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📄 __init__.py	0 B	2026-01-07 23:39
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📄 bindings.py """ This module uses ctypes to bind a whole bunch of functions and constants from SecureTransport. The goal here is to provide the low-level API to SecureTransport. These are essentially the C-level functions and constants, and they're pretty gross to work with. This code is a bastardised version of the code found in Will Bond's oscrypto library. An enormous debt is owed to him for blazing this trail for us. For that reason, this code should be considered to be covered both by urllib3's license and by oscrypto's: Copyright (c) 2015-2016 Will Bond <will@wbond.net> Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. """ from __future__ import absolute_import import platform from ctypes import ( CDLL, CFUNCTYPE, POINTER, c_bool, c_byte, c_char_p, c_int32, c_long, c_size_t, c_uint32, c_ulong, c_void_p, ) from ctypes.util import find_library from pip._vendor.urllib3.packages.six import raise_from if platform.system() != "Darwin": raise ImportError("Only macOS is supported") version = platform.mac_ver()[0] version_info = tuple(map(int, version.split("."))) if version_info < (10, 8): raise OSError( "Only OS X 10.8 and newer are supported, not %s.%s" % (version_info[0], version_info[1]) ) def load_cdll(name, macos10_16_path): """Loads a CDLL by name, falling back to known path on 10.16+""" try: # Big Sur is technically 11 but we use 10.16 due to the Big Sur # beta being labeled as 10.16. if version_info >= (10, 16): path = macos10_16_path else: path = find_library(name) if not path: raise OSError # Caught and reraised as 'ImportError' return CDLL(path, use_errno=True) except OSError: raise_from(ImportError("The library %s failed to load" % name), None) Security = load_cdll( "Security", "/System/Library/Frameworks/Security.framework/Security" ) CoreFoundation = load_cdll( "CoreFoundation", "/System/Library/Frameworks/CoreFoundation.framework/CoreFoundation", ) Boolean = c_bool CFIndex = c_long CFStringEncoding = c_uint32 CFData = c_void_p CFString = c_void_p CFArray = c_void_p CFMutableArray = c_void_p CFDictionary = c_void_p CFError = c_void_p CFType = c_void_p CFTypeID = c_ulong CFTypeRef = POINTER(CFType) CFAllocatorRef = c_void_p OSStatus = c_int32 CFDataRef = POINTER(CFData) CFStringRef = POINTER(CFString) CFArrayRef = POINTER(CFArray) CFMutableArrayRef = POINTER(CFMutableArray) CFDictionaryRef = POINTER(CFDictionary) CFArrayCallBacks = c_void_p CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks = c_void_p CFDictionaryValueCallBacks = c_void_p SecCertificateRef = POINTER(c_void_p) SecExternalFormat = c_uint32 SecExternalItemType = c_uint32 SecIdentityRef = POINTER(c_void_p) SecItemImportExportFlags = c_uint32 SecItemImportExportKeyParameters = c_void_p SecKeychainRef = POINTER(c_void_p) SSLProtocol = c_uint32 SSLCipherSuite = c_uint32 SSLContextRef = POINTER(c_void_p) SecTrustRef = POINTER(c_void_p) SSLConnectionRef = c_uint32 SecTrustResultType = c_uint32 SecTrustOptionFlags = c_uint32 SSLProtocolSide = c_uint32 SSLConnectionType = c_uint32 SSLSessionOption = c_uint32 try: Security.SecItemImport.argtypes = [ CFDataRef, CFStringRef, POINTER(SecExternalFormat), POINTER(SecExternalItemType), SecItemImportExportFlags, POINTER(SecItemImportExportKeyParameters), SecKeychainRef, POINTER(CFArrayRef), ] Security.SecItemImport.restype = OSStatus Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID.argtypes = [] Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID.argtypes = [] Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID Security.SecKeyGetTypeID.argtypes = [] Security.SecKeyGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, CFDataRef] Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData.restype = SecCertificateRef Security.SecCertificateCopyData.argtypes = [SecCertificateRef] Security.SecCertificateCopyData.restype = CFDataRef Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p] Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate.argtypes = [ CFTypeRef, SecCertificateRef, POINTER(SecIdentityRef), ] Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate.restype = OSStatus Security.SecKeychainCreate.argtypes = [ c_char_p, c_uint32, c_void_p, Boolean, c_void_p, POINTER(SecKeychainRef), ] Security.SecKeychainCreate.restype = OSStatus Security.SecKeychainDelete.argtypes = [SecKeychainRef] Security.SecKeychainDelete.restype = OSStatus Security.SecPKCS12Import.argtypes = [ CFDataRef, CFDictionaryRef, POINTER(CFArrayRef), ] Security.SecPKCS12Import.restype = OSStatus SSLReadFunc = CFUNCTYPE(OSStatus, SSLConnectionRef, c_void_p, POINTER(c_size_t)) SSLWriteFunc = CFUNCTYPE( OSStatus, SSLConnectionRef, POINTER(c_byte), POINTER(c_size_t) ) Security.SSLSetIOFuncs.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLReadFunc, SSLWriteFunc] Security.SSLSetIOFuncs.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLSetPeerID.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t] Security.SSLSetPeerID.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLSetCertificate.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFArrayRef] Security.SSLSetCertificate.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLSetCertificateAuthorities.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFTypeRef, Boolean] Security.SSLSetCertificateAuthorities.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLSetConnection.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLConnectionRef] Security.SSLSetConnection.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t] Security.SSLSetPeerDomainName.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLHandshake.argtypes = [SSLContextRef] Security.SSLHandshake.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLRead.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t, POINTER(c_size_t)] Security.SSLRead.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLWrite.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, c_char_p, c_size_t, POINTER(c_size_t)] Security.SSLWrite.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLClose.argtypes = [SSLContextRef] Security.SSLClose.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLGetNumberSupportedCiphers.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(c_size_t)] Security.SSLGetNumberSupportedCiphers.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLGetSupportedCiphers.argtypes = [ SSLContextRef, POINTER(SSLCipherSuite), POINTER(c_size_t), ] Security.SSLGetSupportedCiphers.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers.argtypes = [ SSLContextRef, POINTER(SSLCipherSuite), c_size_t, ] Security.SSLSetEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLGetNumberEnabledCiphers.argtype = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(c_size_t)] Security.SSLGetNumberEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLGetEnabledCiphers.argtypes = [ SSLContextRef, POINTER(SSLCipherSuite), POINTER(c_size_t), ] Security.SSLGetEnabledCiphers.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLGetNegotiatedCipher.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(SSLCipherSuite)] Security.SSLGetNegotiatedCipher.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion.argtypes = [ SSLContextRef, POINTER(SSLProtocol), ] Security.SSLGetNegotiatedProtocolVersion.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, POINTER(SecTrustRef)] Security.SSLCopyPeerTrust.restype = OSStatus Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFArrayRef] Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificates.restype = OSStatus Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.argstypes = [SecTrustRef, Boolean] Security.SecTrustSetAnchorCertificatesOnly.restype = OSStatus Security.SecTrustEvaluate.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, POINTER(SecTrustResultType)] Security.SecTrustEvaluate.restype = OSStatus Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount.argtypes = [SecTrustRef] Security.SecTrustGetCertificateCount.restype = CFIndex Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex.argtypes = [SecTrustRef, CFIndex] Security.SecTrustGetCertificateAtIndex.restype = SecCertificateRef Security.SSLCreateContext.argtypes = [ CFAllocatorRef, SSLProtocolSide, SSLConnectionType, ] Security.SSLCreateContext.restype = SSLContextRef Security.SSLSetSessionOption.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLSessionOption, Boolean] Security.SSLSetSessionOption.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLProtocol] Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMin.restype = OSStatus Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, SSLProtocol] Security.SSLSetProtocolVersionMax.restype = OSStatus try: Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols.argtypes = [SSLContextRef, CFArrayRef] Security.SSLSetALPNProtocols.restype = OSStatus except AttributeError: # Supported only in 10.12+ pass Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.argtypes = [OSStatus, c_void_p] Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString.restype = CFStringRef Security.SSLReadFunc = SSLReadFunc Security.SSLWriteFunc = SSLWriteFunc Security.SSLContextRef = SSLContextRef Security.SSLProtocol = SSLProtocol Security.SSLCipherSuite = SSLCipherSuite Security.SecIdentityRef = SecIdentityRef Security.SecKeychainRef = SecKeychainRef Security.SecTrustRef = SecTrustRef Security.SecTrustResultType = SecTrustResultType Security.SecExternalFormat = SecExternalFormat Security.OSStatus = OSStatus Security.kSecImportExportPassphrase = CFStringRef.in_dll( Security, "kSecImportExportPassphrase" ) Security.kSecImportItemIdentity = CFStringRef.in_dll( Security, "kSecImportItemIdentity" ) # CoreFoundation time! CoreFoundation.CFRetain.argtypes = [CFTypeRef] CoreFoundation.CFRetain.restype = CFTypeRef CoreFoundation.CFRelease.argtypes = [CFTypeRef] CoreFoundation.CFRelease.restype = None CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.argtypes = [CFTypeRef] CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID.restype = CFTypeID CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.argtypes = [ CFAllocatorRef, c_char_p, CFStringEncoding, ] CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString.restype = CFStringRef CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.argtypes = [CFStringRef, CFStringEncoding] CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr.restype = c_char_p CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.argtypes = [ CFStringRef, c_char_p, CFIndex, CFStringEncoding, ] CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString.restype = c_bool CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.argtypes = [CFAllocatorRef, c_char_p, CFIndex] CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate.restype = CFDataRef CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.argtypes = [CFDataRef] CoreFoundation.CFDataGetLength.restype = CFIndex CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.argtypes = [CFDataRef] CoreFoundation.CFDataGetBytePtr.restype = c_void_p CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate.argtypes = [ CFAllocatorRef, POINTER(CFTypeRef), POINTER(CFTypeRef), CFIndex, CFDictionaryKeyCallBacks, CFDictionaryValueCallBacks, ] CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate.restype = CFDictionaryRef CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryGetValue.argtypes = [CFDictionaryRef, CFTypeRef] CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryGetValue.restype = CFTypeRef CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.argtypes = [ CFAllocatorRef, POINTER(CFTypeRef), CFIndex, CFArrayCallBacks, ] CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreate.restype = CFArrayRef CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.argtypes = [ CFAllocatorRef, CFIndex, CFArrayCallBacks, ] CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable.restype = CFMutableArrayRef CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.argtypes = [CFMutableArrayRef, c_void_p] CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue.restype = None CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.argtypes = [CFArrayRef] CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount.restype = CFIndex CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.argtypes = [CFArrayRef, CFIndex] CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex.restype = c_void_p CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault = CFAllocatorRef.in_dll( CoreFoundation, "kCFAllocatorDefault" ) CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll( CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeArrayCallBacks" ) CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll( CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks" ) CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks = c_void_p.in_dll( CoreFoundation, "kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks" ) CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef = CFTypeRef CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef = CFArrayRef CoreFoundation.CFStringRef = CFStringRef CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryRef = CFDictionaryRef except (AttributeError): raise ImportError("Error initializing ctypes") class CFConst(object): """ A class object that acts as essentially a namespace for CoreFoundation constants. """ kCFStringEncodingUTF8 = CFStringEncoding(0x08000100) class SecurityConst(object): """ A class object that acts as essentially a namespace for Security constants. """ kSSLSessionOptionBreakOnServerAuth = 0 kSSLProtocol2 = 1 kSSLProtocol3 = 2 kTLSProtocol1 = 4 kTLSProtocol11 = 7 kTLSProtocol12 = 8 # SecureTransport does not support TLS 1.3 even if there's a constant for it kTLSProtocol13 = 10 kTLSProtocolMaxSupported = 999 kSSLClientSide = 1 kSSLStreamType = 0 kSecFormatPEMSequence = 10 kSecTrustResultInvalid = 0 kSecTrustResultProceed = 1 # This gap is present on purpose: this was kSecTrustResultConfirm, which # is deprecated. kSecTrustResultDeny = 3 kSecTrustResultUnspecified = 4 kSecTrustResultRecoverableTrustFailure = 5 kSecTrustResultFatalTrustFailure = 6 kSecTrustResultOtherError = 7 errSSLProtocol = -9800 errSSLWouldBlock = -9803 errSSLClosedGraceful = -9805 errSSLClosedNoNotify = -9816 errSSLClosedAbort = -9806 errSSLXCertChainInvalid = -9807 errSSLCrypto = -9809 errSSLInternal = -9810 errSSLCertExpired = -9814 errSSLCertNotYetValid = -9815 errSSLUnknownRootCert = -9812 errSSLNoRootCert = -9813 errSSLHostNameMismatch = -9843 errSSLPeerHandshakeFail = -9824 errSSLPeerUserCancelled = -9839 errSSLWeakPeerEphemeralDHKey = -9850 errSSLServerAuthCompleted = -9841 errSSLRecordOverflow = -9847 errSecVerifyFailed = -67808 errSecNoTrustSettings = -25263 errSecItemNotFound = -25300 errSecInvalidTrustSettings = -25262 # Cipher suites. We only pick the ones our default cipher string allows. # Source: https://developer.apple.com/documentation/security/1550981-ssl_cipher_suite_values TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0xC02C TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0xC030 TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0xC02B TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0xC02F TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 = 0xCCA9 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256 = 0xCCA8 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0x009F TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0x009E TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = 0xC024 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA384 = 0xC028 TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0xC00A TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0xC014 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 = 0x006B TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0x0039 TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0xC023 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0xC027 TLS_ECDHE_ECDSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0xC009 TLS_ECDHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0xC013 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0x0067 TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0x0033 TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0x009D TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0x009C TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA256 = 0x003D TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA256 = 0x003C TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA = 0x0035 TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA = 0x002F TLS_AES_128_GCM_SHA256 = 0x1301 TLS_AES_256_GCM_SHA384 = 0x1302 TLS_AES_128_CCM_8_SHA256 = 0x1305 TLS_AES_128_CCM_SHA256 = 0x1304	17.24 KB	2026-01-07 23:39
📄 low_level.py """ Low-level helpers for the SecureTransport bindings. These are Python functions that are not directly related to the high-level APIs but are necessary to get them to work. They include a whole bunch of low-level CoreFoundation messing about and memory management. The concerns in this module are almost entirely about trying to avoid memory leaks and providing appropriate and useful assistance to the higher-level code. """ import base64 import ctypes import itertools import os import re import ssl import struct import tempfile from .bindings import CFConst, CoreFoundation, Security # This regular expression is used to grab PEM data out of a PEM bundle. _PEM_CERTS_RE = re.compile( b"-----BEGIN CERTIFICATE-----\n(.?)\n-----END CERTIFICATE-----", re.DOTALL ) def _cf_data_from_bytes(bytestring): """ Given a bytestring, create a CFData object from it. This CFData object must be CFReleased by the caller. """ return CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate( CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, bytestring, len(bytestring) ) def _cf_dictionary_from_tuples(tuples): """ Given a list of Python tuples, create an associated CFDictionary. """ dictionary_size = len(tuples) # We need to get the dictionary keys and values out in the same order. keys = (t[0] for t in tuples) values = (t[1] for t in tuples) cf_keys = (CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef dictionary_size)(keys) cf_values = (CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef dictionary_size)(values) return CoreFoundation.CFDictionaryCreate( CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, cf_keys, cf_values, dictionary_size, CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryKeyCallBacks, CoreFoundation.kCFTypeDictionaryValueCallBacks, ) def _cfstr(py_bstr): """ Given a Python binary data, create a CFString. The string must be CFReleased by the caller. """ c_str = ctypes.c_char_p(py_bstr) cf_str = CoreFoundation.CFStringCreateWithCString( CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, c_str, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8, ) return cf_str def _create_cfstring_array(lst): """ Given a list of Python binary data, create an associated CFMutableArray. The array must be CFReleased by the caller. Raises an ssl.SSLError on failure. """ cf_arr = None try: cf_arr = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable( CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks), ) if not cf_arr: raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory!") for item in lst: cf_str = _cfstr(item) if not cf_str: raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory!") try: CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(cf_arr, cf_str) finally: CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_str) except BaseException as e: if cf_arr: CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_arr) raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate array: %s" % (e,)) return cf_arr def _cf_string_to_unicode(value): """ Creates a Unicode string from a CFString object. Used entirely for error reporting. Yes, it annoys me quite a lot that this function is this complex. """ value_as_void_p = ctypes.cast(value, ctypes.POINTER(ctypes.c_void_p)) string = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCStringPtr( value_as_void_p, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8 ) if string is None: buffer = ctypes.create_string_buffer(1024) result = CoreFoundation.CFStringGetCString( value_as_void_p, buffer, 1024, CFConst.kCFStringEncodingUTF8 ) if not result: raise OSError("Error copying C string from CFStringRef") string = buffer.value if string is not None: string = string.decode("utf-8") return string def _assert_no_error(error, exception_class=None): """ Checks the return code and throws an exception if there is an error to report """ if error == 0: return cf_error_string = Security.SecCopyErrorMessageString(error, None) output = _cf_string_to_unicode(cf_error_string) CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cf_error_string) if output is None or output == u"": output = u"OSStatus %s" % error if exception_class is None: exception_class = ssl.SSLError raise exception_class(output) def _cert_array_from_pem(pem_bundle): """ Given a bundle of certs in PEM format, turns them into a CFArray of certs that can be used to validate a cert chain. """ # Normalize the PEM bundle's line endings. pem_bundle = pem_bundle.replace(b"\r\n", b"\n") der_certs = [ base64.b64decode(match.group(1)) for match in _PEM_CERTS_RE.finditer(pem_bundle) ] if not der_certs: raise ssl.SSLError("No root certificates specified") cert_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable( CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks), ) if not cert_array: raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate memory!") try: for der_bytes in der_certs: certdata = _cf_data_from_bytes(der_bytes) if not certdata: raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to allocate memory!") cert = Security.SecCertificateCreateWithData( CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, certdata ) CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certdata) if not cert: raise ssl.SSLError("Unable to build cert object!") CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(cert_array, cert) CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert) except Exception: # We need to free the array before the exception bubbles further. # We only want to do that if an error occurs: otherwise, the caller # should free. CoreFoundation.CFRelease(cert_array) raise return cert_array def _is_cert(item): """ Returns True if a given CFTypeRef is a certificate. """ expected = Security.SecCertificateGetTypeID() return CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID(item) == expected def _is_identity(item): """ Returns True if a given CFTypeRef is an identity. """ expected = Security.SecIdentityGetTypeID() return CoreFoundation.CFGetTypeID(item) == expected def _temporary_keychain(): """ This function creates a temporary Mac keychain that we can use to work with credentials. This keychain uses a one-time password and a temporary file to store the data. We expect to have one keychain per socket. The returned SecKeychainRef must be freed by the caller, including calling SecKeychainDelete. Returns a tuple of the SecKeychainRef and the path to the temporary directory that contains it. """ # Unfortunately, SecKeychainCreate requires a path to a keychain. This # means we cannot use mkstemp to use a generic temporary file. Instead, # we're going to create a temporary directory and a filename to use there. # This filename will be 8 random bytes expanded into base64. We also need # some random bytes to password-protect the keychain we're creating, so we # ask for 40 random bytes. random_bytes = os.urandom(40) filename = base64.b16encode(random_bytes[:8]).decode("utf-8") password = base64.b16encode(random_bytes[8:]) # Must be valid UTF-8 tempdirectory = tempfile.mkdtemp() keychain_path = os.path.join(tempdirectory, filename).encode("utf-8") # We now want to create the keychain itself. keychain = Security.SecKeychainRef() status = Security.SecKeychainCreate( keychain_path, len(password), password, False, None, ctypes.byref(keychain) ) _assert_no_error(status) # Having created the keychain, we want to pass it off to the caller. return keychain, tempdirectory def _load_items_from_file(keychain, path): """ Given a single file, loads all the trust objects from it into arrays and the keychain. Returns a tuple of lists: the first list is a list of identities, the second a list of certs. """ certificates = [] identities = [] result_array = None with open(path, "rb") as f: raw_filedata = f.read() try: filedata = CoreFoundation.CFDataCreate( CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, raw_filedata, len(raw_filedata) ) result_array = CoreFoundation.CFArrayRef() result = Security.SecItemImport( filedata, # cert data None, # Filename, leaving it out for now None, # What the type of the file is, we don't care None, # what's in the file, we don't care 0, # import flags None, # key params, can include passphrase in the future keychain, # The keychain to insert into ctypes.byref(result_array), # Results ) _assert_no_error(result) # A CFArray is not very useful to us as an intermediary # representation, so we are going to extract the objects we want # and then free the array. We don't need to keep hold of keys: the # keychain already has them! result_count = CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetCount(result_array) for index in range(result_count): item = CoreFoundation.CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(result_array, index) item = ctypes.cast(item, CoreFoundation.CFTypeRef) if _is_cert(item): CoreFoundation.CFRetain(item) certificates.append(item) elif _is_identity(item): CoreFoundation.CFRetain(item) identities.append(item) finally: if result_array: CoreFoundation.CFRelease(result_array) CoreFoundation.CFRelease(filedata) return (identities, certificates) def _load_client_cert_chain(keychain, paths): """ Load certificates and maybe keys from a number of files. Has the end goal of returning a CFArray containing one SecIdentityRef, and then zero or more SecCertificateRef objects, suitable for use as a client certificate trust chain. """ # Ok, the strategy. # # This relies on knowing that macOS will not give you a SecIdentityRef # unless you have imported a key into a keychain. This is a somewhat # artificial limitation of macOS (for example, it doesn't necessarily # affect iOS), but there is nothing inside Security.framework that lets you # get a SecIdentityRef without having a key in a keychain. # # So the policy here is we take all the files and iterate them in order. # Each one will use SecItemImport to have one or more objects loaded from # it. We will also point at a keychain that macOS can use to work with the # private key. # # Once we have all the objects, we'll check what we actually have. If we # already have a SecIdentityRef in hand, fab: we'll use that. Otherwise, # we'll take the first certificate (which we assume to be our leaf) and # ask the keychain to give us a SecIdentityRef with that cert's associated # key. # # We'll then return a CFArray containing the trust chain: one # SecIdentityRef and then zero-or-more SecCertificateRef objects. The # responsibility for freeing this CFArray will be with the caller. This # CFArray must remain alive for the entire connection, so in practice it # will be stored with a single SSLSocket, along with the reference to the # keychain. certificates = [] identities = [] # Filter out bad paths. paths = (path for path in paths if path) try: for file_path in paths: new_identities, new_certs = _load_items_from_file(keychain, file_path) identities.extend(new_identities) certificates.extend(new_certs) # Ok, we have everything. The question is: do we have an identity? If # not, we want to grab one from the first cert we have. if not identities: new_identity = Security.SecIdentityRef() status = Security.SecIdentityCreateWithCertificate( keychain, certificates[0], ctypes.byref(new_identity) ) _assert_no_error(status) identities.append(new_identity) # We now want to release the original certificate, as we no longer # need it. CoreFoundation.CFRelease(certificates.pop(0)) # We now need to build a new CFArray that holds the trust chain. trust_chain = CoreFoundation.CFArrayCreateMutable( CoreFoundation.kCFAllocatorDefault, 0, ctypes.byref(CoreFoundation.kCFTypeArrayCallBacks), ) for item in itertools.chain(identities, certificates): # ArrayAppendValue does a CFRetain on the item. That's fine, # because the finally block will release our other refs to them. CoreFoundation.CFArrayAppendValue(trust_chain, item) return trust_chain finally: for obj in itertools.chain(identities, certificates): CoreFoundation.CFRelease(obj) TLS_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS = { "SSLv2": (0, 2), "SSLv3": (3, 0), "TLSv1": (3, 1), "TLSv1.1": (3, 2), "TLSv1.2": (3, 3), } def _build_tls_unknown_ca_alert(version): """ Builds a TLS alert record for an unknown CA. """ ver_maj, ver_min = TLS_PROTOCOL_VERSIONS[version] severity_fatal = 0x02 description_unknown_ca = 0x30 msg = struct.pack(">BB", severity_fatal, description_unknown_ca) msg_len = len(msg) record_type_alert = 0x15 record = struct.pack(">BBBH", record_type_alert, ver_maj, ver_min, msg_len) + msg return record	13.6 KB	2026-01-07 23:39

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