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📄 __init__.py """create and manipulate C data types in Python""" import os as _os, sys as _sys __version__ = "1.1.0" from _ctypes import Union, Structure, Array from _ctypes import _Pointer from _ctypes import CFuncPtr as _CFuncPtr from _ctypes import __version__ as _ctypes_version from _ctypes import RTLD_LOCAL, RTLD_GLOBAL from _ctypes import ArgumentError from struct import calcsize as _calcsize if __version__ != _ctypes_version: raise Exception("Version number mismatch", __version__, _ctypes_version) if _os.name == "nt": from _ctypes import FormatError DEFAULT_MODE = RTLD_LOCAL if _os.name == "posix" and _sys.platform == "darwin": # On OS X 10.3, we use RTLD_GLOBAL as default mode # because RTLD_LOCAL does not work at least on some # libraries. OS X 10.3 is Darwin 7, so we check for # that. if int(_os.uname().release.split('.')[0]) < 8: DEFAULT_MODE = RTLD_GLOBAL from _ctypes import FUNCFLAG_CDECL as _FUNCFLAG_CDECL, \ FUNCFLAG_PYTHONAPI as _FUNCFLAG_PYTHONAPI, \ FUNCFLAG_USE_ERRNO as _FUNCFLAG_USE_ERRNO, \ FUNCFLAG_USE_LASTERROR as _FUNCFLAG_USE_LASTERROR # WINOLEAPI -> HRESULT # WINOLEAPI_(type) # # STDMETHODCALLTYPE # # STDMETHOD(name) # STDMETHOD_(type, name) # # STDAPICALLTYPE def create_string_buffer(init, size=None): """create_string_buffer(aBytes) -> character array create_string_buffer(anInteger) -> character array create_string_buffer(aBytes, anInteger) -> character array """ if isinstance(init, bytes): if size is None: size = len(init)+1 _sys.audit("ctypes.create_string_buffer", init, size) buftype = c_char * size buf = buftype() buf.value = init return buf elif isinstance(init, int): _sys.audit("ctypes.create_string_buffer", None, init) buftype = c_char * init buf = buftype() return buf raise TypeError(init) def c_buffer(init, size=None): ## "deprecated, use create_string_buffer instead" ## import warnings ## warnings.warn("c_buffer is deprecated, use create_string_buffer instead", ## DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2) return create_string_buffer(init, size) _c_functype_cache = {} def CFUNCTYPE(restype, argtypes, kw): """CFUNCTYPE(restype, argtypes, use_errno=False, use_last_error=False) -> function prototype. restype: the result type argtypes: a sequence specifying the argument types The function prototype can be called in different ways to create a callable object: prototype(integer address) -> foreign function prototype(callable) -> create and return a C callable function from callable prototype(integer index, method name[, paramflags]) -> foreign function calling a COM method prototype((ordinal number, dll object)[, paramflags]) -> foreign function exported by ordinal prototype((function name, dll object)[, paramflags]) -> foreign function exported by name """ flags = _FUNCFLAG_CDECL if kw.pop("use_errno", False): flags \|= _FUNCFLAG_USE_ERRNO if kw.pop("use_last_error", False): flags \|= _FUNCFLAG_USE_LASTERROR if kw: raise ValueError("unexpected keyword argument(s) %s" % kw.keys()) try: return _c_functype_cache[(restype, argtypes, flags)] except KeyError: class CFunctionType(_CFuncPtr): _argtypes_ = argtypes _restype_ = restype _flags_ = flags _c_functype_cache[(restype, argtypes, flags)] = CFunctionType return CFunctionType if _os.name == "nt": from _ctypes import LoadLibrary as _dlopen from _ctypes import FUNCFLAG_STDCALL as _FUNCFLAG_STDCALL _win_functype_cache = {} def WINFUNCTYPE(restype, argtypes, kw): # docstring set later (very similar to CFUNCTYPE.__doc__) flags = _FUNCFLAG_STDCALL if kw.pop("use_errno", False): flags \|= _FUNCFLAG_USE_ERRNO if kw.pop("use_last_error", False): flags \|= _FUNCFLAG_USE_LASTERROR if kw: raise ValueError("unexpected keyword argument(s) %s" % kw.keys()) try: return _win_functype_cache[(restype, argtypes, flags)] except KeyError: class WinFunctionType(_CFuncPtr): _argtypes_ = argtypes _restype_ = restype _flags_ = flags _win_functype_cache[(restype, argtypes, flags)] = WinFunctionType return WinFunctionType if WINFUNCTYPE.__doc__: WINFUNCTYPE.__doc__ = CFUNCTYPE.__doc__.replace("CFUNCTYPE", "WINFUNCTYPE") elif _os.name == "posix": from _ctypes import dlopen as _dlopen from _ctypes import sizeof, byref, addressof, alignment, resize from _ctypes import get_errno, set_errno from _ctypes import _SimpleCData def _check_size(typ, typecode=None): # Check if sizeof(ctypes_type) against struct.calcsize. This # should protect somewhat against a misconfigured libffi. from struct import calcsize if typecode is None: # Most _type_ codes are the same as used in struct typecode = typ._type_ actual, required = sizeof(typ), calcsize(typecode) if actual != required: raise SystemError("sizeof(%s) wrong: %d instead of %d" % \ (typ, actual, required)) class py_object(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "O" def __repr__(self): try: return super().__repr__() except ValueError: return "%s(<NULL>)" % type(self).__name__ _check_size(py_object, "P") class c_short(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "h" _check_size(c_short) class c_ushort(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "H" _check_size(c_ushort) class c_long(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "l" _check_size(c_long) class c_ulong(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "L" _check_size(c_ulong) if _calcsize("i") == _calcsize("l"): # if int and long have the same size, make c_int an alias for c_long c_int = c_long c_uint = c_ulong else: class c_int(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "i" _check_size(c_int) class c_uint(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "I" _check_size(c_uint) class c_float(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "f" _check_size(c_float) class c_double(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "d" _check_size(c_double) class c_longdouble(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "g" if sizeof(c_longdouble) == sizeof(c_double): c_longdouble = c_double if _calcsize("l") == _calcsize("q"): # if long and long long have the same size, make c_longlong an alias for c_long c_longlong = c_long c_ulonglong = c_ulong else: class c_longlong(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "q" _check_size(c_longlong) class c_ulonglong(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "Q" ## def from_param(cls, val): ## return ('d', float(val), val) ## from_param = classmethod(from_param) _check_size(c_ulonglong) class c_ubyte(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "B" c_ubyte.__ctype_le__ = c_ubyte.__ctype_be__ = c_ubyte # backward compatibility: ##c_uchar = c_ubyte _check_size(c_ubyte) class c_byte(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "b" c_byte.__ctype_le__ = c_byte.__ctype_be__ = c_byte _check_size(c_byte) class c_char(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "c" c_char.__ctype_le__ = c_char.__ctype_be__ = c_char _check_size(c_char) class c_char_p(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "z" def __repr__(self): return "%s(%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, c_void_p.from_buffer(self).value) _check_size(c_char_p, "P") class c_void_p(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "P" c_voidp = c_void_p # backwards compatibility (to a bug) _check_size(c_void_p) class c_bool(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "?" from _ctypes import POINTER, pointer, _pointer_type_cache class c_wchar_p(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "Z" def __repr__(self): return "%s(%s)" % (self.__class__.__name__, c_void_p.from_buffer(self).value) class c_wchar(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "u" def _reset_cache(): _pointer_type_cache.clear() _c_functype_cache.clear() if _os.name == "nt": _win_functype_cache.clear() # _SimpleCData.c_wchar_p_from_param POINTER(c_wchar).from_param = c_wchar_p.from_param # _SimpleCData.c_char_p_from_param POINTER(c_char).from_param = c_char_p.from_param _pointer_type_cache[None] = c_void_p def create_unicode_buffer(init, size=None): """create_unicode_buffer(aString) -> character array create_unicode_buffer(anInteger) -> character array create_unicode_buffer(aString, anInteger) -> character array """ if isinstance(init, str): if size is None: if sizeof(c_wchar) == 2: # UTF-16 requires a surrogate pair (2 wchar_t) for non-BMP # characters (outside [U+0000; U+FFFF] range). +1 for trailing # NUL character. size = sum(2 if ord(c) > 0xFFFF else 1 for c in init) + 1 else: # 32-bit wchar_t (1 wchar_t per Unicode character). +1 for # trailing NUL character. size = len(init) + 1 _sys.audit("ctypes.create_unicode_buffer", init, size) buftype = c_wchar size buf = buftype() buf.value = init return buf elif isinstance(init, int): _sys.audit("ctypes.create_unicode_buffer", None, init) buftype = c_wchar * init buf = buftype() return buf raise TypeError(init) # XXX Deprecated def SetPointerType(pointer, cls): if _pointer_type_cache.get(cls, None) is not None: raise RuntimeError("This type already exists in the cache") if id(pointer) not in _pointer_type_cache: raise RuntimeError("What's this???") pointer.set_type(cls) _pointer_type_cache[cls] = pointer del _pointer_type_cache[id(pointer)] # XXX Deprecated def ARRAY(typ, len): return typ * len ################################################################ class CDLL(object): """An instance of this class represents a loaded dll/shared library, exporting functions using the standard C calling convention (named 'cdecl' on Windows). The exported functions can be accessed as attributes, or by indexing with the function name. Examples: <obj>.qsort -> callable object <obj>['qsort'] -> callable object Calling the functions releases the Python GIL during the call and reacquires it afterwards. """ _func_flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_CDECL _func_restype_ = c_int # default values for repr _name = '<uninitialized>' _handle = 0 _FuncPtr = None def __init__(self, name, mode=DEFAULT_MODE, handle=None, use_errno=False, use_last_error=False, winmode=None): self._name = name flags = self._func_flags_ if use_errno: flags \|= _FUNCFLAG_USE_ERRNO if use_last_error: flags \|= _FUNCFLAG_USE_LASTERROR if _sys.platform.startswith("aix"): """When the name contains ".a(" and ends with ")", e.g., "libFOO.a(libFOO.so)" - this is taken to be an archive(member) syntax for dlopen(), and the mode is adjusted. Otherwise, name is presented to dlopen() as a file argument. """ if name and name.endswith(")") and ".a(" in name: mode \|= ( _os.RTLD_MEMBER \| _os.RTLD_NOW ) if _os.name == "nt": if winmode is not None: mode = winmode else: import nt mode = nt._LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DEFAULT_DIRS if '/' in name or '\\' in name: self._name = nt._getfullpathname(self._name) mode \|= nt._LOAD_LIBRARY_SEARCH_DLL_LOAD_DIR class _FuncPtr(_CFuncPtr): _flags_ = flags _restype_ = self._func_restype_ self._FuncPtr = _FuncPtr if handle is None: self._handle = _dlopen(self._name, mode) else: self._handle = handle def __repr__(self): return "<%s '%s', handle %x at %#x>" % \ (self.__class__.__name__, self._name, (self._handle & (_sys.maxsize2 + 1)), id(self) & (_sys.maxsize2 + 1)) def __getattr__(self, name): if name.startswith('__') and name.endswith('__'): raise AttributeError(name) func = self.__getitem__(name) setattr(self, name, func) return func def __getitem__(self, name_or_ordinal): func = self._FuncPtr((name_or_ordinal, self)) if not isinstance(name_or_ordinal, int): func.__name__ = name_or_ordinal return func class PyDLL(CDLL): """This class represents the Python library itself. It allows accessing Python API functions. The GIL is not released, and Python exceptions are handled correctly. """ _func_flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_CDECL \| _FUNCFLAG_PYTHONAPI if _os.name == "nt": class WinDLL(CDLL): """This class represents a dll exporting functions using the Windows stdcall calling convention. """ _func_flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_STDCALL # XXX Hm, what about HRESULT as normal parameter? # Mustn't it derive from c_long then? from _ctypes import _check_HRESULT, _SimpleCData class HRESULT(_SimpleCData): _type_ = "l" # _check_retval_ is called with the function's result when it # is used as restype. It checks for the FAILED bit, and # raises an OSError if it is set. # # The _check_retval_ method is implemented in C, so that the # method definition itself is not included in the traceback # when it raises an error - that is what we want (and Python # doesn't have a way to raise an exception in the caller's # frame). _check_retval_ = _check_HRESULT class OleDLL(CDLL): """This class represents a dll exporting functions using the Windows stdcall calling convention, and returning HRESULT. HRESULT error values are automatically raised as OSError exceptions. """ _func_flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_STDCALL _func_restype_ = HRESULT class LibraryLoader(object): def __init__(self, dlltype): self._dlltype = dlltype def __getattr__(self, name): if name[0] == '_': raise AttributeError(name) dll = self._dlltype(name) setattr(self, name, dll) return dll def __getitem__(self, name): return getattr(self, name) def LoadLibrary(self, name): return self._dlltype(name) cdll = LibraryLoader(CDLL) pydll = LibraryLoader(PyDLL) if _os.name == "nt": pythonapi = PyDLL("python dll", None, _sys.dllhandle) elif _sys.platform == "cygwin": pythonapi = PyDLL("libpython%d.%d.dll" % _sys.version_info[:2]) else: pythonapi = PyDLL(None) if _os.name == "nt": windll = LibraryLoader(WinDLL) oledll = LibraryLoader(OleDLL) GetLastError = windll.kernel32.GetLastError from _ctypes import get_last_error, set_last_error def WinError(code=None, descr=None): if code is None: code = GetLastError() if descr is None: descr = FormatError(code).strip() return OSError(None, descr, None, code) if sizeof(c_uint) == sizeof(c_void_p): c_size_t = c_uint c_ssize_t = c_int elif sizeof(c_ulong) == sizeof(c_void_p): c_size_t = c_ulong c_ssize_t = c_long elif sizeof(c_ulonglong) == sizeof(c_void_p): c_size_t = c_ulonglong c_ssize_t = c_longlong # functions from _ctypes import _memmove_addr, _memset_addr, _string_at_addr, _cast_addr ## void memmove(void , const void , size_t); memmove = CFUNCTYPE(c_void_p, c_void_p, c_void_p, c_size_t)(_memmove_addr) ## void memset(void , int, size_t) memset = CFUNCTYPE(c_void_p, c_void_p, c_int, c_size_t)(_memset_addr) def PYFUNCTYPE(restype, argtypes): class CFunctionType(_CFuncPtr): _argtypes_ = argtypes _restype_ = restype _flags_ = _FUNCFLAG_CDECL \| _FUNCFLAG_PYTHONAPI return CFunctionType _cast = PYFUNCTYPE(py_object, c_void_p, py_object, py_object)(_cast_addr) def cast(obj, typ): return _cast(obj, obj, typ) _string_at = PYFUNCTYPE(py_object, c_void_p, c_int)(_string_at_addr) def string_at(ptr, size=-1): """string_at(addr[, size]) -> string Return the string at addr.""" return _string_at(ptr, size) try: from _ctypes import _wstring_at_addr except ImportError: pass else: _wstring_at = PYFUNCTYPE(py_object, c_void_p, c_int)(_wstring_at_addr) def wstring_at(ptr, size=-1): """wstring_at(addr[, size]) -> string Return the string at addr.""" return _wstring_at(ptr, size) if _os.name == "nt": # COM stuff def DllGetClassObject(rclsid, riid, ppv): try: ccom = __import__("comtypes.server.inprocserver", globals(), locals(), ['']) except ImportError: return -2147221231 # CLASS_E_CLASSNOTAVAILABLE else: return ccom.DllGetClassObject(rclsid, riid, ppv) def DllCanUnloadNow(): try: ccom = __import__("comtypes.server.inprocserver", globals(), locals(), ['']) except ImportError: return 0 # S_OK return ccom.DllCanUnloadNow() from ctypes._endian import BigEndianStructure, LittleEndianStructure # Fill in specifically-sized types c_int8 = c_byte c_uint8 = c_ubyte for kind in [c_short, c_int, c_long, c_longlong]: if sizeof(kind) == 2: c_int16 = kind elif sizeof(kind) == 4: c_int32 = kind elif sizeof(kind) == 8: c_int64 = kind for kind in [c_ushort, c_uint, c_ulong, c_ulonglong]: if sizeof(kind) == 2: c_uint16 = kind elif sizeof(kind) == 4: c_uint32 = kind elif sizeof(kind) == 8: c_uint64 = kind del(kind) _reset_cache()	17.49 KB	2024-09-06 20:41
📁 __pycache__	-	2025-10-13 08:00
📄 _aix.py """ Lib/ctypes.util.find_library() support for AIX Similar approach as done for Darwin support by using separate files but unlike Darwin - no extension such as ctypes.macholib.* dlopen() is an interface to AIX initAndLoad() - primary documentation at: https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/ssw_aix_61/com.ibm.aix.basetrf1/dlopen.htm https://www.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/en/ssw_aix_61/com.ibm.aix.basetrf1/load.htm AIX supports two styles for dlopen(): svr4 (System V Release 4) which is common on posix platforms, but also a BSD style - aka SVR3. From AIX 5.3 Difference Addendum (December 2004) 2.9 SVR4 linking affinity Nowadays, there are two major object file formats used by the operating systems: XCOFF: The COFF enhanced by IBM and others. The original COFF (Common Object File Format) was the base of SVR3 and BSD 4.2 systems. ELF: Executable and Linking Format that was developed by AT&T and is a base for SVR4 UNIX. While the shared library content is identical on AIX - one is located as a filepath name (svr4 style) and the other is located as a member of an archive (and the archive is located as a filepath name). The key difference arises when supporting multiple abi formats (i.e., 32 and 64 bit). For svr4 either only one ABI is supported, or there are two directories, or there are different file names. The most common solution for multiple ABI is multiple directories. For the XCOFF (aka AIX) style - one directory (one archive file) is sufficient as multiple shared libraries can be in the archive - even sharing the same name. In documentation the archive is also referred to as the "base" and the shared library object is referred to as the "member". For dlopen() on AIX (read initAndLoad()) the calls are similar. Default activity occurs when no path information is provided. When path information is provided dlopen() does not search any other directories. For SVR4 - the shared library name is the name of the file expected: libFOO.so For AIX - the shared library is expressed as base(member). The search is for the base (e.g., libFOO.a) and once the base is found the shared library - identified by member (e.g., libFOO.so, or shr.o) is located and loaded. The mode bit RTLD_MEMBER tells initAndLoad() that it needs to use the AIX (SVR3) naming style. """ __author__ = "Michael Felt <aixtools@felt.demon.nl>" import re from os import environ, path from sys import executable from ctypes import c_void_p, sizeof from subprocess import Popen, PIPE, DEVNULL # Executable bit size - 32 or 64 # Used to filter the search in an archive by size, e.g., -X64 AIX_ABI = sizeof(c_void_p) * 8 from sys import maxsize def _last_version(libnames, sep): def _num_version(libname): # "libxyz.so.MAJOR.MINOR" => [MAJOR, MINOR] parts = libname.split(sep) nums = [] try: while parts: nums.insert(0, int(parts.pop())) except ValueError: pass return nums or [maxsize] return max(reversed(libnames), key=_num_version) def get_ld_header(p): # "nested-function, but placed at module level ld_header = None for line in p.stdout: if line.startswith(('/', './', '../')): ld_header = line elif "INDEX" in line: return ld_header.rstrip('\n') return None def get_ld_header_info(p): # "nested-function, but placed at module level # as an ld_header was found, return known paths, archives and members # these lines start with a digit info = [] for line in p.stdout: if re.match("[0-9]", line): info.append(line) else: # blank line (separator), consume line and end for loop break return info def get_ld_headers(file): """ Parse the header of the loader section of executable and archives This function calls /usr/bin/dump -H as a subprocess and returns a list of (ld_header, ld_header_info) tuples. """ # get_ld_headers parsing: # 1. Find a line that starts with /, ./, or ../ - set as ld_header # 2. If "INDEX" in occurs in a following line - return ld_header # 3. get info (lines starting with [0-9]) ldr_headers = [] p = Popen(["/usr/bin/dump", f"-X{AIX_ABI}", "-H", file], universal_newlines=True, stdout=PIPE, stderr=DEVNULL) # be sure to read to the end-of-file - getting all entries while True: ld_header = get_ld_header(p) if ld_header: ldr_headers.append((ld_header, get_ld_header_info(p))) else: break p.stdout.close() p.wait() return ldr_headers def get_shared(ld_headers): """ extract the shareable objects from ld_headers character "[" is used to strip off the path information. Note: the "[" and "]" characters that are part of dump -H output are not removed here. """ shared = [] for (line, _) in ld_headers: # potential member lines contain "[" # otherwise, no processing needed if "[" in line: # Strip off trailing colon (:) shared.append(line[line.index("["):-1]) return shared def get_one_match(expr, lines): """ Must be only one match, otherwise result is None. When there is a match, strip leading "[" and trailing "]" """ # member names in the ld_headers output are between square brackets expr = rf'\[({expr})\]' matches = list(filter(None, (re.search(expr, line) for line in lines))) if len(matches) == 1: return matches[0].group(1) else: return None # additional processing to deal with AIX legacy names for 64-bit members def get_legacy(members): """ This routine provides historical aka legacy naming schemes started in AIX4 shared library support for library members names. e.g., in /usr/lib/libc.a the member name shr.o for 32-bit binary and shr_64.o for 64-bit binary. """ if AIX_ABI == 64: # AIX 64-bit member is one of shr64.o, shr_64.o, or shr4_64.o expr = r'shr4?_?64\.o' member = get_one_match(expr, members) if member: return member else: # 32-bit legacy names - both shr.o and shr4.o exist. # shr.o is the preffered name so we look for shr.o first # i.e., shr4.o is returned only when shr.o does not exist for name in ['shr.o', 'shr4.o']: member = get_one_match(re.escape(name), members) if member: return member return None def get_version(name, members): """ Sort list of members and return highest numbered version - if it exists. This function is called when an unversioned libFOO.a(libFOO.so) has not been found. Versioning for the member name is expected to follow GNU LIBTOOL conventions: the highest version (x, then X.y, then X.Y.z) * find [libFoo.so.X] * find [libFoo.so.X.Y] * find [libFoo.so.X.Y.Z] Before the GNU convention became the standard scheme regardless of binary size AIX packagers used GNU convention "as-is" for 32-bit archive members but used an "distinguishing" name for 64-bit members. This scheme inserted either 64 or _64 between libFOO and .so - generally libFOO_64.so, but occasionally libFOO64.so """ # the expression ending for versions must start as # '.so.[0-9]', i.e., .so.[at least one digit] # while multiple, more specific expressions could be specified # to search for .so.X, .so.X.Y and .so.X.Y.Z # after the first required 'dot' digit # any combination of additional 'dot' digits pairs are accepted # anything more than libFOO.so.digits.digits.digits # should be seen as a member name outside normal expectations exprs = [rf'lib{name}\.so\.[0-9]+[0-9.]', rf'lib{name}_?64\.so\.[0-9]+[0-9.]*'] for expr in exprs: versions = [] for line in members: m = re.search(expr, line) if m: versions.append(m.group(0)) if versions: return _last_version(versions, '.') return None def get_member(name, members): """ Return an archive member matching the request in name. Name is the library name without any prefix like lib, suffix like .so, or version number. Given a list of members find and return the most appropriate result Priority is given to generic libXXX.so, then a versioned libXXX.so.a.b.c and finally, legacy AIX naming scheme. """ # look first for a generic match - prepend lib and append .so expr = rf'lib{name}\.so' member = get_one_match(expr, members) if member: return member elif AIX_ABI == 64: expr = rf'lib{name}64\.so' member = get_one_match(expr, members) if member: return member # since an exact match with .so as suffix was not found # look for a versioned name # If a versioned name is not found, look for AIX legacy member name member = get_version(name, members) if member: return member else: return get_legacy(members) def get_libpaths(): """ On AIX, the buildtime searchpath is stored in the executable. as "loader header information". The command /usr/bin/dump -H extracts this info. Prefix searched libraries with LD_LIBRARY_PATH (preferred), or LIBPATH if defined. These paths are appended to the paths to libraries the python executable is linked with. This mimics AIX dlopen() behavior. """ libpaths = environ.get("LD_LIBRARY_PATH") if libpaths is None: libpaths = environ.get("LIBPATH") if libpaths is None: libpaths = [] else: libpaths = libpaths.split(":") objects = get_ld_headers(executable) for (_, lines) in objects: for line in lines: # the second (optional) argument is PATH if it includes a / path = line.split()[1] if "/" in path: libpaths.extend(path.split(":")) return libpaths def find_shared(paths, name): """ paths is a list of directories to search for an archive. name is the abbreviated name given to find_library(). Process: search "paths" for archive, and if an archive is found return the result of get_member(). If an archive is not found then return None """ for dir in paths: # /lib is a symbolic link to /usr/lib, skip it if dir == "/lib": continue # "lib" is prefixed to emulate compiler name resolution, # e.g., -lc to libc base = f'lib{name}.a' archive = path.join(dir, base) if path.exists(archive): members = get_shared(get_ld_headers(archive)) member = get_member(re.escape(name), members) if member != None: return (base, member) else: return (None, None) return (None, None) def find_library(name): """AIX implementation of ctypes.util.find_library() Find an archive member that will dlopen(). If not available, also search for a file (or link) with a .so suffix. AIX supports two types of schemes that can be used with dlopen(). The so-called SystemV Release4 (svr4) format is commonly suffixed with .so while the (default) AIX scheme has the library (archive) ending with the suffix .a As an archive has multiple members (e.g., 32-bit and 64-bit) in one file the argument passed to dlopen must include both the library and the member names in a single string. find_library() looks first for an archive (.a) with a suitable member. If no archive+member pair is found, look for a .so file. """ libpaths = get_libpaths() (base, member) = find_shared(libpaths, name) if base != None: return f"{base}({member})" # To get here, a member in an archive has not been found # In other words, either: # a) a .a file was not found # b) a .a file did not have a suitable member # So, look for a .so file # Check libpaths for .so file # Note, the installation must prepare a link from a .so # to a versioned file # This is common practice by GNU libtool on other platforms soname = f"lib{name}.so" for dir in libpaths: # /lib is a symbolic link to /usr/lib, skip it if dir == "/lib": continue shlib = path.join(dir, soname) if path.exists(shlib): return soname # if we are here, we have not found anything plausible return None	12.27 KB	2024-09-06 20:41
📄 _endian.py import sys from ctypes import * _array_type = type(Array) def _other_endian(typ): """Return the type with the 'other' byte order. Simple types like c_int and so on already have __ctype_be__ and __ctype_le__ attributes which contain the types, for more complicated types arrays and structures are supported. """ # check _OTHER_ENDIAN attribute (present if typ is primitive type) if hasattr(typ, _OTHER_ENDIAN): return getattr(typ, _OTHER_ENDIAN) # if typ is array if isinstance(typ, _array_type): return _other_endian(typ._type_) * typ._length_ # if typ is structure if issubclass(typ, Structure): return typ raise TypeError("This type does not support other endian: %s" % typ) class _swapped_meta(type(Structure)): def __setattr__(self, attrname, value): if attrname == "_fields_": fields = [] for desc in value: name = desc[0] typ = desc[1] rest = desc[2:] fields.append((name, _other_endian(typ)) + rest) value = fields super().__setattr__(attrname, value) ################################################################ # Note: The Structure metaclass checks for the presence (not the # value!) of a _swapped_bytes_ attribute to determine the bit order in # structures containing bit fields. if sys.byteorder == "little": _OTHER_ENDIAN = "__ctype_be__" LittleEndianStructure = Structure class BigEndianStructure(Structure, metaclass=_swapped_meta): """Structure with big endian byte order""" __slots__ = () _swappedbytes_ = None elif sys.byteorder == "big": _OTHER_ENDIAN = "__ctype_le__" BigEndianStructure = Structure class LittleEndianStructure(Structure, metaclass=_swapped_meta): """Structure with little endian byte order""" __slots__ = () _swappedbytes_ = None else: raise RuntimeError("Invalid byteorder")	1.95 KB	2024-09-06 20:41
📁 macholib	-	2025-10-13 08:00
📄 util.py import os import shutil import subprocess import sys # find_library(name) returns the pathname of a library, or None. if os.name == "nt": def _get_build_version(): """Return the version of MSVC that was used to build Python. For Python 2.3 and up, the version number is included in sys.version. For earlier versions, assume the compiler is MSVC 6. """ # This function was copied from Lib/distutils/msvccompiler.py prefix = "MSC v." i = sys.version.find(prefix) if i == -1: return 6 i = i + len(prefix) s, rest = sys.version[i:].split(" ", 1) majorVersion = int(s[:-2]) - 6 if majorVersion >= 13: majorVersion += 1 minorVersion = int(s[2:3]) / 10.0 # I don't think paths are affected by minor version in version 6 if majorVersion == 6: minorVersion = 0 if majorVersion >= 6: return majorVersion + minorVersion # else we don't know what version of the compiler this is return None def find_msvcrt(): """Return the name of the VC runtime dll""" version = _get_build_version() if version is None: # better be safe than sorry return None if version <= 6: clibname = 'msvcrt' elif version <= 13: clibname = 'msvcr%d' % (version * 10) else: # CRT is no longer directly loadable. See issue23606 for the # discussion about alternative approaches. return None # If python was built with in debug mode import importlib.machinery if '_d.pyd' in importlib.machinery.EXTENSION_SUFFIXES: clibname += 'd' return clibname+'.dll' def find_library(name): if name in ('c', 'm'): return find_msvcrt() # See MSDN for the REAL search order. for directory in os.environ['PATH'].split(os.pathsep): fname = os.path.join(directory, name) if os.path.isfile(fname): return fname if fname.lower().endswith(".dll"): continue fname = fname + ".dll" if os.path.isfile(fname): return fname return None elif os.name == "posix" and sys.platform == "darwin": from ctypes.macholib.dyld import dyld_find as _dyld_find def find_library(name): possible = ['lib%s.dylib' % name, '%s.dylib' % name, '%s.framework/%s' % (name, name)] for name in possible: try: return _dyld_find(name) except ValueError: continue return None elif sys.platform.startswith("aix"): # AIX has two styles of storing shared libraries # GNU auto_tools refer to these as svr4 and aix # svr4 (System V Release 4) is a regular file, often with .so as suffix # AIX style uses an archive (suffix .a) with members (e.g., shr.o, libssl.so) # see issue#26439 and _aix.py for more details from ctypes._aix import find_library elif os.name == "posix": # Andreas Degert's find functions, using gcc, /sbin/ldconfig, objdump import re, tempfile def _is_elf(filename): "Return True if the given file is an ELF file" elf_header = b'\x7fELF' with open(filename, 'br') as thefile: return thefile.read(4) == elf_header def _findLib_gcc(name): # Run GCC's linker with the -t (aka --trace) option and examine the # library name it prints out. The GCC command will fail because we # haven't supplied a proper program with main(), but that does not # matter. expr = os.fsencode(r'[^\(\)\s]lib%s\.[^\(\)\s]' % re.escape(name)) c_compiler = shutil.which('gcc') if not c_compiler: c_compiler = shutil.which('cc') if not c_compiler: # No C compiler available, give up return None temp = tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile() try: args = [c_compiler, '-Wl,-t', '-o', temp.name, '-l' + name] env = dict(os.environ) env['LC_ALL'] = 'C' env['LANG'] = 'C' try: proc = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.STDOUT, env=env) except OSError: # E.g. bad executable return None with proc: trace = proc.stdout.read() finally: try: temp.close() except FileNotFoundError: # Raised if the file was already removed, which is the normal # behaviour of GCC if linking fails pass res = re.findall(expr, trace) if not res: return None for file in res: # Check if the given file is an elf file: gcc can report # some files that are linker scripts and not actual # shared objects. See bpo-41976 for more details if not _is_elf(file): continue return os.fsdecode(file) if sys.platform == "sunos5": # use /usr/ccs/bin/dump on solaris def _get_soname(f): if not f: return None try: proc = subprocess.Popen(("/usr/ccs/bin/dump", "-Lpv", f), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL) except OSError: # E.g. command not found return None with proc: data = proc.stdout.read() res = re.search(br'\[.\]\sSONAME\s+([^\s]+)', data) if not res: return None return os.fsdecode(res.group(1)) else: def _get_soname(f): # assuming GNU binutils / ELF if not f: return None objdump = shutil.which('objdump') if not objdump: # objdump is not available, give up return None try: proc = subprocess.Popen((objdump, '-p', '-j', '.dynamic', f), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL) except OSError: # E.g. bad executable return None with proc: dump = proc.stdout.read() res = re.search(br'\sSONAME\s+([^\s]+)', dump) if not res: return None return os.fsdecode(res.group(1)) if sys.platform.startswith(("freebsd", "openbsd", "dragonfly")): def _num_version(libname): # "libxyz.so.MAJOR.MINOR" => [ MAJOR, MINOR ] parts = libname.split(b".") nums = [] try: while parts: nums.insert(0, int(parts.pop())) except ValueError: pass return nums or [sys.maxsize] def find_library(name): ename = re.escape(name) expr = r':-l%s\.\S+ => \S/(lib%s\.\S+)' % (ename, ename) expr = os.fsencode(expr) try: proc = subprocess.Popen(('/sbin/ldconfig', '-r'), stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL) except OSError: # E.g. command not found data = b'' else: with proc: data = proc.stdout.read() res = re.findall(expr, data) if not res: return _get_soname(_findLib_gcc(name)) res.sort(key=_num_version) return os.fsdecode(res[-1]) elif sys.platform == "sunos5": def _findLib_crle(name, is64): if not os.path.exists('/usr/bin/crle'): return None env = dict(os.environ) env['LC_ALL'] = 'C' if is64: args = ('/usr/bin/crle', '-64') else: args = ('/usr/bin/crle',) paths = None try: proc = subprocess.Popen(args, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, env=env) except OSError: # E.g. bad executable return None with proc: for line in proc.stdout: line = line.strip() if line.startswith(b'Default Library Path (ELF):'): paths = os.fsdecode(line).split()[4] if not paths: return None for dir in paths.split(":"): libfile = os.path.join(dir, "lib%s.so" % name) if os.path.exists(libfile): return libfile return None def find_library(name, is64 = False): return _get_soname(_findLib_crle(name, is64) or _findLib_gcc(name)) else: def _findSoname_ldconfig(name): import struct if struct.calcsize('l') == 4: machine = os.uname().machine + '-32' else: machine = os.uname().machine + '-64' mach_map = { 'x86_64-64': 'libc6,x86-64', 'ppc64-64': 'libc6,64bit', 'sparc64-64': 'libc6,64bit', 's390x-64': 'libc6,64bit', 'ia64-64': 'libc6,IA-64', } abi_type = mach_map.get(machine, 'libc6') # XXX assuming GLIBC's ldconfig (with option -p) regex = r'\s+(lib%s\.[^\s]+)\s+\(%s' regex = os.fsencode(regex % (re.escape(name), abi_type)) try: with subprocess.Popen(['/sbin/ldconfig', '-p'], stdin=subprocess.DEVNULL, stderr=subprocess.DEVNULL, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, env={'LC_ALL': 'C', 'LANG': 'C'}) as p: res = re.search(regex, p.stdout.read()) if res: return os.fsdecode(res.group(1)) except OSError: pass def _findLib_ld(name): # See issue #9998 for why this is needed expr = r'[^\(\)\s]lib%s\.[^\(\)\s]' % re.escape(name) cmd = ['ld', '-t'] libpath = os.environ.get('LD_LIBRARY_PATH') if libpath: for d in libpath.split(':'): cmd.extend(['-L', d]) cmd.extend(['-o', os.devnull, '-l%s' % name]) result = None try: p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE, stderr=subprocess.PIPE, universal_newlines=True) out, _ = p.communicate() res = re.findall(expr, os.fsdecode(out)) for file in res: # Check if the given file is an elf file: gcc can report # some files that are linker scripts and not actual # shared objects. See bpo-41976 for more details if not _is_elf(file): continue return os.fsdecode(file) except Exception: pass # result will be None return result def find_library(name): # See issue #9998 return _findSoname_ldconfig(name) or \ _get_soname(_findLib_gcc(name)) or _get_soname(_findLib_ld(name)) ################################################################ # test code def test(): from ctypes import cdll if os.name == "nt": print(cdll.msvcrt) print(cdll.load("msvcrt")) print(find_library("msvcrt")) if os.name == "posix": # find and load_version print(find_library("m")) print(find_library("c")) print(find_library("bz2")) # load if sys.platform == "darwin": print(cdll.LoadLibrary("libm.dylib")) print(cdll.LoadLibrary("libcrypto.dylib")) print(cdll.LoadLibrary("libSystem.dylib")) print(cdll.LoadLibrary("System.framework/System")) # issue-26439 - fix broken test call for AIX elif sys.platform.startswith("aix"): from ctypes import CDLL if sys.maxsize < 2**32: print(f"Using CDLL(name, os.RTLD_MEMBER): {CDLL('libc.a(shr.o)', os.RTLD_MEMBER)}") print(f"Using cdll.LoadLibrary(): {cdll.LoadLibrary('libc.a(shr.o)')}") # librpm.so is only available as 32-bit shared library print(find_library("rpm")) print(cdll.LoadLibrary("librpm.so")) else: print(f"Using CDLL(name, os.RTLD_MEMBER): {CDLL('libc.a(shr_64.o)', os.RTLD_MEMBER)}") print(f"Using cdll.LoadLibrary(): {cdll.LoadLibrary('libc.a(shr_64.o)')}") print(f"crypt\t:: {find_library('crypt')}") print(f"crypt\t:: {cdll.LoadLibrary(find_library('crypt'))}") print(f"crypto\t:: {find_library('crypto')}") print(f"crypto\t:: {cdll.LoadLibrary(find_library('crypto'))}") else: print(cdll.LoadLibrary("libm.so")) print(cdll.LoadLibrary("libcrypt.so")) print(find_library("crypt")) if __name__ == "__main__": test()	13.55 KB	2024-09-06 20:41
📄 wintypes.py # The most useful windows datatypes import ctypes BYTE = ctypes.c_byte WORD = ctypes.c_ushort DWORD = ctypes.c_ulong #UCHAR = ctypes.c_uchar CHAR = ctypes.c_char WCHAR = ctypes.c_wchar UINT = ctypes.c_uint INT = ctypes.c_int DOUBLE = ctypes.c_double FLOAT = ctypes.c_float BOOLEAN = BYTE BOOL = ctypes.c_long class VARIANT_BOOL(ctypes._SimpleCData): _type_ = "v" def __repr__(self): return "%s(%r)" % (self.__class__.__name__, self.value) ULONG = ctypes.c_ulong LONG = ctypes.c_long USHORT = ctypes.c_ushort SHORT = ctypes.c_short # in the windows header files, these are structures. _LARGE_INTEGER = LARGE_INTEGER = ctypes.c_longlong _ULARGE_INTEGER = ULARGE_INTEGER = ctypes.c_ulonglong LPCOLESTR = LPOLESTR = OLESTR = ctypes.c_wchar_p LPCWSTR = LPWSTR = ctypes.c_wchar_p LPCSTR = LPSTR = ctypes.c_char_p LPCVOID = LPVOID = ctypes.c_void_p # WPARAM is defined as UINT_PTR (unsigned type) # LPARAM is defined as LONG_PTR (signed type) if ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_long) == ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_void_p): WPARAM = ctypes.c_ulong LPARAM = ctypes.c_long elif ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_longlong) == ctypes.sizeof(ctypes.c_void_p): WPARAM = ctypes.c_ulonglong LPARAM = ctypes.c_longlong ATOM = WORD LANGID = WORD COLORREF = DWORD LGRPID = DWORD LCTYPE = DWORD LCID = DWORD ################################################################ # HANDLE types HANDLE = ctypes.c_void_p # in the header files: void * HACCEL = HANDLE HBITMAP = HANDLE HBRUSH = HANDLE HCOLORSPACE = HANDLE HDC = HANDLE HDESK = HANDLE HDWP = HANDLE HENHMETAFILE = HANDLE HFONT = HANDLE HGDIOBJ = HANDLE HGLOBAL = HANDLE HHOOK = HANDLE HICON = HANDLE HINSTANCE = HANDLE HKEY = HANDLE HKL = HANDLE HLOCAL = HANDLE HMENU = HANDLE HMETAFILE = HANDLE HMODULE = HANDLE HMONITOR = HANDLE HPALETTE = HANDLE HPEN = HANDLE HRGN = HANDLE HRSRC = HANDLE HSTR = HANDLE HTASK = HANDLE HWINSTA = HANDLE HWND = HANDLE SC_HANDLE = HANDLE SERVICE_STATUS_HANDLE = HANDLE ################################################################ # Some important structure definitions class RECT(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [("left", LONG), ("top", LONG), ("right", LONG), ("bottom", LONG)] tagRECT = _RECTL = RECTL = RECT class _SMALL_RECT(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [('Left', SHORT), ('Top', SHORT), ('Right', SHORT), ('Bottom', SHORT)] SMALL_RECT = _SMALL_RECT class _COORD(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [('X', SHORT), ('Y', SHORT)] class POINT(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [("x", LONG), ("y", LONG)] tagPOINT = _POINTL = POINTL = POINT class SIZE(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [("cx", LONG), ("cy", LONG)] tagSIZE = SIZEL = SIZE def RGB(red, green, blue): return red + (green << 8) + (blue << 16) class FILETIME(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [("dwLowDateTime", DWORD), ("dwHighDateTime", DWORD)] _FILETIME = FILETIME class MSG(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [("hWnd", HWND), ("message", UINT), ("wParam", WPARAM), ("lParam", LPARAM), ("time", DWORD), ("pt", POINT)] tagMSG = MSG MAX_PATH = 260 class WIN32_FIND_DATAA(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [("dwFileAttributes", DWORD), ("ftCreationTime", FILETIME), ("ftLastAccessTime", FILETIME), ("ftLastWriteTime", FILETIME), ("nFileSizeHigh", DWORD), ("nFileSizeLow", DWORD), ("dwReserved0", DWORD), ("dwReserved1", DWORD), ("cFileName", CHAR * MAX_PATH), ("cAlternateFileName", CHAR * 14)] class WIN32_FIND_DATAW(ctypes.Structure): _fields_ = [("dwFileAttributes", DWORD), ("ftCreationTime", FILETIME), ("ftLastAccessTime", FILETIME), ("ftLastWriteTime", FILETIME), ("nFileSizeHigh", DWORD), ("nFileSizeLow", DWORD), ("dwReserved0", DWORD), ("dwReserved1", DWORD), ("cFileName", WCHAR * MAX_PATH), ("cAlternateFileName", WCHAR * 14)] ################################################################ # Pointer types LPBOOL = PBOOL = ctypes.POINTER(BOOL) PBOOLEAN = ctypes.POINTER(BOOLEAN) LPBYTE = PBYTE = ctypes.POINTER(BYTE) PCHAR = ctypes.POINTER(CHAR) LPCOLORREF = ctypes.POINTER(COLORREF) LPDWORD = PDWORD = ctypes.POINTER(DWORD) LPFILETIME = PFILETIME = ctypes.POINTER(FILETIME) PFLOAT = ctypes.POINTER(FLOAT) LPHANDLE = PHANDLE = ctypes.POINTER(HANDLE) PHKEY = ctypes.POINTER(HKEY) LPHKL = ctypes.POINTER(HKL) LPINT = PINT = ctypes.POINTER(INT) PLARGE_INTEGER = ctypes.POINTER(LARGE_INTEGER) PLCID = ctypes.POINTER(LCID) LPLONG = PLONG = ctypes.POINTER(LONG) LPMSG = PMSG = ctypes.POINTER(MSG) LPPOINT = PPOINT = ctypes.POINTER(POINT) PPOINTL = ctypes.POINTER(POINTL) LPRECT = PRECT = ctypes.POINTER(RECT) LPRECTL = PRECTL = ctypes.POINTER(RECTL) LPSC_HANDLE = ctypes.POINTER(SC_HANDLE) PSHORT = ctypes.POINTER(SHORT) LPSIZE = PSIZE = ctypes.POINTER(SIZE) LPSIZEL = PSIZEL = ctypes.POINTER(SIZEL) PSMALL_RECT = ctypes.POINTER(SMALL_RECT) LPUINT = PUINT = ctypes.POINTER(UINT) PULARGE_INTEGER = ctypes.POINTER(ULARGE_INTEGER) PULONG = ctypes.POINTER(ULONG) PUSHORT = ctypes.POINTER(USHORT) PWCHAR = ctypes.POINTER(WCHAR) LPWIN32_FIND_DATAA = PWIN32_FIND_DATAA = ctypes.POINTER(WIN32_FIND_DATAA) LPWIN32_FIND_DATAW = PWIN32_FIND_DATAW = ctypes.POINTER(WIN32_FIND_DATAW) LPWORD = PWORD = ctypes.POINTER(WORD)	5.5 KB	2024-09-06 20:41

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