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📄 Makefile # Makefile for Sphinx documentation # # You can set these variables from the command line. SPHINXOPTS = SPHINXBUILD = sphinx-build PAPER = BUILDDIR = _build # Internal variables. PAPEROPT_a4 = -D latex_paper_size=a4 PAPEROPT_letter = -D latex_paper_size=letter ALLSPHINXOPTS = -d $(BUILDDIR)/doctrees $(PAPEROPT_$(PAPER)) $(SPHINXOPTS) . .PHONY: help clean html dirhtml singlehtml pickle json htmlhelp qthelp devhelp epub latex latexpdf text man changes linkcheck doctest help: @echo "Please use \`make <target>' where <target> is one of" @echo " html to make standalone HTML files" @echo " dirhtml to make HTML files named index.html in directories" @echo " singlehtml to make a single large HTML file" @echo " pickle to make pickle files" @echo " json to make JSON files" @echo " htmlhelp to make HTML files and a HTML help project" @echo " qthelp to make HTML files and a qthelp project" @echo " devhelp to make HTML files and a Devhelp project" @echo " epub to make an epub" @echo " latex to make LaTeX files, you can set PAPER=a4 or PAPER=letter" @echo " latexpdf to make LaTeX files and run them through pdflatex" @echo " text to make text files" @echo " man to make manual pages" @echo " changes to make an overview of all changed/added/deprecated items" @echo " linkcheck to check all external links for integrity" @echo " doctest to run all doctests embedded in the documentation (if enabled)" clean: -rm -rf $(BUILDDIR)/* html: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b html $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/html @echo @echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/html." dirhtml: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b dirhtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml @echo @echo "Build finished. The HTML pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/dirhtml." singlehtml: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b singlehtml $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml @echo @echo "Build finished. The HTML page is in $(BUILDDIR)/singlehtml." pickle: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b pickle $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/pickle @echo @echo "Build finished; now you can process the pickle files." json: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b json $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/json @echo @echo "Build finished; now you can process the JSON files." htmlhelp: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b htmlhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp @echo @echo "Build finished; now you can run HTML Help Workshop with the" \ ".hhp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/htmlhelp." qthelp: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b qthelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp @echo @echo "Build finished; now you can run "qcollectiongenerator" with the" \ ".qhcp project file in $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp, like this:" @echo "# qcollectiongenerator $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/six.qhcp" @echo "To view the help file:" @echo "# assistant -collectionFile $(BUILDDIR)/qthelp/six.qhc" devhelp: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b devhelp $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp @echo @echo "Build finished." @echo "To view the help file:" @echo "# mkdir -p $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/six" @echo "# ln -s $(BUILDDIR)/devhelp $$HOME/.local/share/devhelp/six" @echo "# devhelp" epub: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b epub $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/epub @echo @echo "Build finished. The epub file is in $(BUILDDIR)/epub." latex: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex @echo @echo "Build finished; the LaTeX files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex." @echo "Run \`make' in that directory to run these through (pdf)latex" \ "(use \`make latexpdf' here to do that automatically)." latexpdf: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b latex $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/latex @echo "Running LaTeX files through pdflatex..." make -C $(BUILDDIR)/latex all-pdf @echo "pdflatex finished; the PDF files are in $(BUILDDIR)/latex." text: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b text $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/text @echo @echo "Build finished. The text files are in $(BUILDDIR)/text." man: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b man $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/man @echo @echo "Build finished. The manual pages are in $(BUILDDIR)/man." changes: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b changes $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/changes @echo @echo "The overview file is in $(BUILDDIR)/changes." linkcheck: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b linkcheck $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck @echo @echo "Link check complete; look for any errors in the above output " \ "or in $(BUILDDIR)/linkcheck/output.txt." doctest: $(SPHINXBUILD) -b doctest $(ALLSPHINXOPTS) $(BUILDDIR)/doctest @echo "Testing of doctests in the sources finished, look at the " \ "results in $(BUILDDIR)/doctest/output.txt."	4.47 KB	2024-12-03 16:05
📄 conf.py # -- coding: utf-8 -- # # six documentation build configuration file import os import sys # If extensions (or modules to document with autodoc) are in another directory, # add these directories to sys.path here. If the directory is relative to the # documentation root, use os.path.abspath to make it absolute, like shown here. #sys.path.append(os.path.abspath('.')) # -- General configuration ----------------------------------------------------- # If your documentation needs a minimal Sphinx version, state it here. needs_sphinx = "1.0" # Add any Sphinx extension module names here, as strings. They can be extensions # coming with Sphinx (named 'sphinx.ext.*') or your custom ones. extensions = ["sphinx.ext.intersphinx"] # Add any paths that contain templates here, relative to this directory. templates_path = ["_templates"] # The suffix of source filenames. source_suffix = ".rst" # The encoding of source files. #source_encoding = "utf-8-sig" # The master toctree document. master_doc = "index" # General information about the project. project = u"six" copyright = u"2010-2024, Benjamin Peterson" sys.path.append(os.path.abspath(os.path.join(".", ".."))) from six import __version__ as six_version sys.path.pop() # The version info for the project you're documenting, acts as replacement for # \|version\| and \|release\|, also used in various other places throughout the # built documents. # # The short X.Y version. version = six_version[:-2] # The full version, including alpha/beta/rc tags. release = six_version # The language for content autogenerated by Sphinx. Refer to documentation # for a list of supported languages. #language = None # There are two options for replacing \|today\|: either, you set today to some # non-false value, then it is used: #today = '' # Else, today_fmt is used as the format for a strftime call. #today_fmt = '%B %d, %Y' # List of patterns, relative to source directory, that match files and # directories to ignore when looking for source files. exclude_patterns = ["_build"] # The reST default role (used for this markup: `text`) to use for all documents. #default_role = None # If true, '()' will be appended to :func: etc. cross-reference text. #add_function_parentheses = True # If true, the current module name will be prepended to all description # unit titles (such as .. function::). #add_module_names = True # If true, sectionauthor and moduleauthor directives will be shown in the # output. They are ignored by default. #show_authors = False # The name of the Pygments (syntax highlighting) style to use. pygments_style = "sphinx" # A list of ignored prefixes for module index sorting. #modindex_common_prefix = [] # -- Options for HTML output --------------------------------------------------- # The theme to use for HTML and HTML Help pages. See the documentation for # a list of builtin themes. html_theme = "default" # Theme options are theme-specific and customize the look and feel of a theme # further. For a list of options available for each theme, see the # documentation. #html_theme_options = {} # Add any paths that contain custom themes here, relative to this directory. #html_theme_path = [] # The name for this set of Sphinx documents. If None, it defaults to # "<project> v<release> documentation". #html_title = None # A shorter title for the navigation bar. Default is the same as html_title. #html_short_title = None # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top # of the sidebar. #html_logo = None # The name of an image file (within the static path) to use as favicon of the # docs. This file should be a Windows icon file (.ico) being 16x16 or 32x32 # pixels large. #html_favicon = None # Add any paths that contain custom static files (such as style sheets) here, # relative to this directory. They are copied after the builtin static files, # so a file named "default.css" will overwrite the builtin "default.css". html_static_path = ["_static"] # If not '', a 'Last updated on:' timestamp is inserted at every page bottom, # using the given strftime format. #html_last_updated_fmt = '%b %d, %Y' # If true, SmartyPants will be used to convert quotes and dashes to # typographically correct entities. #html_use_smartypants = True # Custom sidebar templates, maps document names to template names. #html_sidebars = {} # Additional templates that should be rendered to pages, maps page names to # template names. #html_additional_pages = {} # If false, no module index is generated. #html_domain_indices = True # If false, no index is generated. #html_use_index = True # If true, the index is split into individual pages for each letter. #html_split_index = False # If true, links to the reST sources are added to the pages. #html_show_sourcelink = True # If true, "Created using Sphinx" is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True. #html_show_sphinx = True # If true, "(C) Copyright ..." is shown in the HTML footer. Default is True. #html_show_copyright = True # If true, an OpenSearch description file will be output, and all pages will # contain a <link> tag referring to it. The value of this option must be the # base URL from which the finished HTML is served. #html_use_opensearch = '' # If nonempty, this is the file name suffix for HTML files (e.g. ".xhtml"). #html_file_suffix = '' # Output file base name for HTML help builder. htmlhelp_basename = 'sixdoc' # -- Options for LaTeX output -------------------------------------------------- # The paper size ('letter' or 'a4'). #latex_paper_size = 'letter' # The font size ('10pt', '11pt' or '12pt'). #latex_font_size = '10pt' # Grouping the document tree into LaTeX files. List of tuples # (source start file, target name, title, author, documentclass [howto/manual]). latex_documents = [ ("index", "six.tex", u"six Documentation", u"Benjamin Peterson", "manual"), ] # The name of an image file (relative to this directory) to place at the top of # the title page. #latex_logo = None # For "manual" documents, if this is true, then toplevel headings are parts, # not chapters. #latex_use_parts = False # If true, show page references after internal links. #latex_show_pagerefs = False # If true, show URL addresses after external links. #latex_show_urls = False # Additional stuff for the LaTeX preamble. #latex_preamble = '' # Documents to append as an appendix to all manuals. #latex_appendices = [] # If false, no module index is generated. #latex_domain_indices = True # -- Options for manual page output -------------------------------------------- # One entry per manual page. List of tuples # (source start file, name, description, authors, manual section). man_pages = [ ("index", "six", u"six Documentation", [u"Benjamin Peterson"], 1) ] # -- Intersphinx --------------------------------------------------------------- intersphinx_mapping = {"py2" : ("https://docs.python.org/2/", None), "py3" : ("https://docs.python.org/3/", None)}	6.85 KB	2024-12-03 16:05
📄 index.rst Six: Python 2 and 3 Compatibility Library ========================================= .. module:: six :synopsis: Python 2 and 3 compatibility .. moduleauthor:: Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org> .. sectionauthor:: Benjamin Peterson <benjamin@python.org> Six provides simple utilities for wrapping over differences between Python 2 and Python 3. It is intended to support codebases that work on both Python 2 and 3 without modification. six consists of only one Python file, so it is painless to copy into a project. Six can be downloaded on `PyPI <https://pypi.org/project/six/>`_. Its bug tracker and code hosting is on `GitHub <https://github.com/benjaminp/six>`_. The name, "six", comes from the fact that 23 equals 6. Why not addition? Multiplication is more powerful, and, anyway, "five" has already been snatched away by the (admittedly now moribund) Zope Five project. Indices and tables ------------------ :ref:`genindex` * :ref:`search` Package contents ---------------- .. data:: PY2 A boolean indicating if the code is running on Python 2. .. data:: PY3 A boolean indicating if the code is running on Python 3. Constants >>>>>>>>> Six provides constants that may differ between Python versions. Ones ending ``_types`` are mostly useful as the second argument to ``isinstance`` or ``issubclass``. .. data:: class_types Possible class types. In Python 2, this encompasses old-style :data:`py2:types.ClassType` and new-style ``type`` classes. In Python 3, this is just ``type``. .. data:: integer_types Possible integer types. In Python 2, this is :func:`py2:long` and :func:`py2:int`, and in Python 3, just :func:`py3:int`. .. data:: string_types Possible types for text data. This is :func:`py2:basestring` in Python 2 and :func:`py3:str` in Python 3. .. data:: text_type Type for representing (Unicode) textual data. This is :func:`py2:unicode` in Python 2 and :func:`py3:str` in Python 3. .. data:: binary_type Type for representing binary data. This is :func:`py2:str` in Python 2 and :func:`py3:bytes` in Python 3. Python 2.6 and 2.7 include ``bytes`` as a builtin alias of ``str``, so six’s version is only necessary for Python 2.5 compatibility. .. data:: MAXSIZE The maximum size of a container like :func:`py3:list` or :func:`py3:dict`. This is equivalent to :data:`py3:sys.maxsize` in Python 2.6 and later (including 3.x). Note, this is temptingly similar to, but not the same as :data:`py2:sys.maxint` in Python 2. There is no direct equivalent to :data:`py2:sys.maxint` in Python 3 because its integer type has no limits aside from memory. Here's example usage of the module:: import six def dispatch_types(value): if isinstance(value, six.integer_types): handle_integer(value) elif isinstance(value, six.class_types): handle_class(value) elif isinstance(value, six.string_types): handle_string(value) Object model compatibility >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Python 3 renamed the attributes of several interpreter data structures. The following accessors are available. Note that the recommended way to inspect functions and methods is the stdlib :mod:`py3:inspect` module. .. function:: get_unbound_function(meth) Get the function out of unbound method meth. In Python 3, unbound methods don't exist, so this function just returns meth unchanged. Example usage:: from six import get_unbound_function class X(object): def method(self): pass method_function = get_unbound_function(X.method) .. function:: get_method_function(meth) Get the function out of method object meth. .. function:: get_method_self(meth) Get the ``self`` of bound method meth. .. function:: get_function_closure(func) Get the closure (list of cells) associated with func. This is equivalent to ``func.__closure__`` on Python 2.6+ and ``func.func_closure`` on Python 2.5. .. function:: get_function_code(func) Get the code object associated with func. This is equivalent to ``func.__code__`` on Python 2.6+ and ``func.func_code`` on Python 2.5. .. function:: get_function_defaults(func) Get the defaults tuple associated with func. This is equivalent to ``func.__defaults__`` on Python 2.6+ and ``func.func_defaults`` on Python 2.5. .. function:: get_function_globals(func) Get the globals of func. This is equivalent to ``func.__globals__`` on Python 2.6+ and ``func.func_globals`` on Python 2.5. .. function:: next(it) advance_iterator(it) Get the next item of iterator it. :exc:`py3:StopIteration` is raised if the iterator is exhausted. This is a replacement for calling ``it.next()`` in Python 2 and ``next(it)`` in Python 3. Python 2.6 and above have a builtin ``next`` function, so six's version is only necessary for Python 2.5 compatibility. .. function:: callable(obj) Check if obj can be called. Note ``callable`` has returned in Python 3.2, so using six's version is only necessary when supporting Python 3.0 or 3.1. .. function:: iterkeys(dictionary, *kwargs) Returns an iterator over dictionary\'s keys. This replaces ``dictionary.iterkeys()`` on Python 2 and ``dictionary.keys()`` on Python 3. kwargs* are passed through to the underlying method. .. function:: itervalues(dictionary, *kwargs) Returns an iterator over dictionary\'s values. This replaces ``dictionary.itervalues()`` on Python 2 and ``dictionary.values()`` on Python 3. kwargs* are passed through to the underlying method. .. function:: iteritems(dictionary, *kwargs) Returns an iterator over dictionary\'s items. This replaces ``dictionary.iteritems()`` on Python 2 and ``dictionary.items()`` on Python 3. kwargs* are passed through to the underlying method. .. function:: iterlists(dictionary, *kwargs) Calls ``dictionary.iterlists()`` on Python 2 and ``dictionary.lists()`` on Python 3. No builtin Python mapping type has such a method; this method is intended for use with multi-valued dictionaries like `Werkzeug's <http://werkzeug.pocoo.org/docs/datastructures/#werkzeug.datastructures.MultiDict>`_. kwargs* are passed through to the underlying method. .. function:: viewkeys(dictionary) Return a view over dictionary\'s keys. This replaces :meth:`py2:dict.viewkeys` on Python 2.7 and :meth:`py3:dict.keys` on Python 3. .. function:: viewvalues(dictionary) Return a view over dictionary\'s values. This replaces :meth:`py2:dict.viewvalues` on Python 2.7 and :meth:`py3:dict.values` on Python 3. .. function:: viewitems(dictionary) Return a view over dictionary\'s items. This replaces :meth:`py2:dict.viewitems` on Python 2.7 and :meth:`py3:dict.items` on Python 3. .. function:: create_bound_method(func, obj) Return a method object wrapping func and bound to obj. On both Python 2 and 3, this will return a :func:`py3:types.MethodType` object. The reason this wrapper exists is that on Python 2, the ``MethodType`` constructor requires the obj's class to be passed. .. function:: create_unbound_method(func, cls) Return an unbound method object wrapping func. In Python 2, this will return a :func:`py2:types.MethodType` object. In Python 3, unbound methods do not exist and this wrapper will simply return func. .. class:: Iterator A class for making portable iterators. The intention is that it be subclassed and subclasses provide a ``__next__`` method. In Python 2, :class:`Iterator` has one method: ``next``. It simply delegates to ``__next__``. An alternate way to do this would be to simply alias ``next`` to ``__next__``. However, this interacts badly with subclasses that override ``__next__``. :class:`Iterator` is empty on Python 3. (In fact, it is just aliased to :class:`py3:object`.) .. decorator:: wraps(wrapped, assigned=functools.WRAPPER_ASSIGNMENTS, updated=functools.WRAPPER_UPDATES) This is Python 3.2's :func:`py3:functools.wraps` decorator. It sets the ``__wrapped__`` attribute on what it decorates. It doesn't raise an error if any of the attributes mentioned in ``assigned`` and ``updated`` are missing on ``wrapped`` object. Syntax compatibility >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> These functions smooth over operations which have different syntaxes between Python 2 and 3. .. function:: exec_(code, globals=None, locals=None) Execute code in the scope of globals and locals. code can be a string or a code object. If globals or locals are not given, they will default to the scope of the caller. If just globals is given, it will also be used as locals. .. note:: Python 3's :func:`py3:exec` doesn't take keyword arguments, so calling :func:`exec` with them should be avoided. .. function:: print_(args, , file=sys.stdout, end="\\n", sep=" ", flush=False) Print args into file. Each argument will be separated with sep and end will be written to the file after the last argument is printed. If flush is true, ``file.flush()`` will be called after all data is written. .. note:: In Python 2, this function imitates Python 3's :func:`py3:print` by not having softspace support. If you don't know what that is, you're probably ok. :) .. function:: raise_from(exc_value, exc_value_from) Raise an exception from a context. On Python 3, this is equivalent to ``raise exc_value from exc_value_from``. On Python 2, which does not support exception chaining, it is equivalent to ``raise exc_value``. .. function:: reraise(exc_type, exc_value, exc_traceback=None) Reraise an exception, possibly with a different traceback. In the simple case, ``reraise(sys.exc_info())`` with an active exception (in an except block) reraises the current exception with the last traceback. A different traceback can be specified with the exc_traceback* parameter. Note that since the exception reraising is done within the :func:`reraise` function, Python will attach the call frame of :func:`reraise` to whatever traceback is raised. .. function:: with_metaclass(metaclass, bases) Create a new class with base classes bases* and metaclass metaclass. This is designed to be used in class declarations like this: :: from six import with_metaclass class Meta(type): pass class Base(object): pass class MyClass(with_metaclass(Meta, Base)): pass Another way to set a metaclass on a class is with the :func:`add_metaclass` decorator. .. decorator:: add_metaclass(metaclass) Class decorator that replaces a normally-constructed class with a metaclass-constructed one. Example usage: :: @add_metaclass(Meta) class MyClass(object): pass That code produces a class equivalent to :: class MyClass(object, metaclass=Meta): pass on Python 3 or :: class MyClass(object): __metaclass__ = Meta on Python 2. Note that class decorators require Python 2.6. However, the effect of the decorator can be emulated on Python 2.5 like so:: class MyClass(object): pass MyClass = add_metaclass(Meta)(MyClass) Binary and text data >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Python 3 enforces the distinction between byte strings and text strings far more rigorously than Python 2 does; binary data cannot be automatically coerced to or from text data. six provides several functions to assist in classifying string data in all Python versions. .. function:: b(data) A "fake" bytes literal. data should always be a normal string literal. In Python 2, :func:`b` returns an 8-bit string. In Python 3, data is encoded with the latin-1 encoding to bytes. .. note:: Since all Python versions 2.6 and after support the ``b`` prefix, code without 2.5 support doesn't need :func:`b`. .. function:: u(text) A "fake" unicode literal. text should always be a normal string literal. In Python 2, :func:`u` returns unicode, and in Python 3, a string. Also, in Python 2, the string is decoded with the ``unicode-escape`` codec, which allows unicode escapes to be used in it. .. note:: In Python 3.3, the ``u`` prefix has been reintroduced. Code that only supports Python 3 versions of 3.3 and higher thus does not need :func:`u`. .. note:: On Python 2, :func:`u` doesn't know what the encoding of the literal is. Each byte is converted directly to the unicode codepoint of the same value. Because of this, it's only safe to use :func:`u` with strings of ASCII data. .. function:: unichr(c) Return the (Unicode) string representing the codepoint c. This is equivalent to :func:`py2:unichr` on Python 2 and :func:`py3:chr` on Python 3. .. function:: int2byte(i) Converts i to a byte. i must be in ``range(0, 256)``. This is equivalent to :func:`py2:chr` in Python 2 and ``bytes((i,))`` in Python 3. .. function:: byte2int(bs) Converts the first byte of bs to an integer. This is equivalent to ``ord(bs[0])`` on Python 2 and ``bs[0]`` on Python 3. .. function:: indexbytes(buf, i) Return the byte at index i of buf as an integer. This is equivalent to indexing a bytes object in Python 3. .. function:: iterbytes(buf) Return an iterator over bytes in buf as integers. This is equivalent to a bytes object iterator in Python 3. .. function:: ensure_binary(s, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') Coerce s to :data:`binary_type`. encoding, errors are the same as :meth:`py3:str.encode` .. function:: ensure_str(s, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') Coerce s to ``str``. encoding, errors are the same as :meth:`py3:str.encode` .. function:: ensure_text(s, encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') Coerce s to :data:`text_type`. encoding, errors are the same as :meth:`py3:bytes.decode` .. data:: StringIO This is a fake file object for textual data. It's an alias for :class:`py2:StringIO.StringIO` in Python 2 and :class:`py3:io.StringIO` in Python 3. .. data:: BytesIO This is a fake file object for binary data. In Python 2, it's an alias for :class:`py2:StringIO.StringIO`, but in Python 3, it's an alias for :class:`py3:io.BytesIO`. .. decorator:: python_2_unicode_compatible A class decorator that takes a class defining a ``__str__`` method. On Python 3, the decorator does nothing. On Python 2, it aliases the ``__str__`` method to ``__unicode__`` and creates a new ``__str__`` method that returns the result of ``__unicode__()`` encoded with UTF-8. unittest assertions >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> Six contains compatibility shims for unittest assertions that have been renamed. The parameters are the same as their aliases, but you must pass the test method as the first argument. For example:: import six import unittest class TestAssertCountEqual(unittest.TestCase): def test(self): six.assertCountEqual(self, (1, 2), [2, 1]) Note these functions are only available on Python 2.7 or later. .. function:: assertCountEqual() Alias for :meth:`~py3:unittest.TestCase.assertCountEqual` on Python 3 and :meth:`~py2:unittest.TestCase.assertItemsEqual` on Python 2. .. function:: assertRaisesRegex() Alias for :meth:`~py3:unittest.TestCase.assertRaisesRegex` on Python 3 and :meth:`~py2:unittest.TestCase.assertRaisesRegexp` on Python 2. .. function:: assertRegex() Alias for :meth:`~py3:unittest.TestCase.assertRegex` on Python 3 and :meth:`~py2:unittest.TestCase.assertRegexpMatches` on Python 2. .. function:: assertNotRegex() Alias for :meth:`~py3:unittest.TestCase.assertNotRegex` on Python 3 and :meth:`~py2:unittest.TestCase.assertNotRegexpMatches` on Python 2. Renamed modules and attributes compatibility >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> .. module:: six.moves :synopsis: Renamed modules and attributes compatibility Python 3 reorganized the standard library and moved several functions to different modules. Six provides a consistent interface to them through the fake :mod:`six.moves` module. For example, to load the module for parsing HTML on Python 2 or 3, write:: from six.moves import html_parser Similarly, to get the function to reload modules, which was moved from the builtin module to the ``importlib`` module, use:: from six.moves import reload_module For the most part, :mod:`six.moves` aliases are the names of the modules in Python 3. When the new Python 3 name is a package, the components of the name are separated by underscores. For example, ``html.parser`` becomes ``html_parser``. In some cases where several modules have been combined, the Python 2 name is retained. This is so the appropriate modules can be found when running on Python 2. For example, ``BaseHTTPServer`` which is in ``http.server`` in Python 3 is aliased as ``BaseHTTPServer``. Some modules which had two implementations have been merged in Python 3. For example, ``cPickle`` no longer exists in Python 3; it was merged with ``pickle``. In these cases, fetching the fast version will load the fast one on Python 2 and the merged module in Python 3. The :mod:`py2:urllib`, :mod:`py2:urllib2`, and :mod:`py2:urlparse` modules have been combined in the :mod:`py3:urllib` package in Python 3. The :mod:`six.moves.urllib` package is a version-independent location for this functionality; its structure mimics the structure of the Python 3 :mod:`py3:urllib` package. .. note:: In order to make imports of the form:: from six.moves.cPickle import loads work, six places special proxy objects in :data:`py3:sys.modules`. These proxies lazily load the underlying module when an attribute is fetched. This will fail if the underlying module is not available in the Python interpreter. For example, ``sys.modules["six.moves.winreg"].LoadKey`` would fail on any non-Windows platform. Unfortunately, some applications try to load attributes on every module in :data:`py3:sys.modules`. six mitigates this problem for some applications by pretending attributes on unimportable modules do not exist. This hack does not work in every case, though. If you are encountering problems with the lazy modules and don't use any from imports directly from ``six.moves`` modules, you can workaround the issue by removing the six proxy modules:: d = [name for name in sys.modules if name.startswith("six.moves.")] for name in d: del sys.modules[name] Supported renames: +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| Name \| Python 2 name \| Python 3 name \| +==============================+=======================================+=======================================+ \| ``builtins`` \| :mod:`py2:__builtin__` \| :mod:`py3:builtins` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``configparser`` \| :mod:`py2:ConfigParser` \| :mod:`py3:configparser` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``copyreg`` \| :mod:`py2:copy_reg` \| :mod:`py3:copyreg` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``cPickle`` \| :mod:`py2:cPickle` \| :mod:`py3:pickle` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``cStringIO`` \| :func:`py2:cStringIO.StringIO` \| :class:`py3:io.StringIO` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``collections_abc`` \| :mod:`py2:collections` \| :mod:`py3:collections.abc` (3.3+) \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``dbm_gnu`` \| :mod:`py2:gdbm` \| :mod:`py3:dbm.gnu` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``dbm_ndbm`` \| :mod:`py2:dbm` \| :mod:`py3:dbm.ndbm` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``_dummy_thread`` \| :mod:`py2:dummy_thread` \| :mod:`py3:_dummy_thread` (< 3.9) \| \| \| \| :mod:`py3:_thread` (3.9+) \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``email_mime_base`` \| :mod:`py2:email.MIMEBase` \| :mod:`py3:email.mime.base` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``email_mime_image`` \| :mod:`py2:email.MIMEImage` \| :mod:`py3:email.mime.image` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``email_mime_multipart`` \| :mod:`py2:email.MIMEMultipart` \| :mod:`py3:email.mime.multipart` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``email_mime_nonmultipart`` \| :mod:`py2:email.MIMENonMultipart` \| :mod:`py3:email.mime.nonmultipart` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``email_mime_text`` \| :mod:`py2:email.MIMEText` \| :mod:`py3:email.mime.text` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``filter`` \| :func:`py2:itertools.ifilter` \| :func:`py3:filter` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``filterfalse`` \| :func:`py2:itertools.ifilterfalse` \| :func:`py3:itertools.filterfalse` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``getcwd`` \| :func:`py2:os.getcwdu` \| :func:`py3:os.getcwd` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``getcwdb`` \| :func:`py2:os.getcwd` \| :func:`py3:os.getcwdb` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``getoutput`` \| :func:`py2:commands.getoutput` \| :func:`py3:subprocess.getoutput` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``http_cookiejar`` \| :mod:`py2:cookielib` \| :mod:`py3:http.cookiejar` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``http_cookies`` \| :mod:`py2:Cookie` \| :mod:`py3:http.cookies` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``html_entities`` \| :mod:`py2:htmlentitydefs` \| :mod:`py3:html.entities` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``html_parser`` \| :mod:`py2:HTMLParser` \| :mod:`py3:html.parser` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``http_client`` \| :mod:`py2:httplib` \| :mod:`py3:http.client` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``BaseHTTPServer`` \| :mod:`py2:BaseHTTPServer` \| :mod:`py3:http.server` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``CGIHTTPServer`` \| :mod:`py2:CGIHTTPServer` \| :mod:`py3:http.server` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``SimpleHTTPServer`` \| :mod:`py2:SimpleHTTPServer` \| :mod:`py3:http.server` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``input`` \| :func:`py2:raw_input` \| :func:`py3:input` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``intern`` \| :func:`py2:intern` \| :func:`py3:sys.intern` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``map`` \| :func:`py2:itertools.imap` \| :func:`py3:map` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``queue`` \| :mod:`py2:Queue` \| :mod:`py3:queue` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``range`` \| :func:`py2:xrange` \| :func:`py3:range` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``reduce`` \| :func:`py2:reduce` \| :func:`py3:functools.reduce` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``reload_module`` \| :func:`py2:reload` \| :func:`py3:imp.reload`, \| \| \| \| :func:`py3:importlib.reload` \| \| \| \| on Python 3.4+ \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``reprlib`` \| :mod:`py2:repr` \| :mod:`py3:reprlib` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``shlex_quote`` \| :mod:`py2:pipes.quote` \| :mod:`py3:shlex.quote` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``socketserver`` \| :mod:`py2:SocketServer` \| :mod:`py3:socketserver` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``_thread`` \| :mod:`py2:thread` \| :mod:`py3:_thread` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter`` \| :mod:`py2:Tkinter` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_dialog`` \| :mod:`py2:Dialog` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.dialog` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_filedialog`` \| :mod:`py2:FileDialog` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.FileDialog` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_scrolledtext`` \| :mod:`py2:ScrolledText` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.scrolledtext` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_simpledialog`` \| :mod:`py2:SimpleDialog` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.simpledialog` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_ttk`` \| :mod:`py2:ttk` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.ttk` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_tix`` \| :mod:`py2:Tix` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.tix` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_constants`` \| :mod:`py2:Tkconstants` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.constants` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_dnd`` \| :mod:`py2:Tkdnd` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.dnd` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_colorchooser`` \| :mod:`py2:tkColorChooser` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.colorchooser` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_commondialog`` \| :mod:`py2:tkCommonDialog` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.commondialog` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_tkfiledialog`` \| :mod:`py2:tkFileDialog` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.filedialog` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_font`` \| :mod:`py2:tkFont` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.font` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_messagebox`` \| :mod:`py2:tkMessageBox` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.messagebox` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``tkinter_tksimpledialog`` \| :mod:`py2:tkSimpleDialog` \| :mod:`py3:tkinter.simpledialog` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``urllib.parse`` \| See :mod:`six.moves.urllib.parse` \| :mod:`py3:urllib.parse` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``urllib.error`` \| See :mod:`six.moves.urllib.error` \| :mod:`py3:urllib.error` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``urllib.request`` \| See :mod:`six.moves.urllib.request` \| :mod:`py3:urllib.request` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``urllib.response`` \| See :mod:`six.moves.urllib.response` \| :mod:`py3:urllib.response` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``urllib.robotparser`` \| :mod:`py2:robotparser` \| :mod:`py3:urllib.robotparser` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``urllib_robotparser`` \| :mod:`py2:robotparser` \| :mod:`py3:urllib.robotparser` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``UserDict`` \| :class:`py2:UserDict.IterableUserDict`\| :class:`py3:collections.UserDict` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``UserList`` \| :class:`py2:UserList.UserList` \| :class:`py3:collections.UserList` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``UserString`` \| :class:`py2:UserString.UserString` \| :class:`py3:collections.UserString` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``winreg`` \| :mod:`py2:_winreg` \| :mod:`py3:winreg` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``xmlrpc_client`` \| :mod:`py2:xmlrpclib` \| :mod:`py3:xmlrpc.client` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``xmlrpc_server`` \| :mod:`py2:SimpleXMLRPCServer` \| :mod:`py3:xmlrpc.server` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``xrange`` \| :func:`py2:xrange` \| :func:`py3:range` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``zip`` \| :func:`py2:itertools.izip` \| :func:`py3:zip` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ \| ``zip_longest`` \| :func:`py2:itertools.izip_longest` \| :func:`py3:itertools.zip_longest` \| +------------------------------+---------------------------------------+---------------------------------------+ urllib parse <<<<<<<<<<<< .. module:: six.moves.urllib.parse :synopsis: Stuff from :mod:`py2:urlparse` and :mod:`py2:urllib` in Python 2 and :mod:`py3:urllib.parse` in Python 3 Contains functions from Python 3's :mod:`py3:urllib.parse` and Python 2's: :mod:`py2:urlparse`: * :func:`py2:urlparse.ParseResult` * :func:`py2:urlparse.SplitResult` * :func:`py2:urlparse.urlparse` * :func:`py2:urlparse.urlunparse` * :func:`py2:urlparse.parse_qs` * :func:`py2:urlparse.parse_qsl` * :func:`py2:urlparse.urljoin` * :func:`py2:urlparse.urldefrag` * :func:`py2:urlparse.urlsplit` * :func:`py2:urlparse.urlunsplit` * :func:`py2:urlparse.splitquery` * :func:`py2:urlparse.uses_fragment` * :func:`py2:urlparse.uses_netloc` * :func:`py2:urlparse.uses_params` * :func:`py2:urlparse.uses_query` * :func:`py2:urlparse.uses_relative` and :mod:`py2:urllib`: * :func:`py2:urllib.quote` * :func:`py2:urllib.quote_plus` * :func:`py2:urllib.splittag` * :func:`py2:urllib.splituser` * :func:`py2:urllib.splitvalue` * :func:`py2:urllib.unquote` (also exposed as :func:`py3:urllib.parse.unquote_to_bytes`) * :func:`py2:urllib.unquote_plus` * :func:`py2:urllib.urlencode` urllib error <<<<<<<<<<<< .. module:: six.moves.urllib.error :synopsis: Stuff from :mod:`py2:urllib` and :mod:`py2:urllib2` in Python 2 and :mod:`py3:urllib.error` in Python 3 Contains exceptions from Python 3's :mod:`py3:urllib.error` and Python 2's: :mod:`py2:urllib`: * :exc:`py2:urllib.ContentTooShortError` and :mod:`py2:urllib2`: * :exc:`py2:urllib2.URLError` * :exc:`py2:urllib2.HTTPError` urllib request <<<<<<<<<<<<<< .. module:: six.moves.urllib.request :synopsis: Stuff from :mod:`py2:urllib` and :mod:`py2:urllib2` in Python 2 and :mod:`py3:urllib.request` in Python 3 Contains items from Python 3's :mod:`py3:urllib.request` and Python 2's: :mod:`py2:urllib`: * :func:`py2:urllib.pathname2url` * :func:`py2:urllib.url2pathname` * :func:`py2:urllib.getproxies` * :func:`py2:urllib.urlretrieve` * :func:`py2:urllib.urlcleanup` * :class:`py2:urllib.URLopener` * :class:`py2:urllib.FancyURLopener` * :func:`py2:urllib.proxy_bypass` and :mod:`py2:urllib2`: * :func:`py2:urllib2.urlopen` * :func:`py2:urllib2.install_opener` * :func:`py2:urllib2.build_opener` * :func:`py2:urllib2.parse_http_list` * :func:`py2:urllib2.parse_keqv_list` * :class:`py2:urllib2.Request` * :class:`py2:urllib2.OpenerDirector` * :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPDefaultErrorHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPRedirectHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPCookieProcessor` * :class:`py2:urllib2.ProxyHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.BaseHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgr` * :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPPasswordMgrWithDefaultRealm` * :class:`py2:urllib2.AbstractBasicAuthHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPBasicAuthHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.ProxyBasicAuthHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.AbstractDigestAuthHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPDigestAuthHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.ProxyDigestAuthHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPSHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.FileHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.FTPHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.CacheFTPHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.UnknownHandler` * :class:`py2:urllib2.HTTPErrorProcessor` urllib response <<<<<<<<<<<<<<< .. module:: six.moves.urllib.response :synopsis: Stuff from :mod:`py2:urllib` in Python 2 and :mod:`py3:urllib.response` in Python 3 Contains classes from Python 3's :mod:`py3:urllib.response` and Python 2's: :mod:`py2:urllib`: * :class:`py2:urllib.addbase` * :class:`py2:urllib.addclosehook` * :class:`py2:urllib.addinfo` * :class:`py2:urllib.addinfourl` Advanced - Customizing renames <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< .. currentmodule:: six It is possible to add additional names to the :mod:`six.moves` namespace. .. function:: add_move(item) Add item to the :mod:`six.moves` mapping. item should be a :class:`MovedAttribute` or :class:`MovedModule` instance. .. function:: remove_move(name) Remove the :mod:`six.moves` mapping called name. name should be a string. Instances of the following classes can be passed to :func:`add_move`. Neither have any public members. .. class:: MovedModule(name, old_mod, new_mod) Create a mapping for :mod:`six.moves` called name that references different modules in Python 2 and 3. old_mod is the name of the Python 2 module. new_mod is the name of the Python 3 module. .. class:: MovedAttribute(name, old_mod, new_mod, old_attr=None, new_attr=None) Create a mapping for :mod:`six.moves` called name that references different attributes in Python 2 and 3. old_mod is the name of the Python 2 module. new_mod is the name of the Python 3 module. If new_attr is not given, it defaults to old_attr. If neither is given, they both default to name.	38.85 KB	2024-12-03 16:05

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