/om-domenenavn/regelverk-for-no/vedlegg-c/ fhs.no vgs.no fylkesbibl.no folkebibl.no museum.no idrett.no priv.no // Norid category second-level domains managed by parties other than Norid : https://www.norid.no/en/om-domenenavn/regelverk-for-no/vedlegg-d/ mil.no stat.no dep.no kommune.no herad.no // Norid geographical second level domains : https://www.norid.no/en/om-domenenavn/regelverk-for-no/vedlegg-b/ // counties aa.no ah.no bu.no fm.no hl.no hm.no jan-mayen.no mr.no nl.no nt.no of.no ol.no oslo.no rl.no sf.no st.no svalbard.no tm.no tr.no va.no vf.no // primary and lower secondary schools per county gs.aa.no gs.ah.no gs.bu.no gs.fm.no gs.hl.no gs.hm.no gs.jan-mayen.no gs.mr.no gs.nl.no gs.nt.no gs.of.no gs.ol.no gs.oslo.no gs.rl.no gs.sf.no gs.st.no gs.svalbard.no gs.tm.no gs.tr.no gs.va.no gs.vf.no // cities akrehamn.no xn--krehamn-dxa.no algard.no xn--lgrd-poac.no arna.no brumunddal.no bryne.no bronnoysund.no xn--brnnysund-m8ac.no drobak.no xn--drbak-wua.no egersund.no fetsund.no floro.no xn--flor-jra.no fredrikstad.no hokksund.no honefoss.no xn--hnefoss-q1a.no jessheim.no jorpeland.no xn--jrpeland-54a.no kirkenes.no kopervik.no krokstadelva.no langevag.no xn--langevg-jxa.no leirvik.no mjondalen.no xn--mjndalen-64a.no mo-i-rana.no mosjoen.no xn--mosjen-eya.no nesoddtangen.no orkanger.no osoyro.no xn--osyro-wua.no raholt.no xn--rholt-mra.no sandnessjoen.no xn--sandnessjen-ogb.no skedsmokorset.no slattum.no spjelkavik.no stathelle.no stavern.no stjordalshalsen.no xn--stjrdalshalsen-sqb.no tananger.no tranby.no vossevangen.no // communities afjord.no xn--fjord-lra.no agdenes.no al.no xn--l-1fa.no alesund.no xn--lesund-hua.no alstahaug.no alta.no xn--lt-liac.no alaheadju.no xn--laheadju-7ya.no alvdal.no amli.no xn--mli-tla.no amot.no xn--mot-tla.no andebu.no andoy.no xn--andy-ira.no andasuolo.no ardal.no xn--rdal-poa.no aremark.no arendal.no xn--s-1fa.no aseral.no xn--seral-lra.no asker.no askim.no askvoll.no askoy.no xn--asky-ira.no asnes.no xn--snes-poa.no audnedaln.no aukra.no aure.no aurland.no aurskog-holand.no xn--aurskog-hland-jnb.no austevoll.no austrheim.no averoy.no xn--avery-yua.no balestrand.no ballangen.no balat.no xn--blt-elab.no balsfjord.no bahccavuotna.no xn--bhccavuotna-k7a.no bamble.no bardu.no beardu.no beiarn.no bajddar.no xn--bjddar-pta.no baidar.no xn--bidr-5nac.no berg.no bergen.no berlevag.no xn--berlevg-jxa.no bearalvahki.no xn--bearalvhki-y4a.no bindal.no birkenes.no bjarkoy.no xn--bjarky-fya.no bjerkreim.no bjugn.no bodo.no xn--bod-2na.no badaddja.no xn--bdddj-mrabd.no budejju.no bokn.no bremanger.no bronnoy.no xn--brnny-wuac.no bygland.no bykle.no barum.no xn--brum-voa.no bo.telemark.no xn--b-5ga.telemark.no bo.nordland.no xn--b-5ga.nordland.no bievat.no xn--bievt-0qa.no bomlo.no xn--bmlo-gra.no batsfjord.no xn--btsfjord-9za.no bahcavuotna.no xn--bhcavuotna-s4a.no dovre.no drammen.no drangedal.no dyroy.no xn--dyry-ira.no donna.no xn--dnna-gra.no eid.no eidfjord.no eidsberg.no eidskog.no eidsvoll.no eigersund.no elverum.no enebakk.no engerdal.no etne.no etnedal.no evenes.no evenassi.no xn--eveni-0qa01ga.no evje-og-hornnes.no farsund.no fauske.no fuossko.no fuoisku.no fedje.no fet.no finnoy.no xn--finny-yua.no fitjar.no fjaler.no fjell.no flakstad.no flatanger.no flekkefjord.no flesberg.no flora.no fla.no xn--fl-zia.no folldal.no forsand.no fosnes.no frei.no frogn.no froland.no frosta.no frana.no xn--frna-woa.no froya.no xn--frya-hra.no fusa.no fyresdal.no forde.no xn--frde-gra.no gamvik.no gangaviika.no xn--ggaviika-8ya47h.no gaular.no gausdal.no gildeskal.no xn--gildeskl-g0a.no giske.no gjemnes.no gjerdrum.no gjerstad.no gjesdal.no gjovik.no xn--gjvik-wua.no gloppen.no gol.no gran.no grane.no granvin.no gratangen.no grimstad.no grong.no kraanghke.no xn--kranghke-b0a.no grue.no gulen.no hadsel.no halden.no halsa.no hamar.no hamaroy.no habmer.no xn--hbmer-xqa.no hapmir.no xn--hpmir-xqa.no hammerfest.no hammarfeasta.no xn--hmmrfeasta-s4ac.no haram.no hareid.no harstad.no hasvik.no aknoluokta.no xn--koluokta-7ya57h.no hattfjelldal.no aarborte.no haugesund.no hemne.no hemnes.no hemsedal.no heroy.more-og-romsdal.no xn--hery-ira.xn--mre-og-romsdal-qqb.no heroy.nordland.no xn--hery-ira.nordland.no hitra.no hjartdal.no hjelmeland.no hobol.no xn--hobl-ira.no hof.no hol.no hole.no holmestrand.no holtalen.no xn--holtlen-hxa.no hornindal.no horten.no hurdal.no hurum.no hvaler.no hyllestad.no hagebostad.no xn--hgebostad-g3a.no hoyanger.no xn--hyanger-q1a.no hoylandet.no xn--hylandet-54a.no ha.no xn--h-2fa.no ibestad.no inderoy.no xn--indery-fya.no iveland.no jevnaker.no jondal.no jolster.no xn--jlster-bya.no karasjok.no karasjohka.no xn--krjohka-hwab49j.no karlsoy.no galsa.no xn--gls-elac.no karmoy.no xn--karmy-yua.no kautokeino.no guovdageaidnu.no klepp.no klabu.no xn--klbu-woa.no kongsberg.no kongsvinger.no kragero.no xn--krager-gya.no kristiansand.no kristiansund.no krodsherad.no xn--krdsherad-m8a.no kvalsund.no rahkkeravju.no xn--rhkkervju-01af.no kvam.no kvinesdal.no kvinnherad.no kviteseid.no kvitsoy.no xn--kvitsy-fya.no kvafjord.no xn--kvfjord-nxa.no giehtavuoatna.no kvanangen.no xn--kvnangen-k0a.no navuotna.no xn--nvuotna-hwa.no kafjord.no xn--kfjord-iua.no gaivuotna.no xn--givuotna-8ya.no larvik.no lavangen.no lavagis.no loabat.no xn--loabt-0qa.no lebesby.no davvesiida.no leikanger.no leirfjord.no leka.no leksvik.no lenvik.no leangaviika.no xn--leagaviika-52b.no lesja.no levanger.no lier.no lierne.no lillehammer.no lillesand.no lindesnes.no lindas.no xn--linds-pra.no lom.no loppa.no lahppi.no xn--lhppi-xqa.no lund.no lunner.no luroy.no xn--lury-ira.no luster.no lyngdal.no lyngen.no ivgu.no lardal.no lerdal.no xn--lrdal-sra.no lodingen.no xn--ldingen-q1a.no lorenskog.no xn--lrenskog-54a.no loten.no xn--lten-gra.no malvik.no masoy.no xn--msy-ula0h.no muosat.no xn--muost-0qa.no mandal.no marker.no marnardal.no masfjorden.no meland.no meldal.no melhus.no meloy.no xn--mely-ira.no meraker.no xn--merker-kua.no moareke.no xn--moreke-jua.no midsund.no midtre-gauldal.no modalen.no modum.no molde.no moskenes.no moss.no mosvik.no malselv.no xn--mlselv-iua.no malatvuopmi.no xn--mlatvuopmi-s4a.no namdalseid.no aejrie.no namsos.no namsskogan.no naamesjevuemie.no xn--nmesjevuemie-tcba.no laakesvuemie.no nannestad.no narvik.no narviika.no naustdal.no nedre-eiker.no nes.akershus.no nes.buskerud.no nesna.no nesodden.no nesseby.no unjarga.no xn--unjrga-rta.no nesset.no nissedal.no nittedal.no nord-aurdal.no nord-fron.no nord-odal.no norddal.no nordkapp.no davvenjarga.no xn--davvenjrga-y4a.no nordre-land.no nordreisa.no raisa.no xn--risa-5na.no nore-og-uvdal.no notodden.no naroy.no xn--nry-yla5g.no notteroy.no xn--nttery-byae.no odda.no oksnes.no xn--ksnes-uua.no oppdal.no oppegard.no xn--oppegrd-ixa.no orkdal.no orland.no xn--rland-uua.no orskog.no xn--rskog-uua.no orsta.no xn--rsta-fra.no os.hedmark.no os.hordaland.no osen.no osteroy.no xn--ostery-fya.no ostre-toten.no xn--stre-toten-zcb.no overhalla.no ovre-eiker.no xn--vre-eiker-k8a.no oyer.no xn--yer-zna.no oygarden.no xn--ygarden-p1a.no oystre-slidre.no xn--ystre-slidre-ujb.no porsanger.no porsangu.no xn--porsgu-sta26f.no porsgrunn.no radoy.no xn--rady-ira.no rakkestad.no rana.no ruovat.no randaberg.no rauma.no rendalen.no rennebu.no rennesoy.no xn--rennesy-v1a.no rindal.no ringebu.no ringerike.no ringsaker.no rissa.no risor.no xn--risr-ira.no roan.no rollag.no rygge.no ralingen.no xn--rlingen-mxa.no rodoy.no xn--rdy-0nab.no romskog.no xn--rmskog-bya.no roros.no xn--rros-gra.no rost.no xn--rst-0na.no royken.no xn--ryken-vua.no royrvik.no xn--ryrvik-bya.no rade.no xn--rde-ula.no salangen.no siellak.no saltdal.no salat.no xn--slt-elab.no xn--slat-5na.no samnanger.no sande.more-og-romsdal.no sande.xn--mre-og-romsdal-qqb.no sande.vestfold.no sandefjord.no sandnes.no sandoy.no xn--sandy-yua.no sarpsborg.no sauda.no sauherad.no sel.no selbu.no selje.no seljord.no sigdal.no siljan.no sirdal.no skaun.no skedsmo.no ski.no skien.no skiptvet.no skjervoy.no xn--skjervy-v1a.no skierva.no xn--skierv-uta.no skjak.no xn--skjk-soa.no skodje.no skanland.no xn--sknland-fxa.no skanit.no xn--sknit-yqa.no smola.no xn--smla-hra.no snillfjord.no snasa.no xn--snsa-roa.no snoasa.no snaase.no xn--snase-nra.no sogndal.no sokndal.no sola.no solund.no songdalen.no sortland.no spydeberg.no stange.no stavanger.no steigen.no steinkjer.no stjordal.no xn--stjrdal-s1a.no stokke.no stor-elvdal.no stord.no stordal.no storfjord.no omasvuotna.no strand.no stranda.no stryn.no sula.no suldal.no sund.no sunndal.no surnadal.no sveio.no svelvik.no sykkylven.no sogne.no xn--sgne-gra.no somna.no xn--smna-gra.no sondre-land.no xn--sndre-land-0cb.no sor-aurdal.no xn--sr-aurdal-l8a.no sor-fron.no xn--sr-fron-q1a.no sor-odal.no xn--sr-odal-q1a.no sor-varanger.no xn--sr-varanger-ggb.no matta-varjjat.no xn--mtta-vrjjat-k7af.no sorfold.no xn--srfold-bya.no sorreisa.no xn--srreisa-q1a.no sorum.no xn--srum-gra.no tana.no deatnu.no time.no tingvoll.no tinn.no tjeldsund.no dielddanuorri.no tjome.no xn--tjme-hra.no tokke.no tolga.no torsken.no tranoy.no xn--trany-yua.no tromso.no xn--troms-zua.no tromsa.no romsa.no trondheim.no troandin.no trysil.no trana.no xn--trna-woa.no trogstad.no xn--trgstad-r1a.no tvedestrand.no tydal.no tynset.no tysfjord.no divtasvuodna.no divttasvuotna.no tysnes.no tysvar.no xn--tysvr-vra.no tonsberg.no xn--tnsberg-q1a.no ullensaker.no ullensvang.no ulvik.no utsira.no vadso.no xn--vads-jra.no cahcesuolo.no xn--hcesuolo-7ya35b.no vaksdal.no valle.no vang.no vanylven.no vardo.no xn--vard-jra.no varggat.no xn--vrggt-xqad.no vefsn.no vaapste.no vega.no vegarshei.no xn--vegrshei-c0a.no vennesla.no verdal.no verran.no vestby.no vestnes.no vestre-slidre.no vestre-toten.no vestvagoy.no xn--vestvgy-ixa6o.no vevelstad.no vik.no vikna.no vindafjord.no volda.no voss.no varoy.no xn--vry-yla5g.no vagan.no xn--vgan-qoa.no voagat.no vagsoy.no xn--vgsy-qoa0j.no vaga.no xn--vg-yiab.no valer.ostfold.no xn--vler-qoa.xn--stfold-9xa.no valer.hedmark.no xn--vler-qoa.hedmark.no // np : http://www.mos.com.np/register.html .np // nr : http://cenpac.net.nr/dns/index.html // Submitted by registry <technician@cenpac.net.nr> nr biz.nr info.nr gov.nr edu.nr org.nr net.nr com.nr // nu : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.nu nu // nz : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.nz // Submitted by registry <jay@nzrs.net.nz> nz ac.nz co.nz cri.nz geek.nz gen.nz govt.nz health.nz iwi.nz kiwi.nz maori.nz mil.nz xn--mori-qsa.nz net.nz org.nz parliament.nz school.nz // om : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.om om co.om com.om edu.om gov.om med.om museum.om net.om org.om pro.om // onion : https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7686 onion // org : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.org org // pa : http://www.nic.pa/ // Some additional second level "domains" resolve directly as hostnames, such as // pannet.pa, so we add a rule for "pa". pa ac.pa gob.pa com.pa org.pa sld.pa edu.pa net.pa ing.pa abo.pa med.pa nom.pa // pe : https://www.nic.pe/InformeFinalComision.pdf pe edu.pe gob.pe nom.pe mil.pe org.pe com.pe net.pe // pf : http://www.gobin.info/domainname/formulaire-pf.pdf pf com.pf org.pf edu.pf // pg : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.pg .pg // ph : http://www.domains.ph/FAQ2.asp // Submitted by registry <jed@email.com.ph> ph com.ph net.ph org.ph gov.ph edu.ph ngo.ph mil.ph i.ph // pk : http://pk5.pknic.net.pk/pk5/msgNamepk.PK pk com.pk net.pk edu.pk org.pk fam.pk biz.pk web.pk gov.pk gob.pk gok.pk gon.pk gop.pk gos.pk info.pk // pl http://www.dns.pl/english/index.html // Submitted by registry pl com.pl net.pl org.pl // pl functional domains (http://www.dns.pl/english/index.html) aid.pl agro.pl atm.pl auto.pl biz.pl edu.pl gmina.pl gsm.pl info.pl mail.pl miasta.pl media.pl mil.pl nieruchomosci.pl nom.pl pc.pl powiat.pl priv.pl realestate.pl rel.pl sex.pl shop.pl sklep.pl sos.pl szkola.pl targi.pl tm.pl tourism.pl travel.pl turystyka.pl // Government domains gov.pl ap.gov.pl ic.gov.pl is.gov.pl us.gov.pl kmpsp.gov.pl kppsp.gov.pl kwpsp.gov.pl psp.gov.pl wskr.gov.pl kwp.gov.pl mw.gov.pl ug.gov.pl um.gov.pl umig.gov.pl ugim.gov.pl upow.gov.pl uw.gov.pl starostwo.gov.pl pa.gov.pl po.gov.pl psse.gov.pl pup.gov.pl rzgw.gov.pl sa.gov.pl so.gov.pl sr.gov.pl wsa.gov.pl sko.gov.pl uzs.gov.pl wiih.gov.pl winb.gov.pl pinb.gov.pl wios.gov.pl witd.gov.pl wzmiuw.gov.pl piw.gov.pl wiw.gov.pl griw.gov.pl wif.gov.pl oum.gov.pl sdn.gov.pl zp.gov.pl uppo.gov.pl mup.gov.pl wuoz.gov.pl konsulat.gov.pl oirm.gov.pl // pl regional domains (http://www.dns.pl/english/index.html) augustow.pl babia-gora.pl bedzin.pl beskidy.pl bialowieza.pl bialystok.pl bielawa.pl bieszczady.pl boleslawiec.pl bydgoszcz.pl bytom.pl cieszyn.pl czeladz.pl czest.pl dlugoleka.pl elblag.pl elk.pl glogow.pl gniezno.pl gorlice.pl grajewo.pl ilawa.pl jaworzno.pl jelenia-gora.pl jgora.pl kalisz.pl kazimierz-dolny.pl karpacz.pl kartuzy.pl kaszuby.pl katowice.pl kepno.pl ketrzyn.pl klodzko.pl kobierzyce.pl kolobrzeg.pl konin.pl konskowola.pl kutno.pl lapy.pl lebork.pl legnica.pl lezajsk.pl limanowa.pl lomza.pl lowicz.pl lubin.pl lukow.pl malbork.pl malopolska.pl mazowsze.pl mazury.pl mielec.pl mielno.pl mragowo.pl naklo.pl nowaruda.pl nysa.pl olawa.pl olecko.pl olkusz.pl olsztyn.pl opoczno.pl opole.pl ostroda.pl ostroleka.pl ostrowiec.pl ostrowwlkp.pl pila.pl pisz.pl podhale.pl podlasie.pl polkowice.pl pomorze.pl pomorskie.pl prochowice.pl pruszkow.pl przeworsk.pl pulawy.pl radom.pl rawa-maz.pl rybnik.pl rzeszow.pl sanok.pl sejny.pl slask.pl slupsk.pl sosnowiec.pl stalowa-wola.pl skoczow.pl starachowice.pl stargard.pl suwalki.pl swidnica.pl swiebodzin.pl swinoujscie.pl szczecin.pl szczytno.pl tarnobrzeg.pl tgory.pl turek.pl tychy.pl ustka.pl walbrzych.pl warmia.pl warszawa.pl waw.pl wegrow.pl wielun.pl wlocl.pl wloclawek.pl wodzislaw.pl wolomin.pl wroclaw.pl zachpomor.pl zagan.pl zarow.pl zgora.pl zgorzelec.pl // pm : http://www.afnic.fr/medias/documents/AFNIC-naming-policy2012.pdf pm // pn : http://www.government.pn/PnRegistry/policies.htm pn gov.pn co.pn org.pn edu.pn net.pn // post : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.post post // pr : http://www.nic.pr/index.asp?f=1 pr com.pr net.pr org.pr gov.pr edu.pr isla.pr pro.pr biz.pr info.pr name.pr // these aren't mentioned on nic.pr, but on https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.pr est.pr prof.pr ac.pr // pro : http://registry.pro/get-pro pro aaa.pro aca.pro acct.pro avocat.pro bar.pro cpa.pro eng.pro jur.pro law.pro med.pro recht.pro // ps : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ps // http://www.nic.ps/registration/policy.html#reg ps edu.ps gov.ps sec.ps plo.ps com.ps org.ps net.ps // pt : http://online.dns.pt/dns/start_dns pt net.pt gov.pt org.pt edu.pt int.pt publ.pt com.pt nome.pt // pw : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.pw pw co.pw ne.pw or.pw ed.pw go.pw belau.pw // py : http://www.nic.py/pautas.html#seccion_9 // Submitted by registry py com.py coop.py edu.py gov.py mil.py net.py org.py // qa : http://domains.qa/en/ qa com.qa edu.qa gov.qa mil.qa name.qa net.qa org.qa sch.qa // re : http://www.afnic.re/obtenir/chartes/nommage-re/annexe-descriptifs re asso.re com.re nom.re // ro : http://www.rotld.ro/ ro arts.ro com.ro firm.ro info.ro nom.ro nt.ro org.ro rec.ro store.ro tm.ro www.ro // rs : https://www.rnids.rs/en/domains/national-domains rs ac.rs co.rs edu.rs gov.rs in.rs org.rs // ru : https://cctld.ru/files/pdf/docs/en/rules_ru-rf.pdf // Submitted by George Georgievsky <gug@cctld.ru> ru // rw : https://www.ricta.org.rw/sites/default/files/resources/registry_registrar_contract_0.pdf rw ac.rw co.rw coop.rw gov.rw mil.rw net.rw org.rw // sa : http://www.nic.net.sa/ sa com.sa net.sa org.sa gov.sa med.sa pub.sa edu.sa sch.sa // sb : http://www.sbnic.net.sb/ // Submitted by registry <lee.humphries@telekom.com.sb> sb com.sb edu.sb gov.sb net.sb org.sb // sc : http://www.nic.sc/ sc com.sc gov.sc net.sc org.sc edu.sc // sd : http://www.isoc.sd/sudanic.isoc.sd/billing_pricing.htm // Submitted by registry <admin@isoc.sd> sd com.sd net.sd org.sd edu.sd med.sd tv.sd gov.sd info.sd // se : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.se // Submitted by registry <patrik.wallstrom@iis.se> se a.se ac.se b.se bd.se brand.se c.se d.se e.se f.se fh.se fhsk.se fhv.se g.se h.se i.se k.se komforb.se kommunalforbund.se komvux.se l.se lanbib.se m.se n.se naturbruksgymn.se o.se org.se p.se parti.se pp.se press.se r.se s.se t.se tm.se u.se w.se x.se y.se z.se // sg : http://www.nic.net.sg/page/registration-policies-procedures-and-guidelines sg com.sg net.sg org.sg gov.sg edu.sg per.sg // sh : http://www.nic.sh/registrar.html sh com.sh net.sh gov.sh org.sh mil.sh // si : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.si si // sj : No registrations at this time. // Submitted by registry <jarle@uninett.no> sj // sk : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.sk // list of 2nd level domains ? sk // sl : http://www.nic.sl // Submitted by registry <adam@neoip.com> sl com.sl net.sl edu.sl gov.sl org.sl // sm : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.sm sm // sn : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.sn sn art.sn com.sn edu.sn gouv.sn org.sn perso.sn univ.sn // so : http://sonic.so/policies/ so com.so edu.so gov.so me.so net.so org.so // sr : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.sr sr // ss : https://registry.nic.ss/ // Submitted by registry <technical@nic.ss> ss biz.ss com.ss edu.ss gov.ss me.ss net.ss org.ss sch.ss // st : http://www.nic.st/html/policyrules/ st co.st com.st consulado.st edu.st embaixada.st mil.st net.st org.st principe.st saotome.st store.st // su : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.su su // sv : http://www.svnet.org.sv/niveldos.pdf sv com.sv edu.sv gob.sv org.sv red.sv // sx : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.sx // Submitted by registry <jcvignes@openregistry.com> sx gov.sx // sy : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.sy // see also: http://www.gobin.info/domainname/sy.doc sy edu.sy gov.sy net.sy mil.sy com.sy org.sy // sz : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.sz // http://www.sispa.org.sz/ sz co.sz ac.sz org.sz // tc : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.tc tc // td : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.td td // tel: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.tel // http://www.telnic.org/ tel // tf : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.tf tf // tg : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.tg // http://www.nic.tg/ tg // th : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.th // Submitted by registry <krit@thains.co.th> th ac.th co.th go.th in.th mi.th net.th or.th // tj : http://www.nic.tj/policy.html tj ac.tj biz.tj co.tj com.tj edu.tj go.tj gov.tj int.tj mil.tj name.tj net.tj nic.tj org.tj test.tj web.tj // tk : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.tk tk // tl : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.tl tl gov.tl // tm : http://www.nic.tm/local.html tm com.tm co.tm org.tm net.tm nom.tm gov.tm mil.tm edu.tm // tn : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.tn // http://whois.ati.tn/ tn com.tn ens.tn fin.tn gov.tn ind.tn intl.tn nat.tn net.tn org.tn info.tn perso.tn tourism.tn edunet.tn rnrt.tn rns.tn rnu.tn mincom.tn agrinet.tn defense.tn turen.tn // to : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.to // Submitted by registry <egullich@colo.to> to com.to gov.to net.to org.to edu.to mil.to // tr : https://nic.tr/ // https://nic.tr/forms/eng/policies.pdf // https://nic.tr/index.php?USRACTN=PRICELST tr av.tr bbs.tr bel.tr biz.tr com.tr dr.tr edu.tr gen.tr gov.tr info.tr mil.tr k12.tr kep.tr name.tr net.tr org.tr pol.tr tel.tr tsk.tr tv.tr web.tr // Used by Northern Cyprus nc.tr // Used by government agencies of Northern Cyprus gov.nc.tr // tt : http://www.nic.tt/ tt co.tt com.tt org.tt net.tt biz.tt info.tt pro.tt int.tt coop.tt jobs.tt mobi.tt travel.tt museum.tt aero.tt name.tt gov.tt edu.tt // tv : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.tv // Not listing any 2LDs as reserved since none seem to exist in practice, // Wikipedia notwithstanding. tv // tw : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.tw tw edu.tw gov.tw mil.tw com.tw net.tw org.tw idv.tw game.tw ebiz.tw club.tw xn--zf0ao64a.tw xn--uc0atv.tw xn--czrw28b.tw // tz : http://www.tznic.or.tz/index.php/domains // Submitted by registry <manager@tznic.or.tz> tz ac.tz co.tz go.tz hotel.tz info.tz me.tz mil.tz mobi.tz ne.tz or.tz sc.tz tv.tz // ua : https://hostmaster.ua/policy/?ua // Submitted by registry <dk@cctld.ua> ua // ua 2LD com.ua edu.ua gov.ua in.ua net.ua org.ua // ua geographic names // https://hostmaster.ua/2ld/ cherkassy.ua cherkasy.ua chernigov.ua chernihiv.ua chernivtsi.ua chernovtsy.ua ck.ua cn.ua cr.ua crimea.ua cv.ua dn.ua dnepropetrovsk.ua dnipropetrovsk.ua donetsk.ua dp.ua if.ua ivano-frankivsk.ua kh.ua kharkiv.ua kharkov.ua kherson.ua khmelnitskiy.ua khmelnytskyi.ua kiev.ua kirovograd.ua km.ua kr.ua krym.ua ks.ua kv.ua kyiv.ua lg.ua lt.ua lugansk.ua lutsk.ua lv.ua lviv.ua mk.ua mykolaiv.ua nikolaev.ua od.ua odesa.ua odessa.ua pl.ua poltava.ua rivne.ua rovno.ua rv.ua sb.ua sebastopol.ua sevastopol.ua sm.ua sumy.ua te.ua ternopil.ua uz.ua uzhgorod.ua vinnica.ua vinnytsia.ua vn.ua volyn.ua yalta.ua zaporizhzhe.ua zaporizhzhia.ua zhitomir.ua zhytomyr.ua zp.ua zt.ua // ug : https://www.registry.co.ug/ ug co.ug or.ug ac.ug sc.ug go.ug ne.ug com.ug org.ug // uk : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.uk // Submitted by registry <Michael.Daly@nominet.org.uk> uk ac.uk co.uk gov.uk ltd.uk me.uk net.uk nhs.uk org.uk plc.uk police.uk .sch.uk // us : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.us us dni.us fed.us isa.us kids.us nsn.us // us geographic names ak.us al.us ar.us as.us az.us ca.us co.us ct.us dc.us de.us fl.us ga.us gu.us hi.us ia.us id.us il.us in.us ks.us ky.us la.us ma.us md.us me.us mi.us mn.us mo.us ms.us mt.us nc.us nd.us ne.us nh.us nj.us nm.us nv.us ny.us oh.us ok.us or.us pa.us pr.us ri.us sc.us sd.us tn.us tx.us ut.us vi.us vt.us va.us wa.us wi.us wv.us wy.us // The registrar notes several more specific domains available in each state, // such as state..us, dst..us, etc., but resolution of these is somewhat // haphazard; in some states these domains resolve as addresses, while in others // only subdomains are available, or even nothing at all. We include the // most common ones where it's clear that different sites are different // entities. k12.ak.us k12.al.us k12.ar.us k12.as.us k12.az.us k12.ca.us k12.co.us k12.ct.us k12.dc.us k12.de.us k12.fl.us k12.ga.us k12.gu.us // k12.hi.us Bug 614565 - Hawaii has a state-wide DOE login k12.ia.us k12.id.us k12.il.us k12.in.us k12.ks.us k12.ky.us k12.la.us k12.ma.us k12.md.us k12.me.us k12.mi.us k12.mn.us k12.mo.us k12.ms.us k12.mt.us k12.nc.us // k12.nd.us Bug 1028347 - Removed at request of Travis Rosso <trossow@nd.gov> k12.ne.us k12.nh.us k12.nj.us k12.nm.us k12.nv.us k12.ny.us k12.oh.us k12.ok.us k12.or.us k12.pa.us k12.pr.us // k12.ri.us Removed at request of Kim Cournoyer <netsupport@staff.ri.net> k12.sc.us // k12.sd.us Bug 934131 - Removed at request of James Booze <James.Booze@k12.sd.us> k12.tn.us k12.tx.us k12.ut.us k12.vi.us k12.vt.us k12.va.us k12.wa.us k12.wi.us // k12.wv.us Bug 947705 - Removed at request of Verne Britton <verne@wvnet.edu> k12.wy.us cc.ak.us cc.al.us cc.ar.us cc.as.us cc.az.us cc.ca.us cc.co.us cc.ct.us cc.dc.us cc.de.us cc.fl.us cc.ga.us cc.gu.us cc.hi.us cc.ia.us cc.id.us cc.il.us cc.in.us cc.ks.us cc.ky.us cc.la.us cc.ma.us cc.md.us cc.me.us cc.mi.us cc.mn.us cc.mo.us cc.ms.us cc.mt.us cc.nc.us cc.nd.us cc.ne.us cc.nh.us cc.nj.us cc.nm.us cc.nv.us cc.ny.us cc.oh.us cc.ok.us cc.or.us cc.pa.us cc.pr.us cc.ri.us cc.sc.us cc.sd.us cc.tn.us cc.tx.us cc.ut.us cc.vi.us cc.vt.us cc.va.us cc.wa.us cc.wi.us cc.wv.us cc.wy.us lib.ak.us lib.al.us lib.ar.us lib.as.us lib.az.us lib.ca.us lib.co.us lib.ct.us lib.dc.us // lib.de.us Issue #243 - Moved to Private section at request of Ed Moore <Ed.Moore@lib.de.us> lib.fl.us lib.ga.us lib.gu.us lib.hi.us lib.ia.us lib.id.us lib.il.us lib.in.us lib.ks.us lib.ky.us lib.la.us lib.ma.us lib.md.us lib.me.us lib.mi.us lib.mn.us lib.mo.us lib.ms.us lib.mt.us lib.nc.us lib.nd.us lib.ne.us lib.nh.us lib.nj.us lib.nm.us lib.nv.us lib.ny.us lib.oh.us lib.ok.us lib.or.us lib.pa.us lib.pr.us lib.ri.us lib.sc.us lib.sd.us lib.tn.us lib.tx.us lib.ut.us lib.vi.us lib.vt.us lib.va.us lib.wa.us lib.wi.us // lib.wv.us Bug 941670 - Removed at request of Larry W Arnold <arnold@wvlc.lib.wv.us> lib.wy.us // k12.ma.us contains school districts in Massachusetts. The 4LDs are // managed independently except for private (PVT), charter (CHTR) and // parochial (PAROCH) schools. Those are delegated directly to the // 5LD operators. <k12-ma-hostmaster _ at _ rsuc.gweep.net> pvt.k12.ma.us chtr.k12.ma.us paroch.k12.ma.us // Merit Network, Inc. maintains the registry for =~ /(k12\|cc\|lib).mi.us/ and the following // see also: http://domreg.merit.edu // see also: whois -h whois.domreg.merit.edu help ann-arbor.mi.us cog.mi.us dst.mi.us eaton.mi.us gen.mi.us mus.mi.us tec.mi.us washtenaw.mi.us // uy : http://www.nic.org.uy/ uy com.uy edu.uy gub.uy mil.uy net.uy org.uy // uz : http://www.reg.uz/ uz co.uz com.uz net.uz org.uz // va : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.va va // vc : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.vc // Submitted by registry <kshah@ca.afilias.info> vc com.vc net.vc org.vc gov.vc mil.vc edu.vc // ve : https://registro.nic.ve/ // Submitted by registry ve arts.ve co.ve com.ve e12.ve edu.ve firm.ve gob.ve gov.ve info.ve int.ve mil.ve net.ve org.ve rec.ve store.ve tec.ve web.ve // vg : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.vg vg // vi : http://www.nic.vi/newdomainform.htm // http://www.nic.vi/Domain_Rules/body_domain_rules.html indicates some other // TLDs are "reserved", such as edu.vi and gov.vi, but doesn't actually say they // are available for registration (which they do not seem to be). vi co.vi com.vi k12.vi net.vi org.vi // vn : https://www.dot.vn/vnnic/vnnic/domainregistration.jsp vn com.vn net.vn org.vn edu.vn gov.vn int.vn ac.vn biz.vn info.vn name.vn pro.vn health.vn // vu : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.vu // http://www.vunic.vu/ vu com.vu edu.vu net.vu org.vu // wf : http://www.afnic.fr/medias/documents/AFNIC-naming-policy2012.pdf wf // ws : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.ws // http://samoanic.ws/index.dhtml ws com.ws net.ws org.ws gov.ws edu.ws // yt : http://www.afnic.fr/medias/documents/AFNIC-naming-policy2012.pdf yt // IDN ccTLDs // When submitting patches, please maintain a sort by ISO 3166 ccTLD, then // U-label, and follow this format: // // A-Label ("<Latin renderings>", <language name>[, variant info]) : <ISO 3166 ccTLD> // // [sponsoring org] // U-Label // xn--mgbaam7a8h ("Emerat", Arabic) : AE // http://nic.ae/english/arabicdomain/rules.jsp xn--mgbaam7a8h // xn--y9a3aq ("hye", Armenian) : AM // ISOC AM (operated by .am Registry) xn--y9a3aq // xn--54b7fta0cc ("Bangla", Bangla) : BD xn--54b7fta0cc // xn--90ae ("bg", Bulgarian) : BG xn--90ae // xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a ("albahrain", Arabic) : BH xn--mgbcpq6gpa1a // xn--90ais ("bel", Belarusian/Russian Cyrillic) : BY // Operated by .by registry xn--90ais // xn--fiqs8s ("Zhongguo/China", Chinese, Simplified) : CN // CNNIC // http://cnnic.cn/html/Dir/2005/10/11/3218.htm xn--fiqs8s // xn--fiqz9s ("Zhongguo/China", Chinese, Traditional) : CN // CNNIC // http://cnnic.cn/html/Dir/2005/10/11/3218.htm xn--fiqz9s // xn--lgbbat1ad8j ("Algeria/Al Jazair", Arabic) : DZ xn--lgbbat1ad8j // xn--wgbh1c ("Egypt/Masr", Arabic) : EG // http://www.dotmasr.eg/ xn--wgbh1c // xn--e1a4c ("eu", Cyrillic) : EU // https://eurid.eu xn--e1a4c // xn--qxa6a ("eu", Greek) : EU // https://eurid.eu xn--qxa6a // xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd ("Mauritania", Arabic) : MR xn--mgbah1a3hjkrd // xn--node ("ge", Georgian Mkhedruli) : GE xn--node // xn--qxam ("el", Greek) : GR // Hellenic Ministry of Infrastructure, Transport, and Networks xn--qxam // xn--j6w193g ("Hong Kong", Chinese) : HK // https://www.hkirc.hk // Submitted by registry <hk.tech@hkirc.hk> // https://www.hkirc.hk/content.jsp?id=30#!/34 xn--j6w193g xn--55qx5d.xn--j6w193g xn--wcvs22d.xn--j6w193g xn--mxtq1m.xn--j6w193g xn--gmqw5a.xn--j6w193g xn--od0alg.xn--j6w193g xn--uc0atv.xn--j6w193g // xn--2scrj9c ("Bharat", Kannada) : IN // India xn--2scrj9c // xn--3hcrj9c ("Bharat", Oriya) : IN // India xn--3hcrj9c // xn--45br5cyl ("Bharatam", Assamese) : IN // India xn--45br5cyl // xn--h2breg3eve ("Bharatam", Sanskrit) : IN // India xn--h2breg3eve // xn--h2brj9c8c ("Bharot", Santali) : IN // India xn--h2brj9c8c // xn--mgbgu82a ("Bharat", Sindhi) : IN // India xn--mgbgu82a // xn--rvc1e0am3e ("Bharatam", Malayalam) : IN // India xn--rvc1e0am3e // xn--h2brj9c ("Bharat", Devanagari) : IN // India xn--h2brj9c // xn--mgbbh1a ("Bharat", Kashmiri) : IN // India xn--mgbbh1a // xn--mgbbh1a71e ("Bharat", Arabic) : IN // India xn--mgbbh1a71e // xn--fpcrj9c3d ("Bharat", Telugu) : IN // India xn--fpcrj9c3d // xn--gecrj9c ("Bharat", Gujarati) : IN // India xn--gecrj9c // xn--s9brj9c ("Bharat", Gurmukhi) : IN // India xn--s9brj9c // xn--45brj9c ("Bharat", Bengali) : IN // India xn--45brj9c // xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h ("India", Tamil) : IN // India xn--xkc2dl3a5ee0h // xn--mgba3a4f16a ("Iran", Persian) : IR xn--mgba3a4f16a // xn--mgba3a4fra ("Iran", Arabic) : IR xn--mgba3a4fra // xn--mgbtx2b ("Iraq", Arabic) : IQ // Communications and Media Commission xn--mgbtx2b // xn--mgbayh7gpa ("al-Ordon", Arabic) : JO // National Information Technology Center (NITC) // Royal Scientific Society, Al-Jubeiha xn--mgbayh7gpa // xn--3e0b707e ("Republic of Korea", Hangul) : KR xn--3e0b707e // xn--80ao21a ("Kaz", Kazakh) : KZ xn--80ao21a // xn--q7ce6a ("Lao", Lao) : LA xn--q7ce6a // xn--fzc2c9e2c ("Lanka", Sinhalese-Sinhala) : LK // https://nic.lk xn--fzc2c9e2c // xn--xkc2al3hye2a ("Ilangai", Tamil) : LK // https://nic.lk xn--xkc2al3hye2a // xn--mgbc0a9azcg ("Morocco/al-Maghrib", Arabic) : MA xn--mgbc0a9azcg // xn--d1alf ("mkd", Macedonian) : MK // MARnet xn--d1alf // xn--l1acc ("mon", Mongolian) : MN xn--l1acc // xn--mix891f ("Macao", Chinese, Traditional) : MO // MONIC / HNET Asia (Registry Operator for .mo) xn--mix891f // xn--mix082f ("Macao", Chinese, Simplified) : MO xn--mix082f // xn--mgbx4cd0ab ("Malaysia", Malay) : MY xn--mgbx4cd0ab // xn--mgb9awbf ("Oman", Arabic) : OM xn--mgb9awbf // xn--mgbai9azgqp6j ("Pakistan", Urdu/Arabic) : PK xn--mgbai9azgqp6j // xn--mgbai9a5eva00b ("Pakistan", Urdu/Arabic, variant) : PK xn--mgbai9a5eva00b // xn--ygbi2ammx ("Falasteen", Arabic) : PS // The Palestinian National Internet Naming Authority (PNINA) // http://www.pnina.ps xn--ygbi2ammx // xn--90a3ac ("srb", Cyrillic) : RS // https://www.rnids.rs/en/domains/national-domains xn--90a3ac xn--o1ac.xn--90a3ac xn--c1avg.xn--90a3ac xn--90azh.xn--90a3ac xn--d1at.xn--90a3ac xn--o1ach.xn--90a3ac xn--80au.xn--90a3ac // xn--p1ai ("rf", Russian-Cyrillic) : RU // https://cctld.ru/files/pdf/docs/en/rules_ru-rf.pdf // Submitted by George Georgievsky <gug@cctld.ru> xn--p1ai // xn--wgbl6a ("Qatar", Arabic) : QA // http://www.ict.gov.qa/ xn--wgbl6a // xn--mgberp4a5d4ar ("AlSaudiah", Arabic) : SA // http://www.nic.net.sa/ xn--mgberp4a5d4ar // xn--mgberp4a5d4a87g ("AlSaudiah", Arabic, variant) : SA xn--mgberp4a5d4a87g // xn--mgbqly7c0a67fbc ("AlSaudiah", Arabic, variant) : SA xn--mgbqly7c0a67fbc // xn--mgbqly7cvafr ("AlSaudiah", Arabic, variant) : SA xn--mgbqly7cvafr // xn--mgbpl2fh ("sudan", Arabic) : SD // Operated by .sd registry xn--mgbpl2fh // xn--yfro4i67o Singapore ("Singapore", Chinese) : SG xn--yfro4i67o // xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd ("Singapore", Tamil) : SG xn--clchc0ea0b2g2a9gcd // xn--ogbpf8fl ("Syria", Arabic) : SY xn--ogbpf8fl // xn--mgbtf8fl ("Syria", Arabic, variant) : SY xn--mgbtf8fl // xn--o3cw4h ("Thai", Thai) : TH // http://www.thnic.co.th xn--o3cw4h xn--12c1fe0br.xn--o3cw4h xn--12co0c3b4eva.xn--o3cw4h xn--h3cuzk1di.xn--o3cw4h xn--o3cyx2a.xn--o3cw4h xn--m3ch0j3a.xn--o3cw4h xn--12cfi8ixb8l.xn--o3cw4h // xn--pgbs0dh ("Tunisia", Arabic) : TN // http://nic.tn xn--pgbs0dh // xn--kpry57d ("Taiwan", Chinese, Traditional) : TW // http://www.twnic.net/english/dn/dn_07a.htm xn--kpry57d // xn--kprw13d ("Taiwan", Chinese, Simplified) : TW // http://www.twnic.net/english/dn/dn_07a.htm xn--kprw13d // xn--nnx388a ("Taiwan", Chinese, variant) : TW xn--nnx388a // xn--j1amh ("ukr", Cyrillic) : UA xn--j1amh // xn--mgb2ddes ("AlYemen", Arabic) : YE xn--mgb2ddes // xxx : http://icmregistry.com xxx // ye : http://www.y.net.ye/services/domain_name.htm ye com.ye edu.ye gov.ye net.ye mil.ye org.ye // za : https://www.zadna.org.za/content/page/domain-information/ ac.za agric.za alt.za co.za edu.za gov.za grondar.za law.za mil.za net.za ngo.za nic.za nis.za nom.za org.za school.za tm.za web.za // zm : https://zicta.zm/ // Submitted by registry <info@zicta.zm> zm ac.zm biz.zm co.zm com.zm edu.zm gov.zm info.zm mil.zm net.zm org.zm sch.zm // zw : https://www.potraz.gov.zw/ // Confirmed by registry <bmtengwa@potraz.gov.zw> 2017-01-25 zw ac.zw co.zw gov.zw mil.zw org.zw // newGTLDs // List of new gTLDs imported from https://www.icann.org/resources/registries/gtlds/v2/gtlds.json on 2021-08-05T15:14:20Z // This list is auto-generated, don't edit it manually. // aaa : 2015-02-26 American Automobile Association, Inc. aaa // aarp : 2015-05-21 AARP aarp // abarth : 2015-07-30 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. abarth // abb : 2014-10-24 ABB Ltd abb // abbott : 2014-07-24 Abbott Laboratories, Inc. abbott // abbvie : 2015-07-30 AbbVie Inc. abbvie // abc : 2015-07-30 Disney Enterprises, Inc. abc // able : 2015-06-25 Able Inc. able // abogado : 2014-04-24 Registry Services, LLC abogado // abudhabi : 2015-07-30 Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre abudhabi // academy : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC academy // accenture : 2014-08-15 Accenture plc accenture // accountant : 2014-11-20 dot Accountant Limited accountant // accountants : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC accountants // aco : 2015-01-08 ACO Severin Ahlmann GmbH & Co. KG aco // actor : 2013-12-12 Dog Beach, LLC actor // adac : 2015-07-16 Allgemeiner Deutscher Automobil-Club e.V. (ADAC) adac // ads : 2014-12-04 Charleston Road Registry Inc. ads // adult : 2014-10-16 ICM Registry AD LLC adult // aeg : 2015-03-19 Aktiebolaget Electrolux aeg // aetna : 2015-05-21 Aetna Life Insurance Company aetna // afamilycompany : 2015-07-23 Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. afamilycompany // afl : 2014-10-02 Australian Football League afl // africa : 2014-03-24 ZA Central Registry NPC trading as Registry.Africa africa // agakhan : 2015-04-23 Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) agakhan // agency : 2013-11-14 Binky Moon, LLC agency // aig : 2014-12-18 American International Group, Inc. aig // airbus : 2015-07-30 Airbus S.A.S. airbus // airforce : 2014-03-06 Dog Beach, LLC airforce // airtel : 2014-10-24 Bharti Airtel Limited airtel // akdn : 2015-04-23 Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) akdn // alfaromeo : 2015-07-31 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. alfaromeo // alibaba : 2015-01-15 Alibaba Group Holding Limited alibaba // alipay : 2015-01-15 Alibaba Group Holding Limited alipay // allfinanz : 2014-07-03 Allfinanz Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft allfinanz // allstate : 2015-07-31 Allstate Fire and Casualty Insurance Company allstate // ally : 2015-06-18 Ally Financial Inc. ally // alsace : 2014-07-02 Region Grand Est alsace // alstom : 2015-07-30 ALSTOM alstom // amazon : 2019-12-19 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. amazon // americanexpress : 2015-07-31 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. americanexpress // americanfamily : 2015-07-23 AmFam, Inc. americanfamily // amex : 2015-07-31 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. amex // amfam : 2015-07-23 AmFam, Inc. amfam // amica : 2015-05-28 Amica Mutual Insurance Company amica // amsterdam : 2014-07-24 Gemeente Amsterdam amsterdam // analytics : 2014-12-18 Campus IP LLC analytics // android : 2014-08-07 Charleston Road Registry Inc. android // anquan : 2015-01-08 Beijing Qihu Keji Co., Ltd. anquan // anz : 2015-07-31 Australia and New Zealand Banking Group Limited anz // aol : 2015-09-17 Oath Inc. aol // apartments : 2014-12-11 Binky Moon, LLC apartments // app : 2015-05-14 Charleston Road Registry Inc. app // apple : 2015-05-14 Apple Inc. apple // aquarelle : 2014-07-24 Aquarelle.com aquarelle // arab : 2015-11-12 League of Arab States arab // aramco : 2014-11-20 Aramco Services Company aramco // archi : 2014-02-06 Afilias Limited archi // army : 2014-03-06 Dog Beach, LLC army // art : 2016-03-24 UK Creative Ideas Limited art // arte : 2014-12-11 Association Relative à la Télévision Européenne G.E.I.E. arte // asda : 2015-07-31 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. asda // associates : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC associates // athleta : 2015-07-30 The Gap, Inc. athleta // attorney : 2014-03-20 Dog Beach, LLC attorney // auction : 2014-03-20 Dog Beach, LLC auction // audi : 2015-05-21 AUDI Aktiengesellschaft audi // audible : 2015-06-25 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. audible // audio : 2014-03-20 UNR Corp. audio // auspost : 2015-08-13 Australian Postal Corporation auspost // author : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. author // auto : 2014-11-13 XYZ.COM LLC auto // autos : 2014-01-09 XYZ.COM LLC autos // avianca : 2015-01-08 Avianca Holdings S.A. avianca // aws : 2015-06-25 AWS Registry LLC aws // axa : 2013-12-19 AXA Group Operations SAS axa // azure : 2014-12-18 Microsoft Corporation azure // baby : 2015-04-09 XYZ.COM LLC baby // baidu : 2015-01-08 Baidu, Inc. baidu // banamex : 2015-07-30 Citigroup Inc. banamex // bananarepublic : 2015-07-31 The Gap, Inc. bananarepublic // band : 2014-06-12 Dog Beach, LLC band // bank : 2014-09-25 fTLD Registry Services LLC bank // bar : 2013-12-12 Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable bar // barcelona : 2014-07-24 Municipi de Barcelona barcelona // barclaycard : 2014-11-20 Barclays Bank PLC barclaycard // barclays : 2014-11-20 Barclays Bank PLC barclays // barefoot : 2015-06-11 Gallo Vineyards, Inc. barefoot // bargains : 2013-11-14 Binky Moon, LLC bargains // baseball : 2015-10-29 MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC baseball // basketball : 2015-08-20 Fédération Internationale de Basketball (FIBA) basketball // bauhaus : 2014-04-17 Werkhaus GmbH bauhaus // bayern : 2014-01-23 Bayern Connect GmbH bayern // bbc : 2014-12-18 British Broadcasting Corporation bbc // bbt : 2015-07-23 BB&T Corporation bbt // bbva : 2014-10-02 BANCO BILBAO VIZCAYA ARGENTARIA, S.A. bbva // bcg : 2015-04-02 The Boston Consulting Group, Inc. bcg // bcn : 2014-07-24 Municipi de Barcelona bcn // beats : 2015-05-14 Beats Electronics, LLC beats // beauty : 2015-12-03 XYZ.COM LLC beauty // beer : 2014-01-09 Registry Services, LLC beer // bentley : 2014-12-18 Bentley Motors Limited bentley // berlin : 2013-10-31 dotBERLIN GmbH & Co. KG berlin // best : 2013-12-19 BestTLD Pty Ltd best // bestbuy : 2015-07-31 BBY Solutions, Inc. bestbuy // bet : 2015-05-07 Afilias Limited bet // bharti : 2014-01-09 Bharti Enterprises (Holding) Private Limited bharti // bible : 2014-06-19 American Bible Society bible // bid : 2013-12-19 dot Bid Limited bid // bike : 2013-08-27 Binky Moon, LLC bike // bing : 2014-12-18 Microsoft Corporation bing // bingo : 2014-12-04 Binky Moon, LLC bingo // bio : 2014-03-06 Afilias Limited bio // black : 2014-01-16 Afilias Limited black // blackfriday : 2014-01-16 UNR Corp. blackfriday // blockbuster : 2015-07-30 Dish DBS Corporation blockbuster // blog : 2015-05-14 Knock Knock WHOIS There, LLC blog // bloomberg : 2014-07-17 Bloomberg IP Holdings LLC bloomberg // blue : 2013-11-07 Afilias Limited blue // bms : 2014-10-30 Bristol-Myers Squibb Company bms // bmw : 2014-01-09 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft bmw // bnpparibas : 2014-05-29 BNP Paribas bnpparibas // boats : 2014-12-04 XYZ.COM LLC boats // boehringer : 2015-07-09 Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH boehringer // bofa : 2015-07-31 Bank of America Corporation bofa // bom : 2014-10-16 Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br bom // bond : 2014-06-05 ShortDot SA bond // boo : 2014-01-30 Charleston Road Registry Inc. boo // book : 2015-08-27 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. book // booking : 2015-07-16 Booking.com B.V. booking // bosch : 2015-06-18 Robert Bosch GMBH bosch // bostik : 2015-05-28 Bostik SA bostik // boston : 2015-12-10 Boston TLD Management, LLC boston // bot : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. bot // boutique : 2013-11-14 Binky Moon, LLC boutique // box : 2015-11-12 Intercap Registry Inc. box // bradesco : 2014-12-18 Banco Bradesco S.A. bradesco // bridgestone : 2014-12-18 Bridgestone Corporation bridgestone // broadway : 2014-12-22 Celebrate Broadway, Inc. broadway // broker : 2014-12-11 Dog Beach, LLC broker // brother : 2015-01-29 Brother Industries, Ltd. brother // brussels : 2014-02-06 DNS.be vzw brussels // budapest : 2013-11-21 Minds + Machines Group Limited budapest // bugatti : 2015-07-23 Bugatti International SA bugatti // build : 2013-11-07 Plan Bee LLC build // builders : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC builders // business : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC business // buy : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. buy // buzz : 2013-10-02 DOTSTRATEGY CO. buzz // bzh : 2014-02-27 Association www.bzh bzh // cab : 2013-10-24 Binky Moon, LLC cab // cafe : 2015-02-11 Binky Moon, LLC cafe // cal : 2014-07-24 Charleston Road Registry Inc. cal // call : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. call // calvinklein : 2015-07-30 PVH gTLD Holdings LLC calvinklein // cam : 2016-04-21 AC Webconnecting Holding B.V. cam // camera : 2013-08-27 Binky Moon, LLC camera // camp : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC camp // cancerresearch : 2014-05-15 Australian Cancer Research Foundation cancerresearch // canon : 2014-09-12 Canon Inc. canon // capetown : 2014-03-24 ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry capetown // capital : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC capital // capitalone : 2015-08-06 Capital One Financial Corporation capitalone // car : 2015-01-22 XYZ.COM LLC car // caravan : 2013-12-12 Caravan International, Inc. caravan // cards : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC cards // care : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC care // career : 2013-10-09 dotCareer LLC career // careers : 2013-10-02 Binky Moon, LLC careers // cars : 2014-11-13 XYZ.COM LLC cars // casa : 2013-11-21 Registry Services, LLC casa // case : 2015-09-03 CNH Industrial N.V. case // cash : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC cash // casino : 2014-12-18 Binky Moon, LLC casino // catering : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC catering // catholic : 2015-10-21 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) catholic // cba : 2014-06-26 COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA cba // cbn : 2014-08-22 The Christian Broadcasting Network, Inc. cbn // cbre : 2015-07-02 CBRE, Inc. cbre // cbs : 2015-08-06 CBS Domains Inc. cbs // center : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC center // ceo : 2013-11-07 CEOTLD Pty Ltd ceo // cern : 2014-06-05 European Organization for Nuclear Research ("CERN") cern // cfa : 2014-08-28 CFA Institute cfa // cfd : 2014-12-11 ShortDot SA cfd // chanel : 2015-04-09 Chanel International B.V. chanel // channel : 2014-05-08 Charleston Road Registry Inc. channel // charity : 2018-04-11 Binky Moon, LLC charity // chase : 2015-04-30 JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association chase // chat : 2014-12-04 Binky Moon, LLC chat // cheap : 2013-11-14 Binky Moon, LLC cheap // chintai : 2015-06-11 CHINTAI Corporation chintai // christmas : 2013-11-21 UNR Corp. christmas // chrome : 2014-07-24 Charleston Road Registry Inc. chrome // church : 2014-02-06 Binky Moon, LLC church // cipriani : 2015-02-19 Hotel Cipriani Srl cipriani // circle : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. circle // cisco : 2014-12-22 Cisco Technology, Inc. cisco // citadel : 2015-07-23 Citadel Domain LLC citadel // citi : 2015-07-30 Citigroup Inc. citi // citic : 2014-01-09 CITIC Group Corporation citic // city : 2014-05-29 Binky Moon, LLC city // cityeats : 2014-12-11 Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. cityeats // claims : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC claims // cleaning : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC cleaning // click : 2014-06-05 UNR Corp. click // clinic : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC clinic // clinique : 2015-10-01 The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. clinique // clothing : 2013-08-27 Binky Moon, LLC clothing // cloud : 2015-04-16 Aruba PEC S.p.A. cloud // club : 2013-11-08 Registry Services, LLC club // clubmed : 2015-06-25 Club Méditerranée S.A. clubmed // coach : 2014-10-09 Binky Moon, LLC coach // codes : 2013-10-31 Binky Moon, LLC codes // coffee : 2013-10-17 Binky Moon, LLC coffee // college : 2014-01-16 XYZ.COM LLC college // cologne : 2014-02-05 dotKoeln GmbH cologne // comcast : 2015-07-23 Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC comcast // commbank : 2014-06-26 COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA commbank // community : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC community // company : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC company // compare : 2015-10-08 Registry Services, LLC compare // computer : 2013-10-24 Binky Moon, LLC computer // comsec : 2015-01-08 VeriSign, Inc. comsec // condos : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC condos // construction : 2013-09-16 Binky Moon, LLC construction // consulting : 2013-12-05 Dog Beach, LLC consulting // contact : 2015-01-08 Dog Beach, LLC contact // contractors : 2013-09-10 Binky Moon, LLC contractors // cooking : 2013-11-21 Registry Services, LLC cooking // cookingchannel : 2015-07-02 Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. cookingchannel // cool : 2013-11-14 Binky Moon, LLC cool // corsica : 2014-09-25 Collectivité de Corse corsica // country : 2013-12-19 DotCountry LLC country // coupon : 2015-02-26 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. coupon // coupons : 2015-03-26 Binky Moon, LLC coupons // courses : 2014-12-04 OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD courses // cpa : 2019-06-10 American Institute of Certified Public Accountants cpa // credit : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC credit // creditcard : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC creditcard // creditunion : 2015-01-22 DotCooperation LLC creditunion // cricket : 2014-10-09 dot Cricket Limited cricket // crown : 2014-10-24 Crown Equipment Corporation crown // crs : 2014-04-03 Federated Co-operatives Limited crs // cruise : 2015-12-10 Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. cruise // cruises : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC cruises // csc : 2014-09-25 Alliance-One Services, Inc. csc // cuisinella : 2014-04-03 SCHMIDT GROUPE S.A.S. cuisinella // cymru : 2014-05-08 Nominet UK cymru // cyou : 2015-01-22 ShortDot SA cyou // dabur : 2014-02-06 Dabur India Limited dabur // dad : 2014-01-23 Charleston Road Registry Inc. dad // dance : 2013-10-24 Dog Beach, LLC dance // data : 2016-06-02 Dish DBS Corporation data // date : 2014-11-20 dot Date Limited date // dating : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC dating // datsun : 2014-03-27 NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. datsun // day : 2014-01-30 Charleston Road Registry Inc. day // dclk : 2014-11-20 Charleston Road Registry Inc. dclk // dds : 2015-05-07 Registry Services, LLC dds // deal : 2015-06-25 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. deal // dealer : 2014-12-22 Intercap Registry Inc. dealer // deals : 2014-05-22 Binky Moon, LLC deals // degree : 2014-03-06 Dog Beach, LLC degree // delivery : 2014-09-11 Binky Moon, LLC delivery // dell : 2014-10-24 Dell Inc. dell // deloitte : 2015-07-31 Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu deloitte // delta : 2015-02-19 Delta Air Lines, Inc. delta // democrat : 2013-10-24 Dog Beach, LLC democrat // dental : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC dental // dentist : 2014-03-20 Dog Beach, LLC dentist // desi : 2013-11-14 Desi Networks LLC desi // design : 2014-11-07 Registry Services, LLC design // dev : 2014-10-16 Charleston Road Registry Inc. dev // dhl : 2015-07-23 Deutsche Post AG dhl // diamonds : 2013-09-22 Binky Moon, LLC diamonds // diet : 2014-06-26 UNR Corp. diet // digital : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC digital // direct : 2014-04-10 Binky Moon, LLC direct // directory : 2013-09-20 Binky Moon, LLC directory // discount : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC discount // discover : 2015-07-23 Discover Financial Services discover // dish : 2015-07-30 Dish DBS Corporation dish // diy : 2015-11-05 Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. diy // dnp : 2013-12-13 Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd. dnp // docs : 2014-10-16 Charleston Road Registry Inc. docs // doctor : 2016-06-02 Binky Moon, LLC doctor // dog : 2014-12-04 Binky Moon, LLC dog // domains : 2013-10-17 Binky Moon, LLC domains // dot : 2015-05-21 Dish DBS Corporation dot // download : 2014-11-20 dot Support Limited download // drive : 2015-03-05 Charleston Road Registry Inc. drive // dtv : 2015-06-04 Dish DBS Corporation dtv // dubai : 2015-01-01 Dubai Smart Government Department dubai // duck : 2015-07-23 Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. duck // dunlop : 2015-07-02 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company dunlop // dupont : 2015-06-25 E. I. du Pont de Nemours and Company dupont // durban : 2014-03-24 ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry durban // dvag : 2014-06-23 Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG dvag // dvr : 2016-05-26 DISH Technologies L.L.C. dvr // earth : 2014-12-04 Interlink Co., Ltd. earth // eat : 2014-01-23 Charleston Road Registry Inc. eat // eco : 2016-07-08 Big Room Inc. eco // edeka : 2014-12-18 EDEKA Verband kaufmännischer Genossenschaften e.V. edeka // education : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC education // email : 2013-10-31 Binky Moon, LLC email // emerck : 2014-04-03 Merck KGaA emerck // energy : 2014-09-11 Binky Moon, LLC energy // engineer : 2014-03-06 Dog Beach, LLC engineer // engineering : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC engineering // enterprises : 2013-09-20 Binky Moon, LLC enterprises // epson : 2014-12-04 Seiko Epson Corporation epson // equipment : 2013-08-27 Binky Moon, LLC equipment // ericsson : 2015-07-09 Telefonaktiebolaget L M Ericsson ericsson // erni : 2014-04-03 ERNI Group Holding AG erni // esq : 2014-05-08 Charleston Road Registry Inc. esq // estate : 2013-08-27 Binky Moon, LLC estate // etisalat : 2015-09-03 Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) etisalat // eurovision : 2014-04-24 European Broadcasting Union (EBU) eurovision // eus : 2013-12-12 Puntueus Fundazioa eus // events : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC events // exchange : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC exchange // expert : 2013-11-21 Binky Moon, LLC expert // exposed : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC exposed // express : 2015-02-11 Binky Moon, LLC express // extraspace : 2015-05-14 Extra Space Storage LLC extraspace // fage : 2014-12-18 Fage International S.A. fage // fail : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC fail // fairwinds : 2014-11-13 FairWinds Partners, LLC fairwinds // faith : 2014-11-20 dot Faith Limited faith // family : 2015-04-02 Dog Beach, LLC family // fan : 2014-03-06 Dog Beach, LLC fan // fans : 2014-11-07 ZDNS International Limited fans // farm : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC farm // farmers : 2015-07-09 Farmers Insurance Exchange farmers // fashion : 2014-07-03 Registry Services, LLC fashion // fast : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. fast // fedex : 2015-08-06 Federal Express Corporation fedex // feedback : 2013-12-19 Top Level Spectrum, Inc. feedback // ferrari : 2015-07-31 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. ferrari // ferrero : 2014-12-18 Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. ferrero // fiat : 2015-07-31 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. fiat // fidelity : 2015-07-30 Fidelity Brokerage Services LLC fidelity // fido : 2015-08-06 Rogers Communications Canada Inc. fido // film : 2015-01-08 Motion Picture Domain Registry Pty Ltd film // final : 2014-10-16 Núcleo de Informação e Coordenação do Ponto BR - NIC.br final // finance : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC finance // financial : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC financial // fire : 2015-06-25 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. fire // firestone : 2014-12-18 Bridgestone Licensing Services, Inc firestone // firmdale : 2014-03-27 Firmdale Holdings Limited firmdale // fish : 2013-12-12 Binky Moon, LLC fish // fishing : 2013-11-21 Registry Services, LLC fishing // fit : 2014-11-07 Registry Services, LLC fit // fitness : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC fitness // flickr : 2015-04-02 Flickr, Inc. flickr // flights : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC flights // flir : 2015-07-23 FLIR Systems, Inc. flir // florist : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC florist // flowers : 2014-10-09 UNR Corp. flowers // fly : 2014-05-08 Charleston Road Registry Inc. fly // foo : 2014-01-23 Charleston Road Registry Inc. foo // food : 2016-04-21 Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. food // foodnetwork : 2015-07-02 Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. foodnetwork // football : 2014-12-18 Binky Moon, LLC football // ford : 2014-11-13 Ford Motor Company ford // forex : 2014-12-11 Dog Beach, LLC forex // forsale : 2014-05-22 Dog Beach, LLC forsale // forum : 2015-04-02 Fegistry, LLC forum // foundation : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC foundation // fox : 2015-09-11 FOX Registry, LLC fox // free : 2015-12-10 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. free // fresenius : 2015-07-30 Fresenius Immobilien-Verwaltungs-GmbH fresenius // frl : 2014-05-15 FRLregistry B.V. frl // frogans : 2013-12-19 OP3FT frogans // frontdoor : 2015-07-02 Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. frontdoor // frontier : 2015-02-05 Frontier Communications Corporation frontier // ftr : 2015-07-16 Frontier Communications Corporation ftr // fujitsu : 2015-07-30 Fujitsu Limited fujitsu // fun : 2016-01-14 Radix FZC fun // fund : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC fund // furniture : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC furniture // futbol : 2013-09-20 Dog Beach, LLC futbol // fyi : 2015-04-02 Binky Moon, LLC fyi // gal : 2013-11-07 Asociación puntoGAL gal // gallery : 2013-09-13 Binky Moon, LLC gallery // gallo : 2015-06-11 Gallo Vineyards, Inc. gallo // gallup : 2015-02-19 Gallup, Inc. gallup // game : 2015-05-28 UNR Corp. game // games : 2015-05-28 Dog Beach, LLC games // gap : 2015-07-31 The Gap, Inc. gap // garden : 2014-06-26 Registry Services, LLC garden // gay : 2019-05-23 Top Level Design, LLC gay // gbiz : 2014-07-17 Charleston Road Registry Inc. gbiz // gdn : 2014-07-31 Joint Stock Company "Navigation-information systems" gdn // gea : 2014-12-04 GEA Group Aktiengesellschaft gea // gent : 2014-01-23 COMBELL NV gent // genting : 2015-03-12 Resorts World Inc Pte. Ltd. genting // george : 2015-07-31 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. george // ggee : 2014-01-09 GMO Internet, Inc. ggee // gift : 2013-10-17 DotGift, LLC gift // gifts : 2014-07-03 Binky Moon, LLC gifts // gives : 2014-03-06 Dog Beach, LLC gives // giving : 2014-11-13 Giving Limited giving // glade : 2015-07-23 Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. glade // glass : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC glass // gle : 2014-07-24 Charleston Road Registry Inc. gle // global : 2014-04-17 Dot Global Domain Registry Limited global // globo : 2013-12-19 Globo Comunicação e Participações S.A globo // gmail : 2014-05-01 Charleston Road Registry Inc. gmail // gmbh : 2016-01-29 Binky Moon, LLC gmbh // gmo : 2014-01-09 GMO Internet, Inc. gmo // gmx : 2014-04-24 1&1 Mail & Media GmbH gmx // godaddy : 2015-07-23 Go Daddy East, LLC godaddy // gold : 2015-01-22 Binky Moon, LLC gold // goldpoint : 2014-11-20 YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. goldpoint // golf : 2014-12-18 Binky Moon, LLC golf // goo : 2014-12-18 NTT Resonant Inc. goo // goodyear : 2015-07-02 The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company goodyear // goog : 2014-11-20 Charleston Road Registry Inc. goog // google : 2014-07-24 Charleston Road Registry Inc. google // gop : 2014-01-16 Republican State Leadership Committee, Inc. gop // got : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. got // grainger : 2015-05-07 Grainger Registry Services, LLC grainger // graphics : 2013-09-13 Binky Moon, LLC graphics // gratis : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC gratis // green : 2014-05-08 Afilias Limited green // gripe : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC gripe // grocery : 2016-06-16 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. grocery // group : 2014-08-15 Binky Moon, LLC group // guardian : 2015-07-30 The Guardian Life Insurance Company of America guardian // gucci : 2014-11-13 Guccio Gucci S.p.a. gucci // guge : 2014-08-28 Charleston Road Registry Inc. guge // guide : 2013-09-13 Binky Moon, LLC guide // guitars : 2013-11-14 UNR Corp. guitars // guru : 2013-08-27 Binky Moon, LLC guru // hair : 2015-12-03 XYZ.COM LLC hair // hamburg : 2014-02-20 Hamburg Top-Level-Domain GmbH hamburg // hangout : 2014-11-13 Charleston Road Registry Inc. hangout // haus : 2013-12-05 Dog Beach, LLC haus // hbo : 2015-07-30 HBO Registry Services, Inc. hbo // hdfc : 2015-07-30 HOUSING DEVELOPMENT FINANCE CORPORATION LIMITED hdfc // hdfcbank : 2015-02-12 HDFC Bank Limited hdfcbank // health : 2015-02-11 DotHealth, LLC health // healthcare : 2014-06-12 Binky Moon, LLC healthcare // help : 2014-06-26 UNR Corp. help // helsinki : 2015-02-05 City of Helsinki helsinki // here : 2014-02-06 Charleston Road Registry Inc. here // hermes : 2014-07-10 HERMES INTERNATIONAL hermes // hgtv : 2015-07-02 Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. hgtv // hiphop : 2014-03-06 UNR Corp. hiphop // hisamitsu : 2015-07-16 Hisamitsu Pharmaceutical Co.,Inc. hisamitsu // hitachi : 2014-10-31 Hitachi, Ltd. hitachi // hiv : 2014-03-13 UNR Corp. hiv // hkt : 2015-05-14 PCCW-HKT DataCom Services Limited hkt // hockey : 2015-03-19 Binky Moon, LLC hockey // holdings : 2013-08-27 Binky Moon, LLC holdings // holiday : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC holiday // homedepot : 2015-04-02 Home Depot Product Authority, LLC homedepot // homegoods : 2015-07-16 The TJX Companies, Inc. homegoods // homes : 2014-01-09 XYZ.COM LLC homes // homesense : 2015-07-16 The TJX Companies, Inc. homesense // honda : 2014-12-18 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. honda // horse : 2013-11-21 Registry Services, LLC horse // hospital : 2016-10-20 Binky Moon, LLC hospital // host : 2014-04-17 Radix FZC host // hosting : 2014-05-29 UNR Corp. hosting // hot : 2015-08-27 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. hot // hoteles : 2015-03-05 Travel Reservations SRL hoteles // hotels : 2016-04-07 Booking.com B.V. hotels // hotmail : 2014-12-18 Microsoft Corporation hotmail // house : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC house // how : 2014-01-23 Charleston Road Registry Inc. how // hsbc : 2014-10-24 HSBC Global Services (UK) Limited hsbc // hughes : 2015-07-30 Hughes Satellite Systems Corporation hughes // hyatt : 2015-07-30 Hyatt GTLD, L.L.C. hyatt // hyundai : 2015-07-09 Hyundai Motor Company hyundai // ibm : 2014-07-31 International Business Machines Corporation ibm // icbc : 2015-02-19 Industrial and Commercial Bank of China Limited icbc // ice : 2014-10-30 IntercontinentalExchange, Inc. ice // icu : 2015-01-08 ShortDot SA icu // ieee : 2015-07-23 IEEE Global LLC ieee // ifm : 2014-01-30 ifm electronic gmbh ifm // ikano : 2015-07-09 Ikano S.A. ikano // imamat : 2015-08-06 Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) imamat // imdb : 2015-06-25 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. imdb // immo : 2014-07-10 Binky Moon, LLC immo // immobilien : 2013-11-07 Dog Beach, LLC immobilien // inc : 2018-03-10 Intercap Registry Inc. inc // industries : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC industries // infiniti : 2014-03-27 NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. infiniti // ing : 2014-01-23 Charleston Road Registry Inc. ing // ink : 2013-12-05 Top Level Design, LLC ink // institute : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC institute // insurance : 2015-02-19 fTLD Registry Services LLC insurance // insure : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC insure // international : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC international // intuit : 2015-07-30 Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. intuit // investments : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC investments // ipiranga : 2014-08-28 Ipiranga Produtos de Petroleo S.A. ipiranga // irish : 2014-08-07 Binky Moon, LLC irish // ismaili : 2015-08-06 Fondation Aga Khan (Aga Khan Foundation) ismaili // ist : 2014-08-28 Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality ist // istanbul : 2014-08-28 Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality istanbul // itau : 2014-10-02 Itau Unibanco Holding S.A. itau // itv : 2015-07-09 ITV Services Limited itv // jaguar : 2014-11-13 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd jaguar // java : 2014-06-19 Oracle Corporation java // jcb : 2014-11-20 JCB Co., Ltd. jcb // jeep : 2015-07-30 FCA US LLC. jeep // jetzt : 2014-01-09 Binky Moon, LLC jetzt // jewelry : 2015-03-05 Binky Moon, LLC jewelry // jio : 2015-04-02 Reliance Industries Limited jio // jll : 2015-04-02 Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated jll // jmp : 2015-03-26 Matrix IP LLC jmp // jnj : 2015-06-18 Johnson & Johnson Services, Inc. jnj // joburg : 2014-03-24 ZA Central Registry NPC trading as ZA Central Registry joburg // jot : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. jot // joy : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. joy // jpmorgan : 2015-04-30 JPMorgan Chase Bank, National Association jpmorgan // jprs : 2014-09-18 Japan Registry Services Co., Ltd. jprs // juegos : 2014-03-20 UNR Corp. juegos // juniper : 2015-07-30 JUNIPER NETWORKS, INC. juniper // kaufen : 2013-11-07 Dog Beach, LLC kaufen // kddi : 2014-09-12 KDDI CORPORATION kddi // kerryhotels : 2015-04-30 Kerry Trading Co. Limited kerryhotels // kerrylogistics : 2015-04-09 Kerry Trading Co. Limited kerrylogistics // kerryproperties : 2015-04-09 Kerry Trading Co. Limited kerryproperties // kfh : 2014-12-04 Kuwait Finance House kfh // kia : 2015-07-09 KIA MOTORS CORPORATION kia // kim : 2013-09-23 Afilias Limited kim // kinder : 2014-11-07 Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. kinder // kindle : 2015-06-25 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. kindle // kitchen : 2013-09-20 Binky Moon, LLC kitchen // kiwi : 2013-09-20 DOT KIWI LIMITED kiwi // koeln : 2014-01-09 dotKoeln GmbH koeln // komatsu : 2015-01-08 Komatsu Ltd. komatsu // kosher : 2015-08-20 Kosher Marketing Assets LLC kosher // kpmg : 2015-04-23 KPMG International Cooperative (KPMG International Genossenschaft) kpmg // kpn : 2015-01-08 Koninklijke KPN N.V. kpn // krd : 2013-12-05 KRG Department of Information Technology krd // kred : 2013-12-19 KredTLD Pty Ltd kred // kuokgroup : 2015-04-09 Kerry Trading Co. Limited kuokgroup // kyoto : 2014-11-07 Academic Institution: Kyoto Jyoho Gakuen kyoto // lacaixa : 2014-01-09 Fundación Bancaria Caixa d’Estalvis i Pensions de Barcelona, “la Caixa” lacaixa // lamborghini : 2015-06-04 Automobili Lamborghini S.p.A. lamborghini // lamer : 2015-10-01 The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. lamer // lancaster : 2015-02-12 LANCASTER lancaster // lancia : 2015-07-31 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. lancia // land : 2013-09-10 Binky Moon, LLC land // landrover : 2014-11-13 Jaguar Land Rover Ltd landrover // lanxess : 2015-07-30 LANXESS Corporation lanxess // lasalle : 2015-04-02 Jones Lang LaSalle Incorporated lasalle // lat : 2014-10-16 ECOM-LAC Federaciòn de Latinoamèrica y el Caribe para Internet y el Comercio Electrònico lat // latino : 2015-07-30 Dish DBS Corporation latino // latrobe : 2014-06-16 La Trobe University latrobe // law : 2015-01-22 Registry Services, LLC law // lawyer : 2014-03-20 Dog Beach, LLC lawyer // lds : 2014-03-20 IRI Domain Management, LLC lds // lease : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC lease // leclerc : 2014-08-07 A.C.D. LEC Association des Centres Distributeurs Edouard Leclerc leclerc // lefrak : 2015-07-16 LeFrak Organization, Inc. lefrak // legal : 2014-10-16 Binky Moon, LLC legal // lego : 2015-07-16 LEGO Juris A/S lego // lexus : 2015-04-23 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION lexus // lgbt : 2014-05-08 Afilias Limited lgbt // lidl : 2014-09-18 Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG lidl // life : 2014-02-06 Binky Moon, LLC life // lifeinsurance : 2015-01-15 American Council of Life Insurers lifeinsurance // lifestyle : 2014-12-11 Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. lifestyle // lighting : 2013-08-27 Binky Moon, LLC lighting // like : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. like // lilly : 2015-07-31 Eli Lilly and Company lilly // limited : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC limited // limo : 2013-10-17 Binky Moon, LLC limo // lincoln : 2014-11-13 Ford Motor Company lincoln // linde : 2014-12-04 Linde Aktiengesellschaft linde // link : 2013-11-14 UNR Corp. link // lipsy : 2015-06-25 Lipsy Ltd lipsy // live : 2014-12-04 Dog Beach, LLC live // living : 2015-07-30 Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. living // lixil : 2015-03-19 LIXIL Group Corporation lixil // llc : 2017-12-14 Afilias Limited llc // llp : 2019-08-26 UNR Corp. llp // loan : 2014-11-20 dot Loan Limited loan // loans : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC loans // locker : 2015-06-04 Dish DBS Corporation locker // locus : 2015-06-25 Locus Analytics LLC locus // loft : 2015-07-30 Annco, Inc. loft // lol : 2015-01-30 UNR Corp. lol // london : 2013-11-14 Dot London Domains Limited london // lotte : 2014-11-07 Lotte Holdings Co., Ltd. lotte // lotto : 2014-04-10 Afilias Limited lotto // love : 2014-12-22 Merchant Law Group LLP love // lpl : 2015-07-30 LPL Holdings, Inc. lpl // lplfinancial : 2015-07-30 LPL Holdings, Inc. lplfinancial // ltd : 2014-09-25 Binky Moon, LLC ltd // ltda : 2014-04-17 InterNetX, Corp ltda // lundbeck : 2015-08-06 H. Lundbeck A/S lundbeck // luxe : 2014-01-09 Registry Services, LLC luxe // luxury : 2013-10-17 Luxury Partners, LLC luxury // macys : 2015-07-31 Macys, Inc. macys // madrid : 2014-05-01 Comunidad de Madrid madrid // maif : 2014-10-02 Mutuelle Assurance Instituteur France (MAIF) maif // maison : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC maison // makeup : 2015-01-15 XYZ.COM LLC makeup // man : 2014-12-04 MAN SE man // management : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC management // mango : 2013-10-24 PUNTO FA S.L. mango // map : 2016-06-09 Charleston Road Registry Inc. map // market : 2014-03-06 Dog Beach, LLC market // marketing : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC marketing // markets : 2014-12-11 Dog Beach, LLC markets // marriott : 2014-10-09 Marriott Worldwide Corporation marriott // marshalls : 2015-07-16 The TJX Companies, Inc. marshalls // maserati : 2015-07-31 Fiat Chrysler Automobiles N.V. maserati // mattel : 2015-08-06 Mattel Sites, Inc. mattel // mba : 2015-04-02 Binky Moon, LLC mba // mckinsey : 2015-07-31 McKinsey Holdings, Inc. mckinsey // med : 2015-08-06 Medistry LLC med // media : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC media // meet : 2014-01-16 Charleston Road Registry Inc. meet // melbourne : 2014-05-29 The Crown in right of the State of Victoria, represented by its Department of State Development, Business and Innovation melbourne // meme : 2014-01-30 Charleston Road Registry Inc. meme // memorial : 2014-10-16 Dog Beach, LLC memorial // men : 2015-02-26 Exclusive Registry Limited men // menu : 2013-09-11 Dot Menu Registry, LLC menu // merckmsd : 2016-07-14 MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. merckmsd // miami : 2013-12-19 Minds + Machines Group Limited miami // microsoft : 2014-12-18 Microsoft Corporation microsoft // mini : 2014-01-09 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft mini // mint : 2015-07-30 Intuit Administrative Services, Inc. mint // mit : 2015-07-02 Massachusetts Institute of Technology mit // mitsubishi : 2015-07-23 Mitsubishi Corporation mitsubishi // mlb : 2015-05-21 MLB Advanced Media DH, LLC mlb // mls : 2015-04-23 The Canadian Real Estate Association mls // mma : 2014-11-07 MMA IARD mma // mobile : 2016-06-02 Dish DBS Corporation mobile // moda : 2013-11-07 Dog Beach, LLC moda // moe : 2013-11-13 Interlink Co., Ltd. moe // moi : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. moi // mom : 2015-04-16 UNR Corp. mom // monash : 2013-09-30 Monash University monash // money : 2014-10-16 Binky Moon, LLC money // monster : 2015-09-11 XYZ.COM LLC monster // mormon : 2013-12-05 IRI Domain Management, LLC mormon // mortgage : 2014-03-20 Dog Beach, LLC mortgage // moscow : 2013-12-19 Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) moscow // moto : 2015-06-04 Motorola Trademark Holdings, LLC moto // motorcycles : 2014-01-09 XYZ.COM LLC motorcycles // mov : 2014-01-30 Charleston Road Registry Inc. mov // movie : 2015-02-05 Binky Moon, LLC movie // msd : 2015-07-23 MSD Registry Holdings, Inc. msd // mtn : 2014-12-04 MTN Dubai Limited mtn // mtr : 2015-03-12 MTR Corporation Limited mtr // music : 2021-05-04 DotMusic Limited music // mutual : 2015-04-02 Northwestern Mutual MU TLD Registry, LLC mutual // nab : 2015-08-20 National Australia Bank Limited nab // nagoya : 2013-10-24 GMO Registry, Inc. nagoya // natura : 2015-03-12 NATURA COSMÉTICOS S.A. natura // navy : 2014-03-06 Dog Beach, LLC navy // nba : 2015-07-31 NBA REGISTRY, LLC nba // nec : 2015-01-08 NEC Corporation nec // netbank : 2014-06-26 COMMONWEALTH BANK OF AUSTRALIA netbank // netflix : 2015-06-18 Netflix, Inc. netflix // network : 2013-11-14 Binky Moon, LLC network // neustar : 2013-12-05 NeuStar, Inc. neustar // new : 2014-01-30 Charleston Road Registry Inc. new // news : 2014-12-18 Dog Beach, LLC news // next : 2015-06-18 Next plc next // nextdirect : 2015-06-18 Next plc nextdirect // nexus : 2014-07-24 Charleston Road Registry Inc. nexus // nfl : 2015-07-23 NFL Reg Ops LLC nfl // ngo : 2014-03-06 Public Interest Registry ngo // nhk : 2014-02-13 Japan Broadcasting Corporation (NHK) nhk // nico : 2014-12-04 DWANGO Co., Ltd. nico // nike : 2015-07-23 NIKE, Inc. nike // nikon : 2015-05-21 NIKON CORPORATION nikon // ninja : 2013-11-07 Dog Beach, LLC ninja // nissan : 2014-03-27 NISSAN MOTOR CO., LTD. nissan // nissay : 2015-10-29 Nippon Life Insurance Company nissay // nokia : 2015-01-08 Nokia Corporation nokia // northwesternmutual : 2015-06-18 Northwestern Mutual Registry, LLC northwesternmutual // norton : 2014-12-04 NortonLifeLock Inc. norton // now : 2015-06-25 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. now // nowruz : 2014-09-04 Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. nowruz // nowtv : 2015-05-14 Starbucks (HK) Limited nowtv // nra : 2014-05-22 NRA Holdings Company, INC. nra // nrw : 2013-11-21 Minds + Machines GmbH nrw // ntt : 2014-10-31 NIPPON TELEGRAPH AND TELEPHONE CORPORATION ntt // nyc : 2014-01-23 The City of New York by and through the New York City Department of Information Technology & Telecommunications nyc // obi : 2014-09-25 OBI Group Holding SE & Co. KGaA obi // observer : 2015-04-30 Dog Beach, LLC observer // off : 2015-07-23 Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. off // office : 2015-03-12 Microsoft Corporation office // okinawa : 2013-12-05 BRregistry, Inc. okinawa // olayan : 2015-05-14 Crescent Holding GmbH olayan // olayangroup : 2015-05-14 Crescent Holding GmbH olayangroup // oldnavy : 2015-07-31 The Gap, Inc. oldnavy // ollo : 2015-06-04 Dish DBS Corporation ollo // omega : 2015-01-08 The Swatch Group Ltd omega // one : 2014-11-07 One.com A/S one // ong : 2014-03-06 Public Interest Registry ong // onl : 2013-09-16 iRegistry GmbH onl // online : 2015-01-15 Radix FZC online // ooo : 2014-01-09 INFIBEAM AVENUES LIMITED ooo // open : 2015-07-31 American Express Travel Related Services Company, Inc. open // oracle : 2014-06-19 Oracle Corporation oracle // orange : 2015-03-12 Orange Brand Services Limited orange // organic : 2014-03-27 Afilias Limited organic // origins : 2015-10-01 The Estée Lauder Companies Inc. origins // osaka : 2014-09-04 Osaka Registry Co., Ltd. osaka // otsuka : 2013-10-11 Otsuka Holdings Co., Ltd. otsuka // ott : 2015-06-04 Dish DBS Corporation ott // ovh : 2014-01-16 MédiaBC ovh // page : 2014-12-04 Charleston Road Registry Inc. page // panasonic : 2015-07-30 Panasonic Corporation panasonic // paris : 2014-01-30 City of Paris paris // pars : 2014-09-04 Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. pars // partners : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC partners // parts : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC parts // party : 2014-09-11 Blue Sky Registry Limited party // passagens : 2015-03-05 Travel Reservations SRL passagens // pay : 2015-08-27 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. pay // pccw : 2015-05-14 PCCW Enterprises Limited pccw // pet : 2015-05-07 Afilias Limited pet // pfizer : 2015-09-11 Pfizer Inc. pfizer // pharmacy : 2014-06-19 National Association of Boards of Pharmacy pharmacy // phd : 2016-07-28 Charleston Road Registry Inc. phd // philips : 2014-11-07 Koninklijke Philips N.V. philips // phone : 2016-06-02 Dish DBS Corporation phone // photo : 2013-11-14 UNR Corp. photo // photography : 2013-09-20 Binky Moon, LLC photography // photos : 2013-10-17 Binky Moon, LLC photos // physio : 2014-05-01 PhysBiz Pty Ltd physio // pics : 2013-11-14 UNR Corp. pics // pictet : 2014-06-26 Pictet Europe S.A. pictet // pictures : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC pictures // pid : 2015-01-08 Top Level Spectrum, Inc. pid // pin : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. pin // ping : 2015-06-11 Ping Registry Provider, Inc. ping // pink : 2013-10-01 Afilias Limited pink // pioneer : 2015-07-16 Pioneer Corporation pioneer // pizza : 2014-06-26 Binky Moon, LLC pizza // place : 2014-04-24 Binky Moon, LLC place // play : 2015-03-05 Charleston Road Registry Inc. play // playstation : 2015-07-02 Sony Interactive Entertainment Inc. playstation // plumbing : 2013-09-10 Binky Moon, LLC plumbing // plus : 2015-02-05 Binky Moon, LLC plus // pnc : 2015-07-02 PNC Domain Co., LLC pnc // pohl : 2014-06-23 Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG pohl // poker : 2014-07-03 Afilias Limited poker // politie : 2015-08-20 Politie Nederland politie // porn : 2014-10-16 ICM Registry PN LLC porn // pramerica : 2015-07-30 Prudential Financial, Inc. pramerica // praxi : 2013-12-05 Praxi S.p.A. praxi // press : 2014-04-03 Radix FZC press // prime : 2015-06-25 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. prime // prod : 2014-01-23 Charleston Road Registry Inc. prod // productions : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC productions // prof : 2014-07-24 Charleston Road Registry Inc. prof // progressive : 2015-07-23 Progressive Casualty Insurance Company progressive // promo : 2014-12-18 Afilias Limited promo // properties : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC properties // property : 2014-05-22 UNR Corp. property // protection : 2015-04-23 XYZ.COM LLC protection // pru : 2015-07-30 Prudential Financial, Inc. pru // prudential : 2015-07-30 Prudential Financial, Inc. prudential // pub : 2013-12-12 Dog Beach, LLC pub // pwc : 2015-10-29 PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP pwc // qpon : 2013-11-14 dotCOOL, Inc. qpon // quebec : 2013-12-19 PointQuébec Inc quebec // quest : 2015-03-26 XYZ.COM LLC quest // qvc : 2015-07-30 QVC, Inc. qvc // racing : 2014-12-04 Premier Registry Limited racing // radio : 2016-07-21 European Broadcasting Union (EBU) radio // raid : 2015-07-23 Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. raid // read : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. read // realestate : 2015-09-11 dotRealEstate LLC realestate // realtor : 2014-05-29 Real Estate Domains LLC realtor // realty : 2015-03-19 Dog Beach, LLC realty // recipes : 2013-10-17 Binky Moon, LLC recipes // red : 2013-11-07 Afilias Limited red // redstone : 2014-10-31 Redstone Haute Couture Co., Ltd. redstone // redumbrella : 2015-03-26 Travelers TLD, LLC redumbrella // rehab : 2014-03-06 Dog Beach, LLC rehab // reise : 2014-03-13 Binky Moon, LLC reise // reisen : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC reisen // reit : 2014-09-04 National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Inc. reit // reliance : 2015-04-02 Reliance Industries Limited reliance // ren : 2013-12-12 ZDNS International Limited ren // rent : 2014-12-04 XYZ.COM LLC rent // rentals : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC rentals // repair : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC repair // report : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC report // republican : 2014-03-20 Dog Beach, LLC republican // rest : 2013-12-19 Punto 2012 Sociedad Anonima Promotora de Inversion de Capital Variable rest // restaurant : 2014-07-03 Binky Moon, LLC restaurant // review : 2014-11-20 dot Review Limited review // reviews : 2013-09-13 Dog Beach, LLC reviews // rexroth : 2015-06-18 Robert Bosch GMBH rexroth // rich : 2013-11-21 iRegistry GmbH rich // richardli : 2015-05-14 Pacific Century Asset Management (HK) Limited richardli // ricoh : 2014-11-20 Ricoh Company, Ltd. ricoh // ril : 2015-04-02 Reliance Industries Limited ril // rio : 2014-02-27 Empresa Municipal de Informática SA - IPLANRIO rio // rip : 2014-07-10 Dog Beach, LLC rip // rmit : 2015-11-19 Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology rmit // rocher : 2014-12-18 Ferrero Trading Lux S.A. rocher // rocks : 2013-11-14 Dog Beach, LLC rocks // rodeo : 2013-12-19 Registry Services, LLC rodeo // rogers : 2015-08-06 Rogers Communications Canada Inc. rogers // room : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. room // rsvp : 2014-05-08 Charleston Road Registry Inc. rsvp // rugby : 2016-12-15 World Rugby Strategic Developments Limited rugby // ruhr : 2013-10-02 regiodot GmbH & Co. KG ruhr // run : 2015-03-19 Binky Moon, LLC run // rwe : 2015-04-02 RWE AG rwe // ryukyu : 2014-01-09 BRregistry, Inc. ryukyu // saarland : 2013-12-12 dotSaarland GmbH saarland // safe : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. safe // safety : 2015-01-08 Safety Registry Services, LLC. safety // sakura : 2014-12-18 SAKURA Internet Inc. sakura // sale : 2014-10-16 Dog Beach, LLC sale // salon : 2014-12-11 Binky Moon, LLC salon // samsclub : 2015-07-31 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. samsclub // samsung : 2014-04-03 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD samsung // sandvik : 2014-11-13 Sandvik AB sandvik // sandvikcoromant : 2014-11-07 Sandvik AB sandvikcoromant // sanofi : 2014-10-09 Sanofi sanofi // sap : 2014-03-27 SAP AG sap // sarl : 2014-07-03 Binky Moon, LLC sarl // sas : 2015-04-02 Research IP LLC sas // save : 2015-06-25 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. save // saxo : 2014-10-31 Saxo Bank A/S saxo // sbi : 2015-03-12 STATE BANK OF INDIA sbi // sbs : 2014-11-07 ShortDot SA sbs // sca : 2014-03-13 SVENSKA CELLULOSA AKTIEBOLAGET SCA (publ) sca // scb : 2014-02-20 The Siam Commercial Bank Public Company Limited ("SCB") scb // schaeffler : 2015-08-06 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG schaeffler // schmidt : 2014-04-03 SCHMIDT GROUPE S.A.S. schmidt // scholarships : 2014-04-24 Scholarships.com, LLC scholarships // school : 2014-12-18 Binky Moon, LLC school // schule : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC schule // schwarz : 2014-09-18 Schwarz Domains und Services GmbH & Co. KG schwarz // science : 2014-09-11 dot Science Limited science // scjohnson : 2015-07-23 Johnson Shareholdings, Inc. scjohnson // scot : 2014-01-23 Dot Scot Registry Limited scot // search : 2016-06-09 Charleston Road Registry Inc. search // seat : 2014-05-22 SEAT, S.A. (Sociedad Unipersonal) seat // secure : 2015-08-27 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. secure // security : 2015-05-14 XYZ.COM LLC security // seek : 2014-12-04 Seek Limited seek // select : 2015-10-08 Registry Services, LLC select // sener : 2014-10-24 Sener Ingeniería y Sistemas, S.A. sener // services : 2014-02-27 Binky Moon, LLC services // ses : 2015-07-23 SES ses // seven : 2015-08-06 Seven West Media Ltd seven // sew : 2014-07-17 SEW-EURODRIVE GmbH & Co KG sew // sex : 2014-11-13 ICM Registry SX LLC sex // sexy : 2013-09-11 UNR Corp. sexy // sfr : 2015-08-13 Societe Francaise du Radiotelephone - SFR sfr // shangrila : 2015-09-03 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited shangrila // sharp : 2014-05-01 Sharp Corporation sharp // shaw : 2015-04-23 Shaw Cablesystems G.P. shaw // shell : 2015-07-30 Shell Information Technology International Inc shell // shia : 2014-09-04 Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. shia // shiksha : 2013-11-14 Afilias Limited shiksha // shoes : 2013-10-02 Binky Moon, LLC shoes // shop : 2016-04-08 GMO Registry, Inc. shop // shopping : 2016-03-31 Binky Moon, LLC shopping // shouji : 2015-01-08 Beijing Qihu Keji Co., Ltd. shouji // show : 2015-03-05 Binky Moon, LLC show // showtime : 2015-08-06 CBS Domains Inc. showtime // silk : 2015-06-25 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. silk // sina : 2015-03-12 Sina Corporation sina // singles : 2013-08-27 Binky Moon, LLC singles // site : 2015-01-15 Radix FZC site // ski : 2015-04-09 Afilias Limited ski // skin : 2015-01-15 XYZ.COM LLC skin // sky : 2014-06-19 Sky International AG sky // skype : 2014-12-18 Microsoft Corporation skype // sling : 2015-07-30 DISH Technologies L.L.C. sling // smart : 2015-07-09 Smart Communications, Inc. (SMART) smart // smile : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. smile // sncf : 2015-02-19 Société Nationale des Chemins de fer Francais S N C F sncf // soccer : 2015-03-26 Binky Moon, LLC soccer // social : 2013-11-07 Dog Beach, LLC social // softbank : 2015-07-02 SoftBank Group Corp. softbank // software : 2014-03-20 Dog Beach, LLC software // sohu : 2013-12-19 Sohu.com Limited sohu // solar : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC solar // solutions : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC solutions // song : 2015-02-26 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. song // sony : 2015-01-08 Sony Corporation sony // soy : 2014-01-23 Charleston Road Registry Inc. soy // spa : 2019-09-19 Asia Spa and Wellness Promotion Council Limited spa // space : 2014-04-03 Radix FZC space // sport : 2017-11-16 Global Association of International Sports Federations (GAISF) sport // spot : 2015-02-26 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. spot // srl : 2015-05-07 InterNetX, Corp srl // stada : 2014-11-13 STADA Arzneimittel AG stada // staples : 2015-07-30 Staples, Inc. staples // star : 2015-01-08 Star India Private Limited star // statebank : 2015-03-12 STATE BANK OF INDIA statebank // statefarm : 2015-07-30 State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance Company statefarm // stc : 2014-10-09 Saudi Telecom Company stc // stcgroup : 2014-10-09 Saudi Telecom Company stcgroup // stockholm : 2014-12-18 Stockholms kommun stockholm // storage : 2014-12-22 XYZ.COM LLC storage // store : 2015-04-09 Radix FZC store // stream : 2016-01-08 dot Stream Limited stream // studio : 2015-02-11 Dog Beach, LLC studio // study : 2014-12-11 OPEN UNIVERSITIES AUSTRALIA PTY LTD study // style : 2014-12-04 Binky Moon, LLC style // sucks : 2014-12-22 Vox Populi Registry Ltd. sucks // supplies : 2013-12-19 Binky Moon, LLC supplies // supply : 2013-12-19 Binky Moon, LLC supply // support : 2013-10-24 Binky Moon, LLC support // surf : 2014-01-09 Registry Services, LLC surf // surgery : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC surgery // suzuki : 2014-02-20 SUZUKI MOTOR CORPORATION suzuki // swatch : 2015-01-08 The Swatch Group Ltd swatch // swiftcover : 2015-07-23 Swiftcover Insurance Services Limited swiftcover // swiss : 2014-10-16 Swiss Confederation swiss // sydney : 2014-09-18 State of New South Wales, Department of Premier and Cabinet sydney // systems : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC systems // tab : 2014-12-04 Tabcorp Holdings Limited tab // taipei : 2014-07-10 Taipei City Government taipei // talk : 2015-04-09 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. talk // taobao : 2015-01-15 Alibaba Group Holding Limited taobao // target : 2015-07-31 Target Domain Holdings, LLC target // tatamotors : 2015-03-12 Tata Motors Ltd tatamotors // tatar : 2014-04-24 Limited Liability Company "Coordination Center of Regional Domain of Tatarstan Republic" tatar // tattoo : 2013-08-30 UNR Corp. tattoo // tax : 2014-03-20 Binky Moon, LLC tax // taxi : 2015-03-19 Binky Moon, LLC taxi // tci : 2014-09-12 Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. tci // tdk : 2015-06-11 TDK Corporation tdk // team : 2015-03-05 Binky Moon, LLC team // tech : 2015-01-30 Radix FZC tech // technology : 2013-09-13 Binky Moon, LLC technology // temasek : 2014-08-07 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited temasek // tennis : 2014-12-04 Binky Moon, LLC tennis // teva : 2015-07-02 Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Limited teva // thd : 2015-04-02 Home Depot Product Authority, LLC thd // theater : 2015-03-19 Binky Moon, LLC theater // theatre : 2015-05-07 XYZ.COM LLC theatre // tiaa : 2015-07-23 Teachers Insurance and Annuity Association of America tiaa // tickets : 2015-02-05 XYZ.COM LLC tickets // tienda : 2013-11-14 Binky Moon, LLC tienda // tiffany : 2015-01-30 Tiffany and Company tiffany // tips : 2013-09-20 Binky Moon, LLC tips // tires : 2014-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC tires // tirol : 2014-04-24 punkt Tirol GmbH tirol // tjmaxx : 2015-07-16 The TJX Companies, Inc. tjmaxx // tjx : 2015-07-16 The TJX Companies, Inc. tjx // tkmaxx : 2015-07-16 The TJX Companies, Inc. tkmaxx // tmall : 2015-01-15 Alibaba Group Holding Limited tmall // today : 2013-09-20 Binky Moon, LLC today // tokyo : 2013-11-13 GMO Registry, Inc. tokyo // tools : 2013-11-21 Binky Moon, LLC tools // top : 2014-03-20 .TOP Registry top // toray : 2014-12-18 Toray Industries, Inc. toray // toshiba : 2014-04-10 TOSHIBA Corporation toshiba // total : 2015-08-06 Total SA total // tours : 2015-01-22 Binky Moon, LLC tours // town : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC town // toyota : 2015-04-23 TOYOTA MOTOR CORPORATION toyota // toys : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC toys // trade : 2014-01-23 Elite Registry Limited trade // trading : 2014-12-11 Dog Beach, LLC trading // training : 2013-11-07 Binky Moon, LLC training // travel : 2015-10-09 Dog Beach, LLC travel // travelchannel : 2015-07-02 Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. travelchannel // travelers : 2015-03-26 Travelers TLD, LLC travelers // travelersinsurance : 2015-03-26 Travelers TLD, LLC travelersinsurance // trust : 2014-10-16 UNR Corp. trust // trv : 2015-03-26 Travelers TLD, LLC trv // tube : 2015-06-11 Latin American Telecom LLC tube // tui : 2014-07-03 TUI AG tui // tunes : 2015-02-26 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. tunes // tushu : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. tushu // tvs : 2015-02-19 T V SUNDRAM IYENGAR & SONS LIMITED tvs // ubank : 2015-08-20 National Australia Bank Limited ubank // ubs : 2014-12-11 UBS AG ubs // unicom : 2015-10-15 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited unicom // university : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC university // uno : 2013-09-11 Radix FZC uno // uol : 2014-05-01 UBN INTERNET LTDA. uol // ups : 2015-06-25 UPS Market Driver, Inc. ups // vacations : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC vacations // vana : 2014-12-11 Lifestyle Domain Holdings, Inc. vana // vanguard : 2015-09-03 The Vanguard Group, Inc. vanguard // vegas : 2014-01-16 Dot Vegas, Inc. vegas // ventures : 2013-08-27 Binky Moon, LLC ventures // verisign : 2015-08-13 VeriSign, Inc. verisign // versicherung : 2014-03-20 tldbox GmbH versicherung // vet : 2014-03-06 Dog Beach, LLC vet // viajes : 2013-10-17 Binky Moon, LLC viajes // video : 2014-10-16 Dog Beach, LLC video // vig : 2015-05-14 VIENNA INSURANCE GROUP AG Wiener Versicherung Gruppe vig // viking : 2015-04-02 Viking River Cruises (Bermuda) Ltd. viking // villas : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC villas // vin : 2015-06-18 Binky Moon, LLC vin // vip : 2015-01-22 Registry Services, LLC vip // virgin : 2014-09-25 Virgin Enterprises Limited virgin // visa : 2015-07-30 Visa Worldwide Pte. Limited visa // vision : 2013-12-05 Binky Moon, LLC vision // viva : 2014-11-07 Saudi Telecom Company viva // vivo : 2015-07-31 Telefonica Brasil S.A. vivo // vlaanderen : 2014-02-06 DNS.be vzw vlaanderen // vodka : 2013-12-19 Registry Services, LLC vodka // volkswagen : 2015-05-14 Volkswagen Group of America Inc. volkswagen // volvo : 2015-11-12 Volvo Holding Sverige Aktiebolag volvo // vote : 2013-11-21 Monolith Registry LLC vote // voting : 2013-11-13 Valuetainment Corp. voting // voto : 2013-11-21 Monolith Registry LLC voto // voyage : 2013-08-27 Binky Moon, LLC voyage // vuelos : 2015-03-05 Travel Reservations SRL vuelos // wales : 2014-05-08 Nominet UK wales // walmart : 2015-07-31 Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. walmart // walter : 2014-11-13 Sandvik AB walter // wang : 2013-10-24 Zodiac Wang Limited wang // wanggou : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. wanggou // watch : 2013-11-14 Binky Moon, LLC watch // watches : 2014-12-22 Afilias Limited watches // weather : 2015-01-08 International Business Machines Corporation weather // weatherchannel : 2015-03-12 International Business Machines Corporation weatherchannel // webcam : 2014-01-23 dot Webcam Limited webcam // weber : 2015-06-04 Saint-Gobain Weber SA weber // website : 2014-04-03 Radix FZC website // wedding : 2014-04-24 Registry Services, LLC wedding // weibo : 2015-03-05 Sina Corporation weibo // weir : 2015-01-29 Weir Group IP Limited weir // whoswho : 2014-02-20 Who's Who Registry whoswho // wien : 2013-10-28 punkt.wien GmbH wien // wiki : 2013-11-07 Top Level Design, LLC wiki // williamhill : 2014-03-13 William Hill Organization Limited williamhill // win : 2014-11-20 First Registry Limited win // windows : 2014-12-18 Microsoft Corporation windows // wine : 2015-06-18 Binky Moon, LLC wine // winners : 2015-07-16 The TJX Companies, Inc. winners // wme : 2014-02-13 William Morris Endeavor Entertainment, LLC wme // wolterskluwer : 2015-08-06 Wolters Kluwer N.V. wolterskluwer // woodside : 2015-07-09 Woodside Petroleum Limited woodside // work : 2013-12-19 Registry Services, LLC work // works : 2013-11-14 Binky Moon, LLC works // world : 2014-06-12 Binky Moon, LLC world // wow : 2015-10-08 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. wow // wtc : 2013-12-19 World Trade Centers Association, Inc. wtc // wtf : 2014-03-06 Binky Moon, LLC wtf // xbox : 2014-12-18 Microsoft Corporation xbox // xerox : 2014-10-24 Xerox DNHC LLC xerox // xfinity : 2015-07-09 Comcast IP Holdings I, LLC xfinity // xihuan : 2015-01-08 Beijing Qihu Keji Co., Ltd. xihuan // xin : 2014-12-11 Elegant Leader Limited xin // xn--11b4c3d : 2015-01-15 VeriSign Sarl xn--11b4c3d // xn--1ck2e1b : 2015-02-26 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. xn--1ck2e1b // xn--1qqw23a : 2014-01-09 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. xn--1qqw23a // xn--30rr7y : 2014-06-12 Excellent First Limited xn--30rr7y // xn--3bst00m : 2013-09-13 Eagle Horizon Limited xn--3bst00m // xn--3ds443g : 2013-09-08 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED OY xn--3ds443g // xn--3oq18vl8pn36a : 2015-07-02 Volkswagen (China) Investment Co., Ltd. xn--3oq18vl8pn36a // xn--3pxu8k : 2015-01-15 VeriSign Sarl xn--3pxu8k // xn--42c2d9a : 2015-01-15 VeriSign Sarl xn--42c2d9a // xn--45q11c : 2013-11-21 Zodiac Gemini Ltd xn--45q11c // xn--4gbrim : 2013-10-04 Fans TLD Limited xn--4gbrim // xn--55qw42g : 2013-11-08 China Organizational Name Administration Center xn--55qw42g // xn--55qx5d : 2013-11-14 China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) xn--55qx5d // xn--5su34j936bgsg : 2015-09-03 Shangri‐La International Hotel Management Limited xn--5su34j936bgsg // xn--5tzm5g : 2014-12-22 Global Website TLD Asia Limited xn--5tzm5g // xn--6frz82g : 2013-09-23 Afilias Limited xn--6frz82g // xn--6qq986b3xl : 2013-09-13 Tycoon Treasure Limited xn--6qq986b3xl // xn--80adxhks : 2013-12-19 Foundation for Assistance for Internet Technologies and Infrastructure Development (FAITID) xn--80adxhks // xn--80aqecdr1a : 2015-10-21 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) xn--80aqecdr1a // xn--80asehdb : 2013-07-14 CORE Association xn--80asehdb // xn--80aswg : 2013-07-14 CORE Association xn--80aswg // xn--8y0a063a : 2015-03-26 China United Network Communications Corporation Limited xn--8y0a063a // xn--9dbq2a : 2015-01-15 VeriSign Sarl xn--9dbq2a // xn--9et52u : 2014-06-12 RISE VICTORY LIMITED xn--9et52u // xn--9krt00a : 2015-03-12 Sina Corporation xn--9krt00a // xn--b4w605ferd : 2014-08-07 Temasek Holdings (Private) Limited xn--b4w605ferd // xn--bck1b9a5dre4c : 2015-02-26 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. xn--bck1b9a5dre4c // xn--c1avg : 2013-11-14 Public Interest Registry xn--c1avg // xn--c2br7g : 2015-01-15 VeriSign Sarl xn--c2br7g // xn--cck2b3b : 2015-02-26 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. xn--cck2b3b // xn--cckwcxetd : 2019-12-19 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. xn--cckwcxetd // xn--cg4bki : 2013-09-27 SAMSUNG SDS CO., LTD xn--cg4bki // xn--czr694b : 2014-01-16 Internet DotTrademark Organisation Limited xn--czr694b // xn--czrs0t : 2013-12-19 Binky Moon, LLC xn--czrs0t // xn--czru2d : 2013-11-21 Zodiac Aquarius Limited xn--czru2d // xn--d1acj3b : 2013-11-20 The Foundation for Network Initiatives “The Smart Internet” xn--d1acj3b // xn--eckvdtc9d : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. xn--eckvdtc9d // xn--efvy88h : 2014-08-22 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. xn--efvy88h // xn--fct429k : 2015-04-09 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. xn--fct429k // xn--fhbei : 2015-01-15 VeriSign Sarl xn--fhbei // xn--fiq228c5hs : 2013-09-08 TLD REGISTRY LIMITED OY xn--fiq228c5hs // xn--fiq64b : 2013-10-14 CITIC Group Corporation xn--fiq64b // xn--fjq720a : 2014-05-22 Binky Moon, LLC xn--fjq720a // xn--flw351e : 2014-07-31 Charleston Road Registry Inc. xn--flw351e // xn--fzys8d69uvgm : 2015-05-14 PCCW Enterprises Limited xn--fzys8d69uvgm // xn--g2xx48c : 2015-01-30 Nawang Heli(Xiamen) Network Service Co., LTD. xn--g2xx48c // xn--gckr3f0f : 2015-02-26 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. xn--gckr3f0f // xn--gk3at1e : 2015-10-08 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. xn--gk3at1e // xn--hxt814e : 2014-05-15 Zodiac Taurus Limited xn--hxt814e // xn--i1b6b1a6a2e : 2013-11-14 Public Interest Registry xn--i1b6b1a6a2e // xn--imr513n : 2014-12-11 Internet DotTrademark Organisation Limited xn--imr513n // xn--io0a7i : 2013-11-14 China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC) xn--io0a7i // xn--j1aef : 2015-01-15 VeriSign Sarl xn--j1aef // xn--jlq480n2rg : 2019-12-19 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. xn--jlq480n2rg // xn--jlq61u9w7b : 2015-01-08 Nokia Corporation xn--jlq61u9w7b // xn--jvr189m : 2015-02-26 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. xn--jvr189m // xn--kcrx77d1x4a : 2014-11-07 Koninklijke Philips N.V. xn--kcrx77d1x4a // xn--kput3i : 2014-02-13 Beijing RITT-Net Technology Development Co., Ltd xn--kput3i // xn--mgba3a3ejt : 2014-11-20 Aramco Services Company xn--mgba3a3ejt // xn--mgba7c0bbn0a : 2015-05-14 Crescent Holding GmbH xn--mgba7c0bbn0a // xn--mgbaakc7dvf : 2015-09-03 Emirates Telecommunications Corporation (trading as Etisalat) xn--mgbaakc7dvf // xn--mgbab2bd : 2013-10-31 CORE Association xn--mgbab2bd // xn--mgbca7dzdo : 2015-07-30 Abu Dhabi Systems and Information Centre xn--mgbca7dzdo // xn--mgbi4ecexp : 2015-10-21 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) xn--mgbi4ecexp // xn--mgbt3dhd : 2014-09-04 Asia Green IT System Bilgisayar San. ve Tic. Ltd. Sti. xn--mgbt3dhd // xn--mk1bu44c : 2015-01-15 VeriSign Sarl xn--mk1bu44c // xn--mxtq1m : 2014-03-06 Net-Chinese Co., Ltd. xn--mxtq1m // xn--ngbc5azd : 2013-07-13 International Domain Registry Pty. Ltd. xn--ngbc5azd // xn--ngbe9e0a : 2014-12-04 Kuwait Finance House xn--ngbe9e0a // xn--ngbrx : 2015-11-12 League of Arab States xn--ngbrx // xn--nqv7f : 2013-11-14 Public Interest Registry xn--nqv7f // xn--nqv7fs00ema : 2013-11-14 Public Interest Registry xn--nqv7fs00ema // xn--nyqy26a : 2014-11-07 Stable Tone Limited xn--nyqy26a // xn--otu796d : 2017-08-06 Jiang Yu Liang Cai Technology Company Limited xn--otu796d // xn--p1acf : 2013-12-12 Rusnames Limited xn--p1acf // xn--pssy2u : 2015-01-15 VeriSign Sarl xn--pssy2u // xn--q9jyb4c : 2013-09-17 Charleston Road Registry Inc. xn--q9jyb4c // xn--qcka1pmc : 2014-07-31 Charleston Road Registry Inc. xn--qcka1pmc // xn--rhqv96g : 2013-09-11 Stable Tone Limited xn--rhqv96g // xn--rovu88b : 2015-02-26 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. xn--rovu88b // xn--ses554g : 2014-01-16 KNET Co., Ltd. xn--ses554g // xn--t60b56a : 2015-01-15 VeriSign Sarl xn--t60b56a // xn--tckwe : 2015-01-15 VeriSign Sarl xn--tckwe // xn--tiq49xqyj : 2015-10-21 Pontificium Consilium de Comunicationibus Socialibus (PCCS) (Pontifical Council for Social Communication) xn--tiq49xqyj // xn--unup4y : 2013-07-14 Binky Moon, LLC xn--unup4y // xn--vermgensberater-ctb : 2014-06-23 Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG xn--vermgensberater-ctb // xn--vermgensberatung-pwb : 2014-06-23 Deutsche Vermögensberatung Aktiengesellschaft DVAG xn--vermgensberatung-pwb // xn--vhquv : 2013-08-27 Binky Moon, LLC xn--vhquv // xn--vuq861b : 2014-10-16 Beijing Tele-info Network Technology Co., Ltd. xn--vuq861b // xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra : 2015-04-30 Kerry Trading Co. Limited xn--w4r85el8fhu5dnra // xn--w4rs40l : 2015-07-30 Kerry Trading Co. Limited xn--w4rs40l // xn--xhq521b : 2013-11-14 Guangzhou YU Wei Information Technology Co., Ltd. xn--xhq521b // xn--zfr164b : 2013-11-08 China Organizational Name Administration Center xn--zfr164b // xyz : 2013-12-05 XYZ.COM LLC xyz // yachts : 2014-01-09 XYZ.COM LLC yachts // yahoo : 2015-04-02 Oath Inc. yahoo // yamaxun : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. yamaxun // yandex : 2014-04-10 Yandex Europe B.V. yandex // yodobashi : 2014-11-20 YODOBASHI CAMERA CO.,LTD. yodobashi // yoga : 2014-05-29 Registry Services, LLC yoga // yokohama : 2013-12-12 GMO Registry, Inc. yokohama // you : 2015-04-09 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. you // youtube : 2014-05-01 Charleston Road Registry Inc. youtube // yun : 2015-01-08 Beijing Qihu Keji Co., Ltd. yun // zappos : 2015-06-25 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. zappos // zara : 2014-11-07 Industria de Diseño Textil, S.A. (INDITEX, S.A.) zara // zero : 2014-12-18 Amazon Registry Services, Inc. zero // zip : 2014-05-08 Charleston Road Registry Inc. zip // zone : 2013-11-14 Binky Moon, LLC zone // zuerich : 2014-11-07 Kanton Zürich (Canton of Zurich) zuerich // ===END ICANN DOMAINS=== // ===BEGIN PRIVATE DOMAINS=== // (Note: these are in alphabetical order by company name) // 1GB LLC : https://www.1gb.ua/ // Submitted by 1GB LLC <noc@1gb.com.ua> cc.ua inf.ua ltd.ua // 611coin : https://611project.org/ 611.to // Aaron Marais' Gitlab pages: https://lab.aaronleem.co.za // Submitted by Aaron Marais <its_me@aaronleem.co.za> graphox.us // accesso Technology Group, plc. : https://accesso.com/ // Submitted by accesso Team <accessoecommerce@accesso.com> .devcdnaccesso.com // Adobe : https://www.adobe.com/ // Submitted by Ian Boston <boston@adobe.com> and Lars Trieloff <trieloff@adobe.com> adobeaemcloud.com .dev.adobeaemcloud.com hlx.live adobeaemcloud.net hlx.page hlx3.page // Agnat sp. z o.o. : https://domena.pl // Submitted by Przemyslaw Plewa <it-admin@domena.pl> beep.pl // alboto.ca : http://alboto.ca // Submitted by Anton Avramov <avramov@alboto.ca> barsy.ca // Alces Software Ltd : http://alces-software.com // Submitted by Mark J. Titorenko <mark.titorenko@alces-software.com> .compute.estate .alces.network // all-inkl.com : https://all-inkl.com // Submitted by Werner Kaltofen <wk@all-inkl.com> kasserver.com // Altervista: https://www.altervista.org // Submitted by Carlo Cannas <tech_staff@altervista.it> altervista.org // alwaysdata : https://www.alwaysdata.com // Submitted by Cyril <admin@alwaysdata.com> alwaysdata.net // Amazon CloudFront : https://aws.amazon.com/cloudfront/ // Submitted by Donavan Miller <donavanm@amazon.com> cloudfront.net // Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud : https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/ // Submitted by Luke Wells <psl-maintainers@amazon.com> .compute.amazonaws.com .compute-1.amazonaws.com .compute.amazonaws.com.cn us-east-1.amazonaws.com // Amazon Elastic Beanstalk : https://aws.amazon.com/elasticbeanstalk/ // Submitted by Luke Wells <psl-maintainers@amazon.com> cn-north-1.eb.amazonaws.com.cn cn-northwest-1.eb.amazonaws.com.cn elasticbeanstalk.com ap-northeast-1.elasticbeanstalk.com ap-northeast-2.elasticbeanstalk.com ap-northeast-3.elasticbeanstalk.com ap-south-1.elasticbeanstalk.com ap-southeast-1.elasticbeanstalk.com ap-southeast-2.elasticbeanstalk.com ca-central-1.elasticbeanstalk.com eu-central-1.elasticbeanstalk.com eu-west-1.elasticbeanstalk.com eu-west-2.elasticbeanstalk.com eu-west-3.elasticbeanstalk.com sa-east-1.elasticbeanstalk.com us-east-1.elasticbeanstalk.com us-east-2.elasticbeanstalk.com us-gov-west-1.elasticbeanstalk.com us-west-1.elasticbeanstalk.com us-west-2.elasticbeanstalk.com // Amazon Elastic Load Balancing : https://aws.amazon.com/elasticloadbalancing/ // Submitted by Luke Wells <psl-maintainers@amazon.com> .elb.amazonaws.com .elb.amazonaws.com.cn // Amazon Global Accelerator : https://aws.amazon.com/global-accelerator/ // Submitted by Daniel Massaguer <psl-maintainers@amazon.com> awsglobalaccelerator.com // Amazon S3 : https://aws.amazon.com/s3/ // Submitted by Luke Wells <psl-maintainers@amazon.com> s3.amazonaws.com s3-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com s3-ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com s3-ap-south-1.amazonaws.com s3-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com s3-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com s3-ca-central-1.amazonaws.com s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com s3-eu-west-2.amazonaws.com s3-eu-west-3.amazonaws.com s3-external-1.amazonaws.com s3-fips-us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com s3-sa-east-1.amazonaws.com s3-us-gov-west-1.amazonaws.com s3-us-east-2.amazonaws.com s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com s3-us-west-2.amazonaws.com s3.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com s3.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com s3.cn-north-1.amazonaws.com.cn s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com s3.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com s3.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com s3.eu-west-3.amazonaws.com s3.us-east-2.amazonaws.com s3.dualstack.ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com s3.dualstack.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com s3.dualstack.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com s3.dualstack.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com s3.dualstack.ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com s3.dualstack.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com s3.dualstack.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com s3.dualstack.eu-west-1.amazonaws.com s3.dualstack.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com s3.dualstack.eu-west-3.amazonaws.com s3.dualstack.sa-east-1.amazonaws.com s3.dualstack.us-east-1.amazonaws.com s3.dualstack.us-east-2.amazonaws.com s3-website-us-east-1.amazonaws.com s3-website-us-west-1.amazonaws.com s3-website-us-west-2.amazonaws.com s3-website-ap-northeast-1.amazonaws.com s3-website-ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com s3-website-ap-southeast-2.amazonaws.com s3-website-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com s3-website-sa-east-1.amazonaws.com s3-website.ap-northeast-2.amazonaws.com s3-website.ap-south-1.amazonaws.com s3-website.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com s3-website.eu-central-1.amazonaws.com s3-website.eu-west-2.amazonaws.com s3-website.eu-west-3.amazonaws.com s3-website.us-east-2.amazonaws.com // Amsterdam Wireless: https://www.amsterdamwireless.nl/ // Submitted by Imre Jonk <hostmaster@amsterdamwireless.nl> amsw.nl // Amune : https://amune.org/ // Submitted by Team Amune <cert@amune.org> t3l3p0rt.net tele.amune.org // Apigee : https://apigee.com/ // Submitted by Apigee Security Team <security@apigee.com> apigee.io // Appspace : https://www.appspace.com // Submitted by Appspace Security Team <security@appspace.com> appspacehosted.com appspaceusercontent.com // Appudo UG (haftungsbeschränkt) : https://www.appudo.com // Submitted by Alexander Hochbaum <admin@appudo.com> appudo.net // Aptible : https://www.aptible.com/ // Submitted by Thomas Orozco <thomas@aptible.com> on-aptible.com // ASEINet : https://www.aseinet.com/ // Submitted by Asei SEKIGUCHI <mail@aseinet.com> user.aseinet.ne.jp gv.vc d.gv.vc // Asociación Amigos de la Informática "Euskalamiga" : http://encounter.eus/ // Submitted by Hector Martin <marcan@euskalencounter.org> user.party.eus // Association potager.org : https://potager.org/ // Submitted by Lunar <jardiniers@potager.org> pimienta.org poivron.org potager.org sweetpepper.org // ASUSTOR Inc. : http://www.asustor.com // Submitted by Vincent Tseng <vincenttseng@asustor.com> myasustor.com // Atlassian : https://atlassian.com // Submitted by Sam Smyth <devloop@atlassian.com> cdn.prod.atlassian-dev.net // AVM : https://avm.de // Submitted by Andreas Weise <a.weise@avm.de> myfritz.net // AVStack Pte. Ltd. : https://avstack.io // Submitted by Jasper Hugo <jasper@avstack.io> onavstack.net // AW AdvisorWebsites.com Software Inc : https://advisorwebsites.com // Submitted by James Kennedy <domains@advisorwebsites.com> .awdev.ca .advisor.ws // b-data GmbH : https://www.b-data.io // Submitted by Olivier Benz <olivier.benz@b-data.ch> b-data.io // backplane : https://www.backplane.io // Submitted by Anthony Voutas <anthony@backplane.io> backplaneapp.io // Balena : https://www.balena.io // Submitted by Petros Angelatos <petrosagg@balena.io> balena-devices.com // University of Banja Luka : https://unibl.org // Domains for Republic of Srpska administrative entity. // Submitted by Marko Ivanovic <kormang@hotmail.rs> rs.ba // Banzai Cloud // Submitted by Janos Matyas <info@banzaicloud.com> .banzai.cloud app.banzaicloud.io .backyards.banzaicloud.io // BetaInABox // Submitted by Adrian <adrian@betainabox.com> betainabox.com // BinaryLane : http://www.binarylane.com // Submitted by Nathan O'Sullivan <nathan@mammoth.com.au> bnr.la // Bitbucket : http://bitbucket.org // Submitted by Andy Ortlieb <aortlieb@atlassian.com> bitbucket.io // Blackbaud, Inc. : https://www.blackbaud.com // Submitted by Paul Crowder <paul.crowder@blackbaud.com> blackbaudcdn.net // Blatech : http://www.blatech.net // Submitted by Luke Bratch <luke@bratch.co.uk> of.je // Blue Bite, LLC : https://bluebite.com // Submitted by Joshua Weiss <admin.engineering@bluebite.com> bluebite.io // Boomla : https://boomla.com // Submitted by Tibor Halter <thalter@boomla.com> boomla.net // Boutir : https://www.boutir.com // Submitted by Eric Ng Ka Ka <ngkaka@boutir.com> boutir.com // Boxfuse : https://boxfuse.com // Submitted by Axel Fontaine <axel@boxfuse.com> boxfuse.io // bplaced : https://www.bplaced.net/ // Submitted by Miroslav Bozic <security@bplaced.net> square7.ch bplaced.com bplaced.de square7.de bplaced.net square7.net // Brendly : https://brendly.rs // Submitted by Dusan Radovanovic <dusan.radovanovic@brendly.rs> shop.brendly.rs // BrowserSafetyMark // Submitted by Dave Tharp <browsersafetymark.io@quicinc.com> browsersafetymark.io // Bytemark Hosting : https://www.bytemark.co.uk // Submitted by Paul Cammish <paul.cammish@bytemark.co.uk> uk0.bigv.io dh.bytemark.co.uk vm.bytemark.co.uk // Caf.js Labs LLC : https://www.cafjs.com // Submitted by Antonio Lain <antlai@cafjs.com> cafjs.com // callidomus : https://www.callidomus.com/ // Submitted by Marcus Popp <admin@callidomus.com> mycd.eu // Carrd : https://carrd.co // Submitted by AJ <aj@carrd.co> drr.ac uwu.ai carrd.co crd.co ju.mp // CentralNic : http://www.centralnic.com/names/domains // Submitted by registry <gavin.brown@centralnic.com> ae.org br.com cn.com com.de com.se de.com eu.com gb.net hu.net jp.net jpn.com mex.com ru.com sa.com se.net uk.com uk.net us.com za.bz za.com // No longer operated by CentralNic, these entries should be adopted and/or removed by current operators // Submitted by Gavin Brown <gavin.brown@centralnic.com> ar.com gb.com hu.com kr.com no.com qc.com uy.com // Africa.com Web Solutions Ltd : https://registry.africa.com // Submitted by Gavin Brown <gavin.brown@centralnic.com> africa.com // iDOT Services Limited : http://www.domain.gr.com // Submitted by Gavin Brown <gavin.brown@centralnic.com> gr.com // Radix FZC : http://domains.in.net // Submitted by Gavin Brown <gavin.brown@centralnic.com> in.net web.in // US REGISTRY LLC : http://us.org // Submitted by Gavin Brown <gavin.brown@centralnic.com> us.org // co.com Registry, LLC : https://registry.co.com // Submitted by Gavin Brown <gavin.brown@centralnic.com> co.com // Roar Domains LLC : https://roar.basketball/ // Submitted by Gavin Brown <gavin.brown@centralnic.com> aus.basketball nz.basketball // BRS Media : https://brsmedia.com/ // Submitted by Gavin Brown <gavin.brown@centralnic.com> radio.am radio.fm // c.la : http://www.c.la/ c.la // certmgr.org : https://certmgr.org // Submitted by B. Blechschmidt <hostmaster@certmgr.org> certmgr.org // Cityhost LLC : https://cityhost.ua // Submitted by Maksym Rivtin <support@cityhost.net.ua> cx.ua // Civilized Discourse Construction Kit, Inc. : https://www.discourse.org/ // Submitted by Rishabh Nambiar & Michael Brown <team@discourse.org> discourse.group discourse.team // ClearVox : http://www.clearvox.nl/ // Submitted by Leon Rowland <leon@clearvox.nl> virtueeldomein.nl // Clever Cloud : https://www.clever-cloud.com/ // Submitted by Quentin Adam <noc@clever-cloud.com> cleverapps.io // Clerk : https://www.clerk.dev // Submitted by Colin Sidoti <systems@clerk.dev> .lcl.dev .lclstage.dev .stg.dev .stgstage.dev // Clic2000 : https://clic2000.fr // Submitted by Mathilde Blanchemanche <mathilde@clic2000.fr> clic2000.net // ClickRising : https://clickrising.com/ // Submitted by Umut Gumeli <infrastructure-publicsuffixlist@clickrising.com> clickrising.net // Cloud66 : https://www.cloud66.com/ // Submitted by Khash Sajadi <khash@cloud66.com> c66.me cloud66.ws cloud66.zone // CloudAccess.net : https://www.cloudaccess.net/ // Submitted by Pawel Panek <noc@cloudaccess.net> jdevcloud.com wpdevcloud.com cloudaccess.host freesite.host cloudaccess.net // cloudControl : https://www.cloudcontrol.com/ // Submitted by Tobias Wilken <tw@cloudcontrol.com> cloudcontrolled.com cloudcontrolapp.com // Cloudera, Inc. : https://www.cloudera.com/ // Submitted by Philip Langdale <security@cloudera.com> cloudera.site // Cloudflare, Inc. : https://www.cloudflare.com/ // Submitted by Cloudflare Team <publicsuffixlist@cloudflare.com> pages.dev trycloudflare.com workers.dev // Clovyr : https://clovyr.io // Submitted by Patrick Nielsen <patrick@clovyr.io> wnext.app // co.ca : http://registry.co.ca/ co.ca // Co & Co : https://co-co.nl/ // Submitted by Govert Versluis <govert@co-co.nl> .otap.co // i-registry s.r.o. : http://www.i-registry.cz/ // Submitted by Martin Semrad <semrad@i-registry.cz> co.cz // CDN77.com : http://www.cdn77.com // Submitted by Jan Krpes <jan.krpes@cdn77.com> c.cdn77.org cdn77-ssl.net r.cdn77.net rsc.cdn77.org ssl.origin.cdn77-secure.org // Cloud DNS Ltd : http://www.cloudns.net // Submitted by Aleksander Hristov <noc@cloudns.net> cloudns.asia cloudns.biz cloudns.club cloudns.cc cloudns.eu cloudns.in cloudns.info cloudns.org cloudns.pro cloudns.pw cloudns.us // CNPY : https://cnpy.gdn // Submitted by Angelo Gladding <angelo@lahacker.net> cnpy.gdn // CoDNS B.V. co.nl co.no // Combell.com : https://www.combell.com // Submitted by Thomas Wouters <thomas.wouters@combellgroup.com> webhosting.be hosting-cluster.nl // Coordination Center for TLD RU and XN--P1AI : https://cctld.ru/en/domains/domens_ru/reserved/ // Submitted by George Georgievsky <gug@cctld.ru> ac.ru edu.ru gov.ru int.ru mil.ru test.ru // COSIMO GmbH : http://www.cosimo.de // Submitted by Rene Marticke <rmarticke@cosimo.de> dyn.cosidns.de dynamisches-dns.de dnsupdater.de internet-dns.de l-o-g-i-n.de dynamic-dns.info feste-ip.net knx-server.net static-access.net // Craynic, s.r.o. : http://www.craynic.com/ // Submitted by Ales Krajnik <ales.krajnik@craynic.com> realm.cz // Cryptonomic : https://cryptonomic.net/ // Submitted by Andrew Cady <public-suffix-list@cryptonomic.net> .cryptonomic.net // Cupcake : https://cupcake.io/ // Submitted by Jonathan Rudenberg <jonathan@cupcake.io> cupcake.is // Curv UG : https://curv-labs.de/ // Submitted by Marvin Wiesner <Marvin@curv-labs.de> curv.dev // Customer OCI - Oracle Dyn https://cloud.oracle.com/home https://dyn.com/dns/ // Submitted by Gregory Drake <support@dyn.com> // Note: This is intended to also include customer-oci.com due to wildcards implicitly including the current label .customer-oci.com .oci.customer-oci.com .ocp.customer-oci.com .ocs.customer-oci.com // cyon GmbH : https://www.cyon.ch/ // Submitted by Dominic Luechinger <dol@cyon.ch> cyon.link cyon.site // Danger Science Group: https://dangerscience.com/ // Submitted by Skylar MacDonald <skylar@dangerscience.com> fnwk.site folionetwork.site platform0.app // Daplie, Inc : https://daplie.com // Submitted by AJ ONeal <aj@daplie.com> daplie.me localhost.daplie.me // Datto, Inc. : https://www.datto.com/ // Submitted by Philipp Heckel <ph@datto.com> dattolocal.com dattorelay.com dattoweb.com mydatto.com dattolocal.net mydatto.net // Dansk.net : http://www.dansk.net/ // Submitted by Anani Voule <digital@digital.co.dk> biz.dk co.dk firm.dk reg.dk store.dk // dappnode.io : https://dappnode.io/ // Submitted by Abel Boldu / DAppNode Team <community@dappnode.io> dyndns.dappnode.io // dapps.earth : https://dapps.earth/ // Submitted by Daniil Burdakov <icqkill@gmail.com> .dapps.earth .bzz.dapps.earth // Dark, Inc. : https://darklang.com // Submitted by Paul Biggar <ops@darklang.com> builtwithdark.com // DataDetect, LLC. : https://datadetect.com // Submitted by Andrew Banchich <abanchich@sceven.com> demo.datadetect.com instance.datadetect.com // Datawire, Inc : https://www.datawire.io // Submitted by Richard Li <secalert@datawire.io> edgestack.me // DDNS5 : https://ddns5.com // Submitted by Cameron Elliott <cameron@cameronelliott.com> ddns5.com // Debian : https://www.debian.org/ // Submitted by Peter Palfrader / Debian Sysadmin Team <dsa-publicsuffixlist@debian.org> debian.net // Deno Land Inc : https://deno.com/ // Submitted by Luca Casonato <hostmaster@deno.com> deno.dev deno-staging.dev // deSEC : https://desec.io/ // Submitted by Peter Thomassen <peter@desec.io> dedyn.io // DNS Africa Ltd https://dns.business // Submitted by Calvin Browne <calvin@dns.business> jozi.biz // DNShome : https://www.dnshome.de/ // Submitted by Norbert Auler <mail@dnshome.de> dnshome.de // DotArai : https://www.dotarai.com/ // Submitted by Atsadawat Netcharadsang <atsadawat@dotarai.co.th> online.th shop.th // DrayTek Corp. : https://www.draytek.com/ // Submitted by Paul Fang <mis@draytek.com> drayddns.com // DreamCommerce : https://shoper.pl/ // Submitted by Konrad Kotarba <konrad.kotarba@dreamcommerce.com> shoparena.pl // DreamHost : http://www.dreamhost.com/ // Submitted by Andrew Farmer <andrew.farmer@dreamhost.com> dreamhosters.com // Drobo : http://www.drobo.com/ // Submitted by Ricardo Padilha <rpadilha@drobo.com> mydrobo.com // Drud Holdings, LLC. : https://www.drud.com/ // Submitted by Kevin Bridges <kevin@drud.com> drud.io drud.us // DuckDNS : http://www.duckdns.org/ // Submitted by Richard Harper <richard@duckdns.org> duckdns.org // Bip : https://bip.sh // Submitted by Joel Kennedy <joel@bip.sh> bip.sh // bitbridge.net : Submitted by Craig Welch, abeliidev@gmail.com bitbridge.net // dy.fi : http://dy.fi/ // Submitted by Heikki Hannikainen <hessu@hes.iki.fi> dy.fi tunk.org // DynDNS.com : http://www.dyndns.com/services/dns/dyndns/ dyndns-at-home.com dyndns-at-work.com dyndns-blog.com dyndns-free.com dyndns-home.com dyndns-ip.com dyndns-mail.com dyndns-office.com dyndns-pics.com dyndns-remote.com dyndns-server.com dyndns-web.com dyndns-wiki.com dyndns-work.com dyndns.biz dyndns.info dyndns.org dyndns.tv at-band-camp.net ath.cx barrel-of-knowledge.info barrell-of-knowledge.info better-than.tv blogdns.com blogdns.net blogdns.org blogsite.org boldlygoingnowhere.org broke-it.net buyshouses.net cechire.com dnsalias.com dnsalias.net dnsalias.org dnsdojo.com dnsdojo.net dnsdojo.org does-it.net doesntexist.com doesntexist.org dontexist.com dontexist.net dontexist.org doomdns.com doomdns.org dvrdns.org dyn-o-saur.com dynalias.com dynalias.net dynalias.org dynathome.net dyndns.ws endofinternet.net endofinternet.org endoftheinternet.org est-a-la-maison.com est-a-la-masion.com est-le-patron.com est-mon-blogueur.com for-better.biz for-more.biz for-our.info for-some.biz for-the.biz forgot.her.name forgot.his.name from-ak.com from-al.com from-ar.com from-az.net from-ca.com from-co.net from-ct.com from-dc.com from-de.com from-fl.com from-ga.com from-hi.com from-ia.com from-id.com from-il.com from-in.com from-ks.com 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edu.eu.org ee.eu.org es.eu.org fi.eu.org fr.eu.org gr.eu.org hr.eu.org hu.eu.org ie.eu.org il.eu.org in.eu.org int.eu.org is.eu.org it.eu.org jp.eu.org kr.eu.org lt.eu.org lu.eu.org lv.eu.org mc.eu.org me.eu.org mk.eu.org mt.eu.org my.eu.org net.eu.org ng.eu.org nl.eu.org no.eu.org nz.eu.org paris.eu.org pl.eu.org pt.eu.org q-a.eu.org ro.eu.org ru.eu.org se.eu.org si.eu.org sk.eu.org tr.eu.org uk.eu.org us.eu.org // Eurobyte : https://eurobyte.ru // Submitted by Evgeniy Subbotin <e.subbotin@eurobyte.ru> eurodir.ru // Evennode : http://www.evennode.com/ // Submitted by Michal Kralik <support@evennode.com> eu-1.evennode.com eu-2.evennode.com eu-3.evennode.com eu-4.evennode.com us-1.evennode.com us-2.evennode.com us-3.evennode.com us-4.evennode.com // eDirect Corp. : https://hosting.url.com.tw/ // Submitted by C.S. chang <cschang@corp.url.com.tw> twmail.cc twmail.net twmail.org mymailer.com.tw url.tw // Fabrica Technologies, Inc. : https://www.fabrica.dev/ // Submitted by Eric Jiang 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tuva.su vladikavkaz.su vladimir.su vologda.su // Fancy Bits, LLC : http://getchannels.com // Submitted by Aman Gupta <aman@getchannels.com> channelsdvr.net u.channelsdvr.net // Fastly Inc. : http://www.fastly.com/ // Submitted by Fastly Security <security@fastly.com> edgecompute.app fastly-terrarium.com fastlylb.net map.fastlylb.net freetls.fastly.net map.fastly.net a.prod.fastly.net global.prod.fastly.net a.ssl.fastly.net b.ssl.fastly.net global.ssl.fastly.net // FASTVPS EESTI OU : https://fastvps.ru/ // Submitted by Likhachev Vasiliy <lihachev@fastvps.ru> fastvps-server.com fastvps.host myfast.host fastvps.site myfast.space // Fedora : https://fedoraproject.org/ // submitted by Patrick Uiterwijk <puiterwijk@fedoraproject.org> fedorainfracloud.org fedorapeople.org cloud.fedoraproject.org app.os.fedoraproject.org app.os.stg.fedoraproject.org // FearWorks Media Ltd. : https://fearworksmedia.co.uk // submitted by Keith Fairley <domains@fearworksmedia.co.uk> couk.me ukco.me conn.uk 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blogspot.com.ee blogspot.com.eg blogspot.com.es blogspot.com.mt blogspot.com.ng blogspot.com.tr blogspot.com.uy blogspot.cv blogspot.cz blogspot.de blogspot.dk blogspot.fi blogspot.fr blogspot.gr blogspot.hk blogspot.hr blogspot.hu blogspot.ie blogspot.in blogspot.is blogspot.it blogspot.jp blogspot.kr blogspot.li blogspot.lt blogspot.lu blogspot.md blogspot.mk blogspot.mr blogspot.mx blogspot.my blogspot.nl blogspot.no blogspot.pe blogspot.pt blogspot.qa blogspot.re blogspot.ro blogspot.rs blogspot.ru blogspot.se blogspot.sg blogspot.si blogspot.sk blogspot.sn blogspot.td blogspot.tw blogspot.ug blogspot.vn // Goupile : https://goupile.fr // Submitted by Niels Martignene <hello@goupile.fr> goupile.fr // Group 53, LLC : https://www.group53.com // Submitted by Tyler Todd <noc@nova53.net> awsmppl.com // GünstigBestellen : https://günstigbestellen.de // Submitted by Furkan Akkoc <info@hendelzon.de> xn--gnstigbestellen-zvb.de xn--gnstigliefern-wob.de // Hakaran group: http://hakaran.cz // 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paas.datacenter.fi jele.host mircloud.host paas.beebyte.io sekd1.beebyteapp.io jele.io cloud-fr1.unispace.io jc.neen.it cloud.jelastic.open.tim.it jcloud.kz upaas.kazteleport.kz cloudjiffy.net fra1-de.cloudjiffy.net west1-us.cloudjiffy.net jls-sto1.elastx.net jls-sto2.elastx.net jls-sto3.elastx.net faststacks.net fr-1.paas.massivegrid.net lon-1.paas.massivegrid.net lon-2.paas.massivegrid.net ny-1.paas.massivegrid.net ny-2.paas.massivegrid.net sg-1.paas.massivegrid.net jelastic.saveincloud.net nordeste-idc.saveincloud.net j.scaleforce.net jelastic.tsukaeru.net sdscloud.pl unicloud.pl mircloud.ru jelastic.regruhosting.ru enscaled.sg jele.site jelastic.team orangecloud.tn j.layershift.co.uk phx.enscaled.us mircloud.us // Jino : https://www.jino.ru // Submitted by Sergey Ulyashin <ulyashin@jino.ru> myjino.ru .hosting.myjino.ru .landing.myjino.ru .spectrum.myjino.ru .vps.myjino.ru // Jotelulu S.L. : https://jotelulu.com // Submitted by Daniel Fariña <ingenieria@jotelulu.com> jotelulu.cloud 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git-pages.rit.edu // Rusnames Limited: http://rusnames.ru/ // Submitted by Sergey Zotov <admin@rusnames.ru> xn--90amc.xn--p1acf xn--j1aef.xn--p1acf xn--j1ael8b.xn--p1acf xn--h1ahn.xn--p1acf xn--j1adp.xn--p1acf xn--c1avg.xn--p1acf xn--80aaa0cvac.xn--p1acf xn--h1aliz.xn--p1acf xn--90a1af.xn--p1acf xn--41a.xn--p1acf // Sandstorm Development Group, Inc. : https://sandcats.io/ // Submitted by Asheesh Laroia <asheesh@sandstorm.io> sandcats.io // SBE network solutions GmbH : https://www.sbe.de/ // Submitted by Norman Meilick <nm@sbe.de> logoip.de logoip.com // schokokeks.org GbR : https://schokokeks.org/ // Submitted by Hanno Böck <hanno@schokokeks.org> schokokeks.net // Scottish Government: https://www.gov.scot // Submitted by Martin Ellis <martin.ellis@gov.scot> gov.scot service.gov.scot // Scry Security : http://www.scrysec.com // Submitted by Shante Adam <shante@skyhat.io> scrysec.com // Securepoint GmbH : https://www.securepoint.de // Submitted by Erik Anders <erik.anders@securepoint.de> 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📄 Utils.pm package IO::Socket::SSL::Utils; use strict; use warnings; use Carp 'croak'; use Net::SSLeay; # old versions of Exporter do not export 'import' yet require Exporter; import = \&Exporter::import; our $VERSION = '2.015'; our @EXPORT = qw( PEM_file2cert PEM_file2certs PEM_string2cert PEM_cert2file PEM_certs2file PEM_cert2string PEM_file2key PEM_string2key PEM_key2file PEM_key2string KEY_free CERT_free KEY_create_rsa CERT_asHash CERT_create ); sub PEM_file2cert { my $file = shift; my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($file,'r') or croak "cannot read $file: $!"; my $cert = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio); $cert or croak "cannot parse $file as PEM X509 cert: ". Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string(Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error()); return $cert; } sub PEM_cert2file { my ($cert,$file) = @_; my $string = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509($cert) or croak("cannot get string from cert"); open( my $fh,'>',$file ) or croak("cannot write $file: $!"); print $fh $string; } use constant PEM_R_NO_START_LINE => 108; sub PEM_file2certs { my $file = shift; my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($file,'r') or croak "cannot read $file: $!"; my @certs; while (1) { if (my $cert = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509($bio)) { push @certs, $cert; } else { Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio); my $error = Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error(); last if ($error & 0xfff) == PEM_R_NO_START_LINE && @certs; croak "cannot parse $file as PEM X509 cert: " . Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string($error); } } return @certs; } sub PEM_certs2file { my $file = shift; open( my $fh,'>',$file ) or croak("cannot write $file: $!"); for my $cert (@_) { my $string = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509($cert) or croak("cannot get string from cert"); print $fh $string; } } sub PEM_string2cert { my $string = shift; my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new( Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem()); Net::SSLeay::BIO_write($bio,$string); my $cert = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_X509($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio); $cert or croak "cannot parse string as PEM X509 cert: ". Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string(Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error()); return $cert; } sub PEM_cert2string { my $cert = shift; return Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_X509($cert) \|\| croak("cannot get string from cert"); } sub PEM_file2key { my $file = shift; my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new_file($file,'r') or croak "cannot read $file: $!"; my $key = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio); $key or croak "cannot parse $file as PEM private key: ". Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string(Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error()); return $key; } sub PEM_key2file { my ($key,$file) = @_; my $string = Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($key) or croak("cannot get string from key"); open( my $fh,'>',$file ) or croak("cannot write $file: $!"); print $fh $string; } sub PEM_string2key { my $string = shift; my $bio = Net::SSLeay::BIO_new( Net::SSLeay::BIO_s_mem()); Net::SSLeay::BIO_write($bio,$string); my $key = Net::SSLeay::PEM_read_bio_PrivateKey($bio); Net::SSLeay::BIO_free($bio); $key or croak "cannot parse string as PEM private key: ". Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string(Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error()); return $key; } sub PEM_key2string { my $key = shift; return Net::SSLeay::PEM_get_string_PrivateKey($key) \|\| croak("cannot get string from key"); } sub CERT_free { Net::SSLeay::X509_free($_) for @_; } sub KEY_free { Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_free($_) for @_; } sub KEY_create_rsa { my $bits = shift \|\| 2048; my $key = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_new(); my $rsa = Net::SSLeay::RSA_generate_key($bits, 0x10001); # 0x10001 = RSA_F4 Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_assign_RSA($key,$rsa); return $key; } if (defined &Net::SSLeay::EC_KEY_generate_key) { push @EXPORT,'KEY_create_ec'; KEY_create_ec = sub { my $curve = shift \|\| 'prime256v1'; my $key = Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_new(); my $ec = Net::SSLeay::EC_KEY_generate_key($curve); Net::SSLeay::EVP_PKEY_assign_EC_KEY($key,$ec); return $key; } } # extract information from cert my %gen2i = qw( OTHERNAME 0 EMAIL 1 DNS 2 X400 3 DIRNAME 4 EDIPARTY 5 URI 6 IP 7 RID 8 ); my %i2gen = reverse %gen2i; sub CERT_asHash { my $cert = shift; my $digest_name = shift \|\| 'sha256'; my %hash = ( version => Net::SSLeay::X509_get_version($cert), not_before => _asn1t2t(Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notBefore($cert)), not_after => _asn1t2t(Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notAfter($cert)), serial => Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_INTEGER_get_dec( Net::SSLeay::X509_get_serialNumber($cert)), signature_alg => Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt ( Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_signature_alg($cert)), crl_uri => [ Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_crl_distribution_points($cert) ], keyusage => [ Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_key_usage($cert) ], extkeyusage => { oid => [ Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($cert,0) ], nid => [ Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($cert,1) ], sn => [ Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($cert,2) ], ln => [ Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ext_key_usage($cert,3) ], }, "pubkey_digest_$digest_name" => Net::SSLeay::X509_pubkey_digest( $cert,_digest($digest_name)), "x509_digest_$digest_name" => Net::SSLeay::X509_digest( $cert,_digest($digest_name)), "fingerprint_$digest_name" => Net::SSLeay::X509_get_fingerprint( $cert,$digest_name), ); for([ subject => Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subject_name($cert) ], [ issuer => Net::SSLeay::X509_get_issuer_name($cert) ]) { my ($what,$subj) = @$_; my %subj; for ( 0..Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_entry_count($subj)-1 ) { my $e = Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_get_entry($subj,$_); my $k = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt( Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_object($e)); my $v = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_STRING_get( Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_ENTRY_get_data($e)); if (!exists $subj{$k}) { $subj{$k} = $v; } elsif (!ref $subj{$k}) { $subj{$k} = [ $subj{$k}, $v ]; } else { push @{$subj{$k}}, $v; } } $hash{$what} = \%subj; } if ( my @names = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subjectAltNames($cert) ) { my $alt = $hash{subjectAltNames} = []; while (my ($t,$v) = splice(@names,0,2)) { $t = $i2gen{$t} \|\| die "unknown type $t in subjectAltName"; if ( $t eq 'IP' ) { if (length($v) == 4) { $v = join('.',unpack("CCCC",$v)); } elsif ( length($v) == 16 ) { my @v = unpack("nnnnnnnn",$v); my ($best0,$last0); for(my $i=0;$i<@v;$i++) { if ($v[$i] == 0) { if ($last0) { $last0->[1] = $i; $last0->[2]++; $best0 = $last0 if ++$last0->[2]>$best0->[2]; } else { $last0 = [ $i,$i,0 ]; $best0 \|\|= $last0; } } else { $last0 = undef; } } if ($best0) { $v = ''; $v .= join(':', map { sprintf( "%x",$_) } @v[0..$best0->[0]-1]) if $best0->[0]>0; $v .= '::'; $v .= join(':', map { sprintf( "%x",$_) } @v[$best0->[1]+1..$#v]) if $best0->[1]<$#v; } else { $v = join(':', map { sprintf( "%x",$_) } @v); } } } push @$alt,[$t,$v] } } my @ext; for( 0..Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext_count($cert)-1 ) { my $e = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_ext($cert,$_); my $o = Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_object($e); my $nid = Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2nid($o); push @ext, { oid => Net::SSLeay::OBJ_obj2txt($o), nid => ( $nid > 0 ) ? $nid : undef, sn => ( $nid > 0 ) ? Net::SSLeay::OBJ_nid2sn($nid) : undef, critical => Net::SSLeay::X509_EXTENSION_get_critical($e), data => Net::SSLeay::X509V3_EXT_print($e), } } $hash{ext} = \@ext; if ( defined(&Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ocsp_uri)) { $hash{ocsp_uri} = [ Net::SSLeay::P_X509_get_ocsp_uri($cert) ]; } else { $hash{ocsp_uri} = []; for( @ext ) { $_->{sn} or next; $_->{sn} eq 'authorityInfoAccess' or next; push @{ $hash{ocsp_uri}}, $_->{data} =~m{\bOCSP - URI:(\S+)}g; } } return \%hash; } sub CERT_create { my %args = @_%2 ? %{ shift() } : @_; my $cert = Net::SSLeay::X509_new(); my $digest_name = delete $args{digest} \|\| 'sha256'; Net::SSLeay::ASN1_INTEGER_set( Net::SSLeay::X509_get_serialNumber($cert), delete $args{serial} \|\| rand(2*32), ); # version default to 2 (V3) Net::SSLeay::X509_set_version($cert, delete $args{version} \|\| 2 ); # not_before default to now Net::SSLeay::ASN1_TIME_set( Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notBefore($cert), delete $args{not_before} \|\| time() ); # not_after default to now+365 days Net::SSLeay::ASN1_TIME_set( Net::SSLeay::X509_get_notAfter($cert), delete $args{not_after} \|\| time() + 36586400 ); # set subject my $subj_e = Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subject_name($cert); my $subj = delete $args{subject} \|\| { organizationName => 'IO::Socket::SSL', commonName => 'IO::Socket::SSL Test' }; while ( my ($k,$v) = each %$subj ) { # Not everything we get is nice - try with MBSTRING_UTF8 first and if it # fails try V_ASN1_T61STRING and finally V_ASN1_OCTET_STRING for (ref($v) ? @$v : ($v)) { Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt($subj_e,$k,0x1000,$_,-1,0) or Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt($subj_e,$k,20,$_,-1,0) or Net::SSLeay::X509_NAME_add_entry_by_txt($subj_e,$k,4,$_,-1,0) or croak("failed to add entry for $k - ". Net::SSLeay::ERR_error_string(Net::SSLeay::ERR_get_error())); } } my @ext = ( &Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_key_identifier => 'hash', &Net::SSLeay::NID_authority_key_identifier => 'keyid', ); if ( my $altsubj = delete $args{subjectAltNames} ) { push @ext, &Net::SSLeay::NID_subject_alt_name => join(',', map { "$_->[0]:$_->[1]" } @$altsubj) } my $key = delete $args{key} \|\| KEY_create_rsa(); Net::SSLeay::X509_set_pubkey($cert,$key); my $is = delete $args{issuer}; my $issuer_cert = delete $args{issuer_cert} \|\| $is && $is->[0] \|\| $cert; my $issuer_key = delete $args{issuer_key} \|\| $is && $is->[1] \|\| $key; my %purpose; if (my $p = delete $args{purpose}) { if (!ref($p)) { $purpose{lc($2)} = (!$1 \|\| $1 eq '+') ? 1:0 while $p =~m{([+-]?)(\w+)}g; } elsif (ref($p) eq 'ARRAY') { for(@$p) { m{^([+-]?)(\w+)$} or die "invalid entry in purpose: $_"; $purpose{lc($2)} = (!$1 \|\| $1 eq '+') ? 1:0 } } else { while( my ($k,$v) = each %$p) { $purpose{lc($k)} = ($v && $v ne '-')?1:0; } } } if (delete $args{CA}) { # add defaults for CA %purpose = ( ca => 1, sslca => 1, emailca => 1, objca => 1, %purpose ); } if (!%purpose) { %purpose = (server => 1, client => 1); } my (%key_usage,%ext_key_usage,%cert_type,%basic_constraints); my %dS = ( digitalSignature => \%key_usage ); my %kE = ( keyEncipherment => \%key_usage ); my %CA = ( 'CA:TRUE' => \%basic_constraints, %dS, keyCertSign => \%key_usage ); my @disable; for( [ client => { %dS, %kE, clientAuth => \%ext_key_usage, client => \%cert_type } ], [ server => { %dS, %kE, serverAuth => \%ext_key_usage, server => \%cert_type } ], [ email => { %dS, %kE, emailProtection => \%ext_key_usage, email => \%cert_type } ], [ objsign => { %dS, %kE, codeSigning => \%ext_key_usage, objsign => \%cert_type } ], [ CA => { %CA }], [ sslCA => { %CA, sslCA => \%cert_type }], [ emailCA => { %CA, emailCA => \%cert_type }], [ objCA => { %CA, objCA => \%cert_type }], [ emailProtection => { %dS, %kE, emailProtection => \%ext_key_usage, email => \%cert_type } ], [ codeSigning => { %dS, %kE, codeSigning => \%ext_key_usage, objsign => \%cert_type } ], [ timeStamping => { timeStamping => \%ext_key_usage } ], [ digitalSignature => { digitalSignature => \%key_usage } ], [ nonRepudiation => { nonRepudiation => \%key_usage } ], [ keyEncipherment => { keyEncipherment => \%key_usage } ], [ dataEncipherment => { dataEncipherment => \%key_usage } ], [ keyAgreement => { keyAgreement => \%key_usage } ], [ keyCertSign => { keyCertSign => \%key_usage } ], [ cRLSign => { cRLSign => \%key_usage } ], [ encipherOnly => { encipherOnly => \%key_usage } ], [ decipherOnly => { decipherOnly => \%key_usage } ], [ clientAuth => { clientAuth => \%ext_key_usage } ], [ serverAuth => { serverAuth => \%ext_key_usage } ], ) { exists $purpose{lc($_->[0])} or next; if (delete $purpose{lc($_->[0])}) { while (my($k,$h) = each %{$_->[1]}) { $h->{$k} = 1; } } else { push @disable, $_->[1]; } } die "unknown purpose ".join(",",keys %purpose) if %purpose; for(@disable) { while (my($k,$h) = each %$_) { delete $h->{$k}; } } if (%basic_constraints) { push @ext,&Net::SSLeay::NID_basic_constraints, => join(",",'critical', sort keys %basic_constraints); } else { push @ext, &Net::SSLeay::NID_basic_constraints => 'critical,CA:FALSE'; } push @ext,&Net::SSLeay::NID_key_usage => join(",",'critical', sort keys %key_usage) if %key_usage; push @ext,&Net::SSLeay::NID_netscape_cert_type => join(",",sort keys %cert_type) if %cert_type; push @ext,&Net::SSLeay::NID_ext_key_usage => join(",",sort keys %ext_key_usage) if %ext_key_usage; Net::SSLeay::P_X509_add_extensions($cert, $issuer_cert, @ext); my %have_ext; for(my $i=0;$i<@ext;$i+=2) { $have_ext{ $ext[$i] }++ } for my $ext (@{ $args{ext} \|\| [] }) { my $nid = $ext->{nid} \|\| $ext->{sn} && Net::SSLeay::OBJ_sn2nid($ext->{sn}) \|\| croak "cannot determine NID of extension"; $have_ext{$nid} and next; my $val = $ext->{data}; if ($nid == 177) { # authorityInfoAccess: # OpenSSL i2v does not output the same way as expected by i2v :( for (split(/\n/,$val)) { s{ - }{;}; # "OCSP - URI:..." -> "OCSP;URI:..." $_ = "critical,$_" if $ext->{critical}; Net::SSLeay::P_X509_add_extensions($cert,$issuer_cert,$nid,$_); } } else { $val = "critical,$val" if $ext->{critical}; Net::SSLeay::P_X509_add_extensions($cert, $issuer_cert, $nid, $val); } } Net::SSLeay::X509_set_issuer_name($cert, Net::SSLeay::X509_get_subject_name($issuer_cert)); Net::SSLeay::X509_sign($cert,$issuer_key,_digest($digest_name)); return ($cert,$key); } if ( defined &Net::SSLeay::ASN1_TIME_timet ) { _asn1t2t = \&Net::SSLeay::ASN1_TIME_timet } else { require Time::Local; my %mon2i = qw( Jan 0 Feb 1 Mar 2 Apr 3 May 4 Jun 5 Jul 6 Aug 7 Sep 8 Oct 9 Nov 10 Dec 11 ); _asn1t2t = sub { my $t = Net::SSLeay::P_ASN1_TIME_put2string( shift ); my ($mon,$d,$h,$m,$s,$y,$tz) = split(/[\s:]+/,$t); defined( $mon = $mon2i{$mon} ) or die "invalid month in $t"; $tz \|\|= $y =~s{^(\d+)([A-Z]\S)}{$1} && $2; if ( ! $tz ) { return Time::Local::timelocal($s,$m,$h,$d,$mon,$y) } elsif ( $tz eq 'GMT' ) { return Time::Local::timegm($s,$m,$h,$d,$mon,$y) } else { die "unexpected TZ $tz from ASN1_TIME_print"; } } } { my %digest; sub _digest { my $digest_name = shift; return $digest{$digest_name} \|\|= do { Net::SSLeay::SSLeay_add_ssl_algorithms(); Net::SSLeay::EVP_get_digestbyname($digest_name) or die "Digest algorithm $digest_name is not available"; }; } } 1; __END__ =head1 NAME IO::Socket::SSL::Utils -- loading, storing, creating certificates and keys =head1 SYNOPSIS use IO::Socket::SSL::Utils; $cert = PEM_file2cert('cert.pem'); # load certificate from file my $hash = CERT_asHash($cert); # get details from certificate PEM_cert2file('cert.pem',$cert); # write certificate to file CERT_free($cert); # free memory within OpenSSL @certs = PEM_file2certs('chain.pem'); # load multiple certificates from file PEM_certs2file('chain.pem', @certs); # write multiple certificates to file CERT_free(@certs); # free memory for all within OpenSSL my $cert = PEM_string2cert($pem); # load certificate from PEM string $pem = PEM_cert2string($cert); # convert certificate to PEM string $key = KEY_create_rsa(2048); # create new 2048-bit RSA key PEM_string2file($key,"key.pem"); # and write it to file KEY_free($key); # free memory within OpenSSL =head1 DESCRIPTION This module provides various utility functions to work with certificates and private keys, shielding some of the complexity of the underlying Net::SSLeay and OpenSSL. =head1 FUNCTIONS =over 4 =item Functions converting between string or file and certificates and keys. They croak if the operation cannot be completed. =over 8 =item PEM_file2cert(file) -> cert =item PEM_cert2file(cert,file) =item PEM_file2certs(file) -> @certs =item PEM_certs2file(file,@certs) =item PEM_string2cert(string) -> cert =item PEM_cert2string(cert) -> string =item PEM_file2key(file) -> key =item PEM_key2file(key,file) =item PEM_string2key(string) -> key =item PEM_key2string(key) -> string =back =item * Functions for cleaning up. Each loaded or created cert and key must be freed to not leak memory. =over 8 =item CERT_free(@certs) =item KEY_free(@keys) =back =item * KEY_create_rsa(bits) -> key Creates an RSA key pair, bits defaults to 2048. =item * KEY_create_ec(curve) -> key Creates an EC key, curve defaults to C<prime256v1>. =item * CERT_asHash(cert,[digest_algo]) -> hash Extracts the information from the certificate into a hash and uses the given digest_algo (default: SHA-256) to determine digest of pubkey and cert. The resulting hash contains: =over 8 =item subject Hash with the parts of the subject, e.g. commonName, countryName, organizationName, stateOrProvinceName, localityName. If there are multiple values for any of these parts the hash value will be an array ref with the values in order instead of just a scalar. =item subjectAltNames Array with list of alternative names. Each entry in the list is of C<[type,value]>, where C<type> can be OTHERNAME, EMAIL, DNS, X400, DIRNAME, EDIPARTY, URI, IP or RID. =item issuer Hash with the parts of the issuer, e.g. commonName, countryName, organizationName, stateOrProvinceName, localityName. If there are multiple values for any of these parts the hash value will be an array ref with the values in order instead of just a scalar. =item not_before, not_after The time frame, where the certificate is valid, as time_t, e.g. can be converted with localtime or similar functions. =item serial The serial number =item crl_uri List of URIs for CRL distribution. =item ocsp_uri List of URIs for revocation checking using OCSP. =item keyusage List of keyUsage information in the certificate. =item extkeyusage List of extended key usage information from the certificate. Each entry in this list consists of a hash with oid, nid, ln and sn. =item pubkey_digest_xxx Binary digest of the pubkey using the given digest algorithm, e.g. pubkey_digest_sha256 if (the default) SHA-256 was used. =item x509_digest_xxx Binary digest of the X.509 certificate using the given digest algorithm, e.g. x509_digest_sha256 if (the default) SHA-256 was used. =item fingerprint_xxx Fingerprint of the certificate using the given digest algorithm, e.g. fingerprint_sha256 if (the default) SHA-256 was used. Contrary to digest_* this is an ASCII string with a list if hexadecimal numbers, e.g. "73:59:75:5C:6D...". =item signature_alg Algorithm used to sign certificate, e.g. C<sha256WithRSAEncryption>. =item ext List of extensions. Each entry in the list is a hash with oid, nid, sn, critical flag (boolean) and data (string representation given by X509V3_EXT_print). =item version Certificate version, usually 2 (x509v3) =back =item * CERT_create(hash) -> (cert,key) Creates a certificate based on the given hash. If the issuer is not specified the certificate will be self-signed. The following keys can be given: =over 8 =item subject Hash with the parts of the subject, e.g. commonName, countryName, ... as described in C<CERT_asHash>. Default points to IO::Socket::SSL. =item not_before A time_t value when the certificate starts to be valid. Defaults to current time. =item not_after A time_t value when the certificate ends to be valid. Defaults to current time plus one 365 days. =item serial The serial number. If not given a random number will be used. =item version The version of the certificate, default 2 (x509v3). =item CA true\|false If true declare certificate as CA, defaults to false. =item purpose string\|array\|hash Set the purpose of the certificate. The different purposes can be given as a string separated by non-word character, as array or hash. With string or array each purpose can be prefixed with '+' (enable) or '-' (disable) and same can be done with the value when given as a hash. By default enabling the purpose is assumed. If the CA option is given and true the defaults "ca,sslca,emailca,objca" are assumed, but can be overridden with explicit purpose. If the CA option is given and false the defaults "server,client" are assumed. If no CA option and no purpose is given it defaults to "server,client". Purpose affects basicConstraints, keyUsage, extKeyUsage and netscapeCertType. The following purposes are defined (case is not important): client server email objsign CA sslCA emailCA objCA emailProtection codeSigning timeStamping digitalSignature nonRepudiation keyEncipherment dataEncipherment keyAgreement keyCertSign cRLSign encipherOnly decipherOnly Examples: # root-CA for SSL certificates purpose => 'sslCA' # or CA => 1 # server certificate and CA (typically self-signed) purpose => 'sslCA,server' # client certificate purpose => 'client', =item ext [{ sn => .., data => ... }, ... ] List of extensions. The type of the extension can be specified as name with C<sn> or as NID with C<nid> and the data with C<data>. These data must be in the same syntax as expected within openssl.cnf, e.g. something like C<OCSP;URI=http://...>. Additionally the critical flag can be set with C<critical => 1>. =item key key use given key as key for certificate, otherwise a new one will be generated and returned =item issuer_cert cert set issuer for new certificate =item issuer_key key sign new certificate with given key =item issuer [ cert, key ] Instead of giving issuer_key and issuer_cert as separate arguments they can be given both together. =item digest algorithm specify the algorithm used to sign the certificate, default SHA-256. =back =back =head1 AUTHOR Steffen Ullrich	22.2 KB	2021-09-06 17:56

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