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📁 ..	-	2026-03-21 15:45
📄 __init__.py # Copyright 2009 Brian Quinlan. All Rights Reserved. # Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement. """Execute computations asynchronously using threads or processes.""" __author__ = 'Brian Quinlan (brian@sweetapp.com)' from concurrent.futures._base import (FIRST_COMPLETED, FIRST_EXCEPTION, ALL_COMPLETED, CancelledError, TimeoutError, InvalidStateError, BrokenExecutor, Future, Executor, wait, as_completed) __all__ = ( 'FIRST_COMPLETED', 'FIRST_EXCEPTION', 'ALL_COMPLETED', 'CancelledError', 'TimeoutError', 'BrokenExecutor', 'Future', 'Executor', 'wait', 'as_completed', 'ProcessPoolExecutor', 'ThreadPoolExecutor', ) def __dir__(): return __all__ + ('__author__', '__doc__') def __getattr__(name): global ProcessPoolExecutor, ThreadPoolExecutor if name == 'ProcessPoolExecutor': from .process import ProcessPoolExecutor as pe ProcessPoolExecutor = pe return pe if name == 'ThreadPoolExecutor': from .thread import ThreadPoolExecutor as te ThreadPoolExecutor = te return te raise AttributeError(f"module {__name__!r} has no attribute {name!r}")	1.52 KB	2025-10-09 16:16
📁 __pycache__	-	2026-03-21 15:45
📄 _base.py # Copyright 2009 Brian Quinlan. All Rights Reserved. # Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement. __author__ = 'Brian Quinlan (brian@sweetapp.com)' import collections import logging import threading import time import types FIRST_COMPLETED = 'FIRST_COMPLETED' FIRST_EXCEPTION = 'FIRST_EXCEPTION' ALL_COMPLETED = 'ALL_COMPLETED' _AS_COMPLETED = '_AS_COMPLETED' # Possible future states (for internal use by the futures package). PENDING = 'PENDING' RUNNING = 'RUNNING' # The future was cancelled by the user... CANCELLED = 'CANCELLED' # ...and _Waiter.add_cancelled() was called by a worker. CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED = 'CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED' FINISHED = 'FINISHED' _FUTURE_STATES = [ PENDING, RUNNING, CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED, FINISHED ] _STATE_TO_DESCRIPTION_MAP = { PENDING: "pending", RUNNING: "running", CANCELLED: "cancelled", CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED: "cancelled", FINISHED: "finished" } # Logger for internal use by the futures package. LOGGER = logging.getLogger("concurrent.futures") class Error(Exception): """Base class for all future-related exceptions.""" pass class CancelledError(Error): """The Future was cancelled.""" pass TimeoutError = TimeoutError # make local alias for the standard exception class InvalidStateError(Error): """The operation is not allowed in this state.""" pass class _Waiter(object): """Provides the event that wait() and as_completed() block on.""" def __init__(self): self.event = threading.Event() self.finished_futures = [] def add_result(self, future): self.finished_futures.append(future) def add_exception(self, future): self.finished_futures.append(future) def add_cancelled(self, future): self.finished_futures.append(future) class _AsCompletedWaiter(_Waiter): """Used by as_completed().""" def __init__(self): super(_AsCompletedWaiter, self).__init__() self.lock = threading.Lock() def add_result(self, future): with self.lock: super(_AsCompletedWaiter, self).add_result(future) self.event.set() def add_exception(self, future): with self.lock: super(_AsCompletedWaiter, self).add_exception(future) self.event.set() def add_cancelled(self, future): with self.lock: super(_AsCompletedWaiter, self).add_cancelled(future) self.event.set() class _FirstCompletedWaiter(_Waiter): """Used by wait(return_when=FIRST_COMPLETED).""" def add_result(self, future): super().add_result(future) self.event.set() def add_exception(self, future): super().add_exception(future) self.event.set() def add_cancelled(self, future): super().add_cancelled(future) self.event.set() class _AllCompletedWaiter(_Waiter): """Used by wait(return_when=FIRST_EXCEPTION and ALL_COMPLETED).""" def __init__(self, num_pending_calls, stop_on_exception): self.num_pending_calls = num_pending_calls self.stop_on_exception = stop_on_exception self.lock = threading.Lock() super().__init__() def _decrement_pending_calls(self): with self.lock: self.num_pending_calls -= 1 if not self.num_pending_calls: self.event.set() def add_result(self, future): super().add_result(future) self._decrement_pending_calls() def add_exception(self, future): super().add_exception(future) if self.stop_on_exception: self.event.set() else: self._decrement_pending_calls() def add_cancelled(self, future): super().add_cancelled(future) self._decrement_pending_calls() class _AcquireFutures(object): """A context manager that does an ordered acquire of Future conditions.""" def __init__(self, futures): self.futures = sorted(futures, key=id) def __enter__(self): for future in self.futures: future._condition.acquire() def __exit__(self, args): for future in self.futures: future._condition.release() def _create_and_install_waiters(fs, return_when): if return_when == _AS_COMPLETED: waiter = _AsCompletedWaiter() elif return_when == FIRST_COMPLETED: waiter = _FirstCompletedWaiter() else: pending_count = sum( f._state not in [CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED, FINISHED] for f in fs) if return_when == FIRST_EXCEPTION: waiter = _AllCompletedWaiter(pending_count, stop_on_exception=True) elif return_when == ALL_COMPLETED: waiter = _AllCompletedWaiter(pending_count, stop_on_exception=False) else: raise ValueError("Invalid return condition: %r" % return_when) for f in fs: f._waiters.append(waiter) return waiter def _yield_finished_futures(fs, waiter, ref_collect): """ Iterate on the list fs, yielding finished futures one by one in reverse order. Before yielding a future, waiter* is removed from its waiters and the future is removed from each set in the collection of sets ref_collect. The aim of this function is to avoid keeping stale references after the future is yielded and before the iterator resumes. """ while fs: f = fs[-1] for futures_set in ref_collect: futures_set.remove(f) with f._condition: f._waiters.remove(waiter) del f # Careful not to keep a reference to the popped value yield fs.pop() def as_completed(fs, timeout=None): """An iterator over the given futures that yields each as it completes. Args: fs: The sequence of Futures (possibly created by different Executors) to iterate over. timeout: The maximum number of seconds to wait. If None, then there is no limit on the wait time. Returns: An iterator that yields the given Futures as they complete (finished or cancelled). If any given Futures are duplicated, they will be returned once. Raises: TimeoutError: If the entire result iterator could not be generated before the given timeout. """ if timeout is not None: end_time = timeout + time.monotonic() fs = set(fs) total_futures = len(fs) with _AcquireFutures(fs): finished = set( f for f in fs if f._state in [CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED, FINISHED]) pending = fs - finished waiter = _create_and_install_waiters(fs, _AS_COMPLETED) finished = list(finished) try: yield from _yield_finished_futures(finished, waiter, ref_collect=(fs,)) while pending: if timeout is None: wait_timeout = None else: wait_timeout = end_time - time.monotonic() if wait_timeout < 0: raise TimeoutError( '%d (of %d) futures unfinished' % ( len(pending), total_futures)) waiter.event.wait(wait_timeout) with waiter.lock: finished = waiter.finished_futures waiter.finished_futures = [] waiter.event.clear() # reverse to keep finishing order finished.reverse() yield from _yield_finished_futures(finished, waiter, ref_collect=(fs, pending)) finally: # Remove waiter from unfinished futures for f in fs: with f._condition: f._waiters.remove(waiter) DoneAndNotDoneFutures = collections.namedtuple( 'DoneAndNotDoneFutures', 'done not_done') def wait(fs, timeout=None, return_when=ALL_COMPLETED): """Wait for the futures in the given sequence to complete. Args: fs: The sequence of Futures (possibly created by different Executors) to wait upon. timeout: The maximum number of seconds to wait. If None, then there is no limit on the wait time. return_when: Indicates when this function should return. The options are: FIRST_COMPLETED - Return when any future finishes or is cancelled. FIRST_EXCEPTION - Return when any future finishes by raising an exception. If no future raises an exception then it is equivalent to ALL_COMPLETED. ALL_COMPLETED - Return when all futures finish or are cancelled. Returns: A named 2-tuple of sets. The first set, named 'done', contains the futures that completed (is finished or cancelled) before the wait completed. The second set, named 'not_done', contains uncompleted futures. Duplicate futures given to fs are removed and will be returned only once. """ fs = set(fs) with _AcquireFutures(fs): done = {f for f in fs if f._state in [CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED, FINISHED]} not_done = fs - done if (return_when == FIRST_COMPLETED) and done: return DoneAndNotDoneFutures(done, not_done) elif (return_when == FIRST_EXCEPTION) and done: if any(f for f in done if not f.cancelled() and f.exception() is not None): return DoneAndNotDoneFutures(done, not_done) if len(done) == len(fs): return DoneAndNotDoneFutures(done, not_done) waiter = _create_and_install_waiters(fs, return_when) waiter.event.wait(timeout) for f in fs: with f._condition: f._waiters.remove(waiter) done.update(waiter.finished_futures) return DoneAndNotDoneFutures(done, fs - done) def _result_or_cancel(fut, timeout=None): try: try: return fut.result(timeout) finally: fut.cancel() finally: # Break a reference cycle with the exception in self._exception del fut class Future(object): """Represents the result of an asynchronous computation.""" def __init__(self): """Initializes the future. Should not be called by clients.""" self._condition = threading.Condition() self._state = PENDING self._result = None self._exception = None self._waiters = [] self._done_callbacks = [] def _invoke_callbacks(self): for callback in self._done_callbacks: try: callback(self) except Exception: LOGGER.exception('exception calling callback for %r', self) def __repr__(self): with self._condition: if self._state == FINISHED: if self._exception: return '<%s at %#x state=%s raised %s>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, id(self), _STATE_TO_DESCRIPTION_MAP[self._state], self._exception.__class__.__name__) else: return '<%s at %#x state=%s returned %s>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, id(self), _STATE_TO_DESCRIPTION_MAP[self._state], self._result.__class__.__name__) return '<%s at %#x state=%s>' % ( self.__class__.__name__, id(self), _STATE_TO_DESCRIPTION_MAP[self._state]) def cancel(self): """Cancel the future if possible. Returns True if the future was cancelled, False otherwise. A future cannot be cancelled if it is running or has already completed. """ with self._condition: if self._state in [RUNNING, FINISHED]: return False if self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED]: return True self._state = CANCELLED self._condition.notify_all() self._invoke_callbacks() return True def cancelled(self): """Return True if the future was cancelled.""" with self._condition: return self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED] def running(self): """Return True if the future is currently executing.""" with self._condition: return self._state == RUNNING def done(self): """Return True if the future was cancelled or finished executing.""" with self._condition: return self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED, FINISHED] def __get_result(self): if self._exception: try: raise self._exception finally: # Break a reference cycle with the exception in self._exception self = None else: return self._result def add_done_callback(self, fn): """Attaches a callable that will be called when the future finishes. Args: fn: A callable that will be called with this future as its only argument when the future completes or is cancelled. The callable will always be called by a thread in the same process in which it was added. If the future has already completed or been cancelled then the callable will be called immediately. These callables are called in the order that they were added. """ with self._condition: if self._state not in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED, FINISHED]: self._done_callbacks.append(fn) return try: fn(self) except Exception: LOGGER.exception('exception calling callback for %r', self) def result(self, timeout=None): """Return the result of the call that the future represents. Args: timeout: The number of seconds to wait for the result if the future isn't done. If None, then there is no limit on the wait time. Returns: The result of the call that the future represents. Raises: CancelledError: If the future was cancelled. TimeoutError: If the future didn't finish executing before the given timeout. Exception: If the call raised then that exception will be raised. """ try: with self._condition: if self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED]: raise CancelledError() elif self._state == FINISHED: return self.__get_result() self._condition.wait(timeout) if self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED]: raise CancelledError() elif self._state == FINISHED: return self.__get_result() else: raise TimeoutError() finally: # Break a reference cycle with the exception in self._exception self = None def exception(self, timeout=None): """Return the exception raised by the call that the future represents. Args: timeout: The number of seconds to wait for the exception if the future isn't done. If None, then there is no limit on the wait time. Returns: The exception raised by the call that the future represents or None if the call completed without raising. Raises: CancelledError: If the future was cancelled. TimeoutError: If the future didn't finish executing before the given timeout. """ with self._condition: if self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED]: raise CancelledError() elif self._state == FINISHED: return self._exception self._condition.wait(timeout) if self._state in [CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED]: raise CancelledError() elif self._state == FINISHED: return self._exception else: raise TimeoutError() # The following methods should only be used by Executors and in tests. def set_running_or_notify_cancel(self): """Mark the future as running or process any cancel notifications. Should only be used by Executor implementations and unit tests. If the future has been cancelled (cancel() was called and returned True) then any threads waiting on the future completing (though calls to as_completed() or wait()) are notified and False is returned. If the future was not cancelled then it is put in the running state (future calls to running() will return True) and True is returned. This method should be called by Executor implementations before executing the work associated with this future. If this method returns False then the work should not be executed. Returns: False if the Future was cancelled, True otherwise. Raises: RuntimeError: if this method was already called or if set_result() or set_exception() was called. """ with self._condition: if self._state == CANCELLED: self._state = CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED for waiter in self._waiters: waiter.add_cancelled(self) # self._condition.notify_all() is not necessary because # self.cancel() triggers a notification. return False elif self._state == PENDING: self._state = RUNNING return True else: LOGGER.critical('Future %s in unexpected state: %s', id(self), self._state) raise RuntimeError('Future in unexpected state') def set_result(self, result): """Sets the return value of work associated with the future. Should only be used by Executor implementations and unit tests. """ with self._condition: if self._state in {CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED, FINISHED}: raise InvalidStateError('{}: {!r}'.format(self._state, self)) self._result = result self._state = FINISHED for waiter in self._waiters: waiter.add_result(self) self._condition.notify_all() self._invoke_callbacks() def set_exception(self, exception): """Sets the result of the future as being the given exception. Should only be used by Executor implementations and unit tests. """ with self._condition: if self._state in {CANCELLED, CANCELLED_AND_NOTIFIED, FINISHED}: raise InvalidStateError('{}: {!r}'.format(self._state, self)) self._exception = exception self._state = FINISHED for waiter in self._waiters: waiter.add_exception(self) self._condition.notify_all() self._invoke_callbacks() __class_getitem__ = classmethod(types.GenericAlias) class Executor(object): """This is an abstract base class for concrete asynchronous executors.""" def submit(self, fn, /, args, kwargs): """Submits a callable to be executed with the given arguments. Schedules the callable to be executed as fn(args, *kwargs) and returns a Future instance representing the execution of the callable. Returns: A Future representing the given call. """ raise NotImplementedError() def map(self, fn, iterables, timeout=None, chunksize=1): """Returns an iterator equivalent to map(fn, iter). Args: fn: A callable that will take as many arguments as there are passed iterables. timeout: The maximum number of seconds to wait. If None, then there is no limit on the wait time. chunksize: The size of the chunks the iterable will be broken into before being passed to a child process. This argument is only used by ProcessPoolExecutor; it is ignored by ThreadPoolExecutor. Returns: An iterator equivalent to: map(func, iterables) but the calls may be evaluated out-of-order. Raises: TimeoutError: If the entire result iterator could not be generated before the given timeout. Exception: If fn(args) raises for any values. """ if timeout is not None: end_time = timeout + time.monotonic() fs = [self.submit(fn, args) for args in zip(iterables)] # Yield must be hidden in closure so that the futures are submitted # before the first iterator value is required. def result_iterator(): try: # reverse to keep finishing order fs.reverse() while fs: # Careful not to keep a reference to the popped future if timeout is None: yield _result_or_cancel(fs.pop()) else: yield _result_or_cancel(fs.pop(), end_time - time.monotonic()) finally: for future in fs: future.cancel() return result_iterator() def shutdown(self, wait=True, *, cancel_futures=False): """Clean-up the resources associated with the Executor. It is safe to call this method several times. Otherwise, no other methods can be called after this one. Args: wait: If True then shutdown will not return until all running futures have finished executing and the resources used by the executor have been reclaimed. cancel_futures: If True then shutdown will cancel all pending futures. Futures that are completed or running will not be cancelled. """ pass def __enter__(self): return self def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_val, exc_tb): self.shutdown(wait=True) return False class BrokenExecutor(RuntimeError): """ Raised when a executor has become non-functional after a severe failure. """	22.3 KB	2025-10-09 16:16
📄 process.py # Copyright 2009 Brian Quinlan. All Rights Reserved. # Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement. """Implements ProcessPoolExecutor. The following diagram and text describe the data-flow through the system: \|======================= In-process =====================\|== Out-of-process ==\| +----------+ +----------+ +--------+ +-----------+ +---------+ \| \| => \| Work Ids \| \| \| \| Call Q \| \| Process \| \| \| +----------+ \| \| +-----------+ \| Pool \| \| \| \| ... \| \| \| \| ... \| +---------+ \| \| \| 6 \| => \| \| => \| 5, call() \| => \| \| \| \| \| 7 \| \| \| \| ... \| \| \| \| Process \| \| ... \| \| Local \| +-----------+ \| Process \| \| Pool \| +----------+ \| Worker \| \| #1..n \| \| Executor \| \| Thread \| \| \| \| \| +----------- + \| \| +-----------+ \| \| \| \| <=> \| Work Items \| <=> \| \| <= \| Result Q \| <= \| \| \| \| +------------+ \| \| +-----------+ \| \| \| \| \| 6: call() \| \| \| \| ... \| \| \| \| \| \| future \| \| \| \| 4, result \| \| \| \| \| \| ... \| \| \| \| 3, except \| \| \| +----------+ +------------+ +--------+ +-----------+ +---------+ Executor.submit() called: - creates a uniquely numbered _WorkItem and adds it to the "Work Items" dict - adds the id of the _WorkItem to the "Work Ids" queue Local worker thread: - reads work ids from the "Work Ids" queue and looks up the corresponding WorkItem from the "Work Items" dict: if the work item has been cancelled then it is simply removed from the dict, otherwise it is repackaged as a _CallItem and put in the "Call Q". New _CallItems are put in the "Call Q" until "Call Q" is full. NOTE: the size of the "Call Q" is kept small because calls placed in the "Call Q" can no longer be cancelled with Future.cancel(). - reads _ResultItems from "Result Q", updates the future stored in the "Work Items" dict and deletes the dict entry Process #1..n: - reads _CallItems from "Call Q", executes the calls, and puts the resulting _ResultItems in "Result Q" """ __author__ = 'Brian Quinlan (brian@sweetapp.com)' import os from concurrent.futures import _base import queue import multiprocessing as mp import multiprocessing.connection from multiprocessing.queues import Queue import threading import weakref from functools import partial import itertools import sys from traceback import format_exception _threads_wakeups = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary() _global_shutdown = False class _ThreadWakeup: def __init__(self): self._closed = False self._reader, self._writer = mp.Pipe(duplex=False) def close(self): # Please note that we do not take the shutdown lock when # calling clear() (to avoid deadlocking) so this method can # only be called safely from the same thread as all calls to # clear() even if you hold the shutdown lock. Otherwise we # might try to read from the closed pipe. if not self._closed: self._closed = True self._writer.close() self._reader.close() def wakeup(self): if not self._closed: self._writer.send_bytes(b"") def clear(self): if not self._closed: while self._reader.poll(): self._reader.recv_bytes() def _python_exit(): global _global_shutdown _global_shutdown = True items = list(_threads_wakeups.items()) for _, thread_wakeup in items: # call not protected by ProcessPoolExecutor._shutdown_lock thread_wakeup.wakeup() for t, _ in items: t.join() # Register for `_python_exit()` to be called just before joining all # non-daemon threads. This is used instead of `atexit.register()` for # compatibility with subinterpreters, which no longer support daemon threads. # See bpo-39812 for context. threading._register_atexit(_python_exit) # Controls how many more calls than processes will be queued in the call queue. # A smaller number will mean that processes spend more time idle waiting for # work while a larger number will make Future.cancel() succeed less frequently # (Futures in the call queue cannot be cancelled). EXTRA_QUEUED_CALLS = 1 # On Windows, WaitForMultipleObjects is used to wait for processes to finish. # It can wait on, at most, 63 objects. There is an overhead of two objects: # - the result queue reader # - the thread wakeup reader _MAX_WINDOWS_WORKERS = 63 - 2 # Hack to embed stringification of remote traceback in local traceback class _RemoteTraceback(Exception): def __init__(self, tb): self.tb = tb def __str__(self): return self.tb class _ExceptionWithTraceback: def __init__(self, exc, tb): tb = ''.join(format_exception(type(exc), exc, tb)) self.exc = exc # Traceback object needs to be garbage-collected as its frames # contain references to all the objects in the exception scope self.exc.__traceback__ = None self.tb = '\n"""\n%s"""' % tb def __reduce__(self): return _rebuild_exc, (self.exc, self.tb) def _rebuild_exc(exc, tb): exc.__cause__ = _RemoteTraceback(tb) return exc class _WorkItem(object): def __init__(self, future, fn, args, kwargs): self.future = future self.fn = fn self.args = args self.kwargs = kwargs class _ResultItem(object): def __init__(self, work_id, exception=None, result=None, exit_pid=None): self.work_id = work_id self.exception = exception self.result = result self.exit_pid = exit_pid class _CallItem(object): def __init__(self, work_id, fn, args, kwargs): self.work_id = work_id self.fn = fn self.args = args self.kwargs = kwargs class _SafeQueue(Queue): """Safe Queue set exception to the future object linked to a job""" def __init__(self, max_size=0, , ctx, pending_work_items, shutdown_lock, thread_wakeup): self.pending_work_items = pending_work_items self.shutdown_lock = shutdown_lock self.thread_wakeup = thread_wakeup super().__init__(max_size, ctx=ctx) def _on_queue_feeder_error(self, e, obj): if isinstance(obj, _CallItem): tb = format_exception(type(e), e, e.__traceback__) e.__cause__ = _RemoteTraceback('\n"""\n{}"""'.format(''.join(tb))) work_item = self.pending_work_items.pop(obj.work_id, None) with self.shutdown_lock: self.thread_wakeup.wakeup() # work_item can be None if another process terminated. In this # case, the executor_manager_thread fails all work_items # with BrokenProcessPool if work_item is not None: work_item.future.set_exception(e) else: super()._on_queue_feeder_error(e, obj) def _get_chunks(iterables, chunksize): """ Iterates over zip()ed iterables in chunks. """ it = zip(iterables) while True: chunk = tuple(itertools.islice(it, chunksize)) if not chunk: return yield chunk def _process_chunk(fn, chunk): """ Processes a chunk of an iterable passed to map. Runs the function passed to map() on a chunk of the iterable passed to map. This function is run in a separate process. """ return [fn(args) for args in chunk] def _sendback_result(result_queue, work_id, result=None, exception=None, exit_pid=None): """Safely send back the given result or exception""" try: result_queue.put(_ResultItem(work_id, result=result, exception=exception, exit_pid=exit_pid)) except BaseException as e: exc = _ExceptionWithTraceback(e, e.__traceback__) result_queue.put(_ResultItem(work_id, exception=exc, exit_pid=exit_pid)) def _process_worker(call_queue, result_queue, initializer, initargs, max_tasks=None): """Evaluates calls from call_queue and places the results in result_queue. This worker is run in a separate process. Args: call_queue: A ctx.Queue of _CallItems that will be read and evaluated by the worker. result_queue: A ctx.Queue of _ResultItems that will written to by the worker. initializer: A callable initializer, or None initargs: A tuple of args for the initializer """ if initializer is not None: try: initializer(initargs) except BaseException: _base.LOGGER.critical('Exception in initializer:', exc_info=True) # The parent will notice that the process stopped and # mark the pool broken return num_tasks = 0 exit_pid = None while True: call_item = call_queue.get(block=True) if call_item is None: # Wake up queue management thread result_queue.put(os.getpid()) return if max_tasks is not None: num_tasks += 1 if num_tasks >= max_tasks: exit_pid = os.getpid() try: r = call_item.fn(call_item.args, *call_item.kwargs) except BaseException as e: exc = _ExceptionWithTraceback(e, e.__traceback__) _sendback_result(result_queue, call_item.work_id, exception=exc, exit_pid=exit_pid) else: _sendback_result(result_queue, call_item.work_id, result=r, exit_pid=exit_pid) del r # Liberate the resource as soon as possible, to avoid holding onto # open files or shared memory that is not needed anymore del call_item if exit_pid is not None: return class _ExecutorManagerThread(threading.Thread): """Manages the communication between this process and the worker processes. The manager is run in a local thread. Args: executor: A reference to the ProcessPoolExecutor that owns this thread. A weakref will be own by the manager as well as references to internal objects used to introspect the state of the executor. """ def __init__(self, executor): # Store references to necessary internals of the executor. # A _ThreadWakeup to allow waking up the queue_manager_thread from the # main Thread and avoid deadlocks caused by permanently locked queues. self.thread_wakeup = executor._executor_manager_thread_wakeup self.shutdown_lock = executor._shutdown_lock # A weakref.ref to the ProcessPoolExecutor that owns this thread. Used # to determine if the ProcessPoolExecutor has been garbage collected # and that the manager can exit. # When the executor gets garbage collected, the weakref callback # will wake up the queue management thread so that it can terminate # if there is no pending work item. def weakref_cb(_, thread_wakeup=self.thread_wakeup, shutdown_lock=self.shutdown_lock): mp.util.debug('Executor collected: triggering callback for' ' QueueManager wakeup') with shutdown_lock: thread_wakeup.wakeup() self.executor_reference = weakref.ref(executor, weakref_cb) # A list of the ctx.Process instances used as workers. self.processes = executor._processes # A ctx.Queue that will be filled with _CallItems derived from # _WorkItems for processing by the process workers. self.call_queue = executor._call_queue # A ctx.SimpleQueue of _ResultItems generated by the process workers. self.result_queue = executor._result_queue # A queue.Queue of work ids e.g. Queue([5, 6, ...]). self.work_ids_queue = executor._work_ids # Maximum number of tasks a worker process can execute before # exiting safely self.max_tasks_per_child = executor._max_tasks_per_child # A dict mapping work ids to _WorkItems e.g. # {5: <_WorkItem...>, 6: <_WorkItem...>, ...} self.pending_work_items = executor._pending_work_items super().__init__() def run(self): # Main loop for the executor manager thread. while True: self.add_call_item_to_queue() result_item, is_broken, cause = self.wait_result_broken_or_wakeup() if is_broken: self.terminate_broken(cause) return if result_item is not None: self.process_result_item(result_item) process_exited = result_item.exit_pid is not None if process_exited: p = self.processes.pop(result_item.exit_pid) p.join() # Delete reference to result_item to avoid keeping references # while waiting on new results. del result_item if executor := self.executor_reference(): if process_exited: with self.shutdown_lock: executor._adjust_process_count() else: executor._idle_worker_semaphore.release() del executor if self.is_shutting_down(): self.flag_executor_shutting_down() # When only canceled futures remain in pending_work_items, our # next call to wait_result_broken_or_wakeup would hang forever. # This makes sure we have some running futures or none at all. self.add_call_item_to_queue() # Since no new work items can be added, it is safe to shutdown # this thread if there are no pending work items. if not self.pending_work_items: self.join_executor_internals() return def add_call_item_to_queue(self): # Fills call_queue with _WorkItems from pending_work_items. # This function never blocks. while True: if self.call_queue.full(): return try: work_id = self.work_ids_queue.get(block=False) except queue.Empty: return else: work_item = self.pending_work_items[work_id] if work_item.future.set_running_or_notify_cancel(): self.call_queue.put(_CallItem(work_id, work_item.fn, work_item.args, work_item.kwargs), block=True) else: del self.pending_work_items[work_id] continue def wait_result_broken_or_wakeup(self): # Wait for a result to be ready in the result_queue while checking # that all worker processes are still running, or for a wake up # signal send. The wake up signals come either from new tasks being # submitted, from the executor being shutdown/gc-ed, or from the # shutdown of the python interpreter. result_reader = self.result_queue._reader assert not self.thread_wakeup._closed wakeup_reader = self.thread_wakeup._reader readers = [result_reader, wakeup_reader] worker_sentinels = [p.sentinel for p in list(self.processes.values())] ready = mp.connection.wait(readers + worker_sentinels) cause = None is_broken = True result_item = None if result_reader in ready: try: result_item = result_reader.recv() is_broken = False except BaseException as e: cause = format_exception(type(e), e, e.__traceback__) elif wakeup_reader in ready: is_broken = False # No need to hold the _shutdown_lock here because: # 1. we're the only thread to use the wakeup reader # 2. we're also the only thread to call thread_wakeup.close() # 3. we want to avoid a possible deadlock when both reader and writer # would block (gh-105829) self.thread_wakeup.clear() return result_item, is_broken, cause def process_result_item(self, result_item): # Process the received a result_item. This can be either the PID of a # worker that exited gracefully or a _ResultItem if isinstance(result_item, int): # Clean shutdown of a worker using its PID # (avoids marking the executor broken) assert self.is_shutting_down() p = self.processes.pop(result_item) p.join() if not self.processes: self.join_executor_internals() return else: # Received a _ResultItem so mark the future as completed. work_item = self.pending_work_items.pop(result_item.work_id, None) # work_item can be None if another process terminated (see above) if work_item is not None: if result_item.exception: work_item.future.set_exception(result_item.exception) else: work_item.future.set_result(result_item.result) def is_shutting_down(self): # Check whether we should start shutting down the executor. executor = self.executor_reference() # No more work items can be added if: # - The interpreter is shutting down OR # - The executor that owns this worker has been collected OR # - The executor that owns this worker has been shutdown. return (_global_shutdown or executor is None or executor._shutdown_thread) def terminate_broken(self, cause): # Terminate the executor because it is in a broken state. The cause # argument can be used to display more information on the error that # lead the executor into becoming broken. # Mark the process pool broken so that submits fail right now. executor = self.executor_reference() if executor is not None: executor._broken = ('A child process terminated ' 'abruptly, the process pool is not ' 'usable anymore') executor._shutdown_thread = True executor = None # All pending tasks are to be marked failed with the following # BrokenProcessPool error bpe = BrokenProcessPool("A process in the process pool was " "terminated abruptly while the future was " "running or pending.") if cause is not None: bpe.__cause__ = _RemoteTraceback( f"\n'''\n{''.join(cause)}'''") # Mark pending tasks as failed. for work_id, work_item in self.pending_work_items.items(): work_item.future.set_exception(bpe) # Delete references to object. See issue16284 del work_item self.pending_work_items.clear() # Terminate remaining workers forcibly: the queues or their # locks may be in a dirty state and block forever. for p in self.processes.values(): p.terminate() # Prevent queue writing to a pipe which is no longer read. # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/94777 self.call_queue._reader.close() # gh-107219: Close the connection writer which can unblock # Queue._feed() if it was stuck in send_bytes(). if sys.platform == 'win32': self.call_queue._writer.close() # clean up resources self.join_executor_internals() def flag_executor_shutting_down(self): # Flag the executor as shutting down and cancel remaining tasks if # requested as early as possible if it is not gc-ed yet. executor = self.executor_reference() if executor is not None: executor._shutdown_thread = True # Cancel pending work items if requested. if executor._cancel_pending_futures: # Cancel all pending futures and update pending_work_items # to only have futures that are currently running. new_pending_work_items = {} for work_id, work_item in self.pending_work_items.items(): if not work_item.future.cancel(): new_pending_work_items[work_id] = work_item self.pending_work_items = new_pending_work_items # Drain work_ids_queue since we no longer need to # add items to the call queue. while True: try: self.work_ids_queue.get_nowait() except queue.Empty: break # Make sure we do this only once to not waste time looping # on running processes over and over. executor._cancel_pending_futures = False def shutdown_workers(self): n_children_to_stop = self.get_n_children_alive() n_sentinels_sent = 0 # Send the right number of sentinels, to make sure all children are # properly terminated. while (n_sentinels_sent < n_children_to_stop and self.get_n_children_alive() > 0): for i in range(n_children_to_stop - n_sentinels_sent): try: self.call_queue.put_nowait(None) n_sentinels_sent += 1 except queue.Full: break def join_executor_internals(self): self.shutdown_workers() # Release the queue's resources as soon as possible. self.call_queue.close() self.call_queue.join_thread() with self.shutdown_lock: self.thread_wakeup.close() # If .join() is not called on the created processes then # some ctx.Queue methods may deadlock on Mac OS X. for p in self.processes.values(): p.join() def get_n_children_alive(self): # This is an upper bound on the number of children alive. return sum(p.is_alive() for p in self.processes.values()) _system_limits_checked = False _system_limited = None def _check_system_limits(): global _system_limits_checked, _system_limited if _system_limits_checked: if _system_limited: raise NotImplementedError(_system_limited) _system_limits_checked = True try: import multiprocessing.synchronize except ImportError: _system_limited = ( "This Python build lacks multiprocessing.synchronize, usually due " "to named semaphores being unavailable on this platform." ) raise NotImplementedError(_system_limited) try: nsems_max = os.sysconf("SC_SEM_NSEMS_MAX") except (AttributeError, ValueError): # sysconf not available or setting not available return if nsems_max == -1: # indetermined limit, assume that limit is determined # by available memory only return if nsems_max >= 256: # minimum number of semaphores available # according to POSIX return _system_limited = ("system provides too few semaphores (%d" " available, 256 necessary)" % nsems_max) raise NotImplementedError(_system_limited) def _chain_from_iterable_of_lists(iterable): """ Specialized implementation of itertools.chain.from_iterable. Each item in iterable* should be a list. This function is careful not to keep references to yielded objects. """ for element in iterable: element.reverse() while element: yield element.pop() class BrokenProcessPool(_base.BrokenExecutor): """ Raised when a process in a ProcessPoolExecutor terminated abruptly while a future was in the running state. """ class ProcessPoolExecutor(_base.Executor): def __init__(self, max_workers=None, mp_context=None, initializer=None, initargs=(), , max_tasks_per_child=None): """Initializes a new ProcessPoolExecutor instance. Args: max_workers: The maximum number of processes that can be used to execute the given calls. If None or not given then as many worker processes will be created as the machine has processors. mp_context: A multiprocessing context to launch the workers. This object should provide SimpleQueue, Queue and Process. Useful to allow specific multiprocessing start methods. initializer: A callable used to initialize worker processes. initargs: A tuple of arguments to pass to the initializer. max_tasks_per_child: The maximum number of tasks a worker process can complete before it will exit and be replaced with a fresh worker process. The default of None means worker process will live as long as the executor. Requires a non-'fork' mp_context start method. When given, we default to using 'spawn' if no mp_context is supplied. """ _check_system_limits() if max_workers is None: self._max_workers = os.cpu_count() or 1 if sys.platform == 'win32': self._max_workers = min(_MAX_WINDOWS_WORKERS, self._max_workers) else: if max_workers <= 0: raise ValueError("max_workers must be greater than 0") elif (sys.platform == 'win32' and max_workers > _MAX_WINDOWS_WORKERS): raise ValueError( f"max_workers must be <= {_MAX_WINDOWS_WORKERS}") self._max_workers = max_workers if mp_context is None: if max_tasks_per_child is not None: mp_context = mp.get_context("spawn") else: mp_context = mp.get_context() self._mp_context = mp_context # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/90622 self._safe_to_dynamically_spawn_children = ( self._mp_context.get_start_method(allow_none=False) != "fork") if initializer is not None and not callable(initializer): raise TypeError("initializer must be a callable") self._initializer = initializer self._initargs = initargs if max_tasks_per_child is not None: if not isinstance(max_tasks_per_child, int): raise TypeError("max_tasks_per_child must be an integer") elif max_tasks_per_child <= 0: raise ValueError("max_tasks_per_child must be >= 1") if self._mp_context.get_start_method(allow_none=False) == "fork": # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/90622 raise ValueError("max_tasks_per_child is incompatible with" " the 'fork' multiprocessing start method;" " supply a different mp_context.") self._max_tasks_per_child = max_tasks_per_child # Management thread self._executor_manager_thread = None # Map of pids to processes self._processes = {} # Shutdown is a two-step process. self._shutdown_thread = False self._shutdown_lock = threading.Lock() self._idle_worker_semaphore = threading.Semaphore(0) self._broken = False self._queue_count = 0 self._pending_work_items = {} self._cancel_pending_futures = False # _ThreadWakeup is a communication channel used to interrupt the wait # of the main loop of executor_manager_thread from another thread (e.g. # when calling executor.submit or executor.shutdown). We do not use the # _result_queue to send wakeup signals to the executor_manager_thread # as it could result in a deadlock if a worker process dies with the # _result_queue write lock still acquired. # # _shutdown_lock must be locked to access _ThreadWakeup.close() and # .wakeup(). Care must also be taken to not call clear or close from # more than one thread since _ThreadWakeup.clear() is not protected by # the _shutdown_lock self._executor_manager_thread_wakeup = _ThreadWakeup() # Create communication channels for the executor # Make the call queue slightly larger than the number of processes to # prevent the worker processes from idling. But don't make it too big # because futures in the call queue cannot be cancelled. queue_size = self._max_workers + EXTRA_QUEUED_CALLS self._call_queue = _SafeQueue( max_size=queue_size, ctx=self._mp_context, pending_work_items=self._pending_work_items, shutdown_lock=self._shutdown_lock, thread_wakeup=self._executor_manager_thread_wakeup) # Killed worker processes can produce spurious "broken pipe" # tracebacks in the queue's own worker thread. But we detect killed # processes anyway, so silence the tracebacks. self._call_queue._ignore_epipe = True self._result_queue = mp_context.SimpleQueue() self._work_ids = queue.Queue() def _start_executor_manager_thread(self): if self._executor_manager_thread is None: # Start the processes so that their sentinels are known. if not self._safe_to_dynamically_spawn_children: # ie, using fork. self._launch_processes() self._executor_manager_thread = _ExecutorManagerThread(self) self._executor_manager_thread.start() _threads_wakeups[self._executor_manager_thread] = \ self._executor_manager_thread_wakeup def _adjust_process_count(self): # if there's an idle process, we don't need to spawn a new one. if self._idle_worker_semaphore.acquire(blocking=False): return process_count = len(self._processes) if process_count < self._max_workers: # Assertion disabled as this codepath is also used to replace a # worker that unexpectedly dies, even when using the 'fork' start # method. That means there is still a potential deadlock bug. If a # 'fork' mp_context worker dies, we'll be forking a new one when # we know a thread is running (self._executor_manager_thread). #assert self._safe_to_dynamically_spawn_children or not self._executor_manager_thread, 'https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/90622' self._spawn_process() def _launch_processes(self): # https://github.com/python/cpython/issues/90622 assert not self._executor_manager_thread, ( 'Processes cannot be fork()ed after the thread has started, ' 'deadlock in the child processes could result.') for _ in range(len(self._processes), self._max_workers): self._spawn_process() def _spawn_process(self): p = self._mp_context.Process( target=_process_worker, args=(self._call_queue, self._result_queue, self._initializer, self._initargs, self._max_tasks_per_child)) p.start() self._processes[p.pid] = p def submit(self, fn, /, args, *kwargs): with self._shutdown_lock: if self._broken: raise BrokenProcessPool(self._broken) if self._shutdown_thread: raise RuntimeError('cannot schedule new futures after shutdown') if _global_shutdown: raise RuntimeError('cannot schedule new futures after ' 'interpreter shutdown') f = _base.Future() w = _WorkItem(f, fn, args, kwargs) self._pending_work_items[self._queue_count] = w self._work_ids.put(self._queue_count) self._queue_count += 1 # Wake up queue management thread self._executor_manager_thread_wakeup.wakeup() if self._safe_to_dynamically_spawn_children: self._adjust_process_count() self._start_executor_manager_thread() return f submit.__doc__ = _base.Executor.submit.__doc__ def map(self, fn, iterables, timeout=None, chunksize=1): """Returns an iterator equivalent to map(fn, iter). Args: fn: A callable that will take as many arguments as there are passed iterables. timeout: The maximum number of seconds to wait. If None, then there is no limit on the wait time. chunksize: If greater than one, the iterables will be chopped into chunks of size chunksize and submitted to the process pool. If set to one, the items in the list will be sent one at a time. Returns: An iterator equivalent to: map(func, iterables) but the calls may be evaluated out-of-order. Raises: TimeoutError: If the entire result iterator could not be generated before the given timeout. Exception: If fn(args) raises for any values. """ if chunksize < 1: raise ValueError("chunksize must be >= 1.") results = super().map(partial(_process_chunk, fn), _get_chunks(iterables, chunksize=chunksize), timeout=timeout) return _chain_from_iterable_of_lists(results) def shutdown(self, wait=True, , cancel_futures=False): with self._shutdown_lock: self._cancel_pending_futures = cancel_futures self._shutdown_thread = True if self._executor_manager_thread_wakeup is not None: # Wake up queue management thread self._executor_manager_thread_wakeup.wakeup() if self._executor_manager_thread is not None and wait: self._executor_manager_thread.join() # To reduce the risk of opening too many files, remove references to # objects that use file descriptors. self._executor_manager_thread = None self._call_queue = None if self._result_queue is not None and wait: self._result_queue.close() self._result_queue = None self._processes = None self._executor_manager_thread_wakeup = None shutdown.__doc__ = _base.Executor.shutdown.__doc__	34.65 KB	2025-10-09 16:16
📄 thread.py # Copyright 2009 Brian Quinlan. All Rights Reserved. # Licensed to PSF under a Contributor Agreement. """Implements ThreadPoolExecutor.""" __author__ = 'Brian Quinlan (brian@sweetapp.com)' from concurrent.futures import _base import itertools import queue import threading import types import weakref import os _threads_queues = weakref.WeakKeyDictionary() _shutdown = False # Lock that ensures that new workers are not created while the interpreter is # shutting down. Must be held while mutating _threads_queues and _shutdown. _global_shutdown_lock = threading.Lock() def _python_exit(): global _shutdown with _global_shutdown_lock: _shutdown = True items = list(_threads_queues.items()) for t, q in items: q.put(None) for t, q in items: t.join() # Register for `_python_exit()` to be called just before joining all # non-daemon threads. This is used instead of `atexit.register()` for # compatibility with subinterpreters, which no longer support daemon threads. # See bpo-39812 for context. threading._register_atexit(_python_exit) # At fork, reinitialize the `_global_shutdown_lock` lock in the child process if hasattr(os, 'register_at_fork'): os.register_at_fork(before=_global_shutdown_lock.acquire, after_in_child=_global_shutdown_lock._at_fork_reinit, after_in_parent=_global_shutdown_lock.release) class _WorkItem(object): def __init__(self, future, fn, args, kwargs): self.future = future self.fn = fn self.args = args self.kwargs = kwargs def run(self): if not self.future.set_running_or_notify_cancel(): return try: result = self.fn(self.args, self.kwargs) except BaseException as exc: self.future.set_exception(exc) # Break a reference cycle with the exception 'exc' self = None else: self.future.set_result(result) __class_getitem__ = classmethod(types.GenericAlias) def _worker(executor_reference, work_queue, initializer, initargs): if initializer is not None: try: initializer(initargs) except BaseException: _base.LOGGER.critical('Exception in initializer:', exc_info=True) executor = executor_reference() if executor is not None: executor._initializer_failed() return try: while True: work_item = work_queue.get(block=True) if work_item is not None: work_item.run() # Delete references to object. See issue16284 del work_item # attempt to increment idle count executor = executor_reference() if executor is not None: executor._idle_semaphore.release() del executor continue executor = executor_reference() # Exit if: # - The interpreter is shutting down OR # - The executor that owns the worker has been collected OR # - The executor that owns the worker has been shutdown. if _shutdown or executor is None or executor._shutdown: # Flag the executor as shutting down as early as possible if it # is not gc-ed yet. if executor is not None: executor._shutdown = True # Notice other workers work_queue.put(None) return del executor except BaseException: _base.LOGGER.critical('Exception in worker', exc_info=True) class BrokenThreadPool(_base.BrokenExecutor): """ Raised when a worker thread in a ThreadPoolExecutor failed initializing. """ class ThreadPoolExecutor(_base.Executor): # Used to assign unique thread names when thread_name_prefix is not supplied. _counter = itertools.count().__next__ def __init__(self, max_workers=None, thread_name_prefix='', initializer=None, initargs=()): """Initializes a new ThreadPoolExecutor instance. Args: max_workers: The maximum number of threads that can be used to execute the given calls. thread_name_prefix: An optional name prefix to give our threads. initializer: A callable used to initialize worker threads. initargs: A tuple of arguments to pass to the initializer. """ if max_workers is None: # ThreadPoolExecutor is often used to: # * CPU bound task which releases GIL # * I/O bound task (which releases GIL, of course) # # We use cpu_count + 4 for both types of tasks. # But we limit it to 32 to avoid consuming surprisingly large resource # on many core machine. max_workers = min(32, (os.cpu_count() or 1) + 4) if max_workers <= 0: raise ValueError("max_workers must be greater than 0") if initializer is not None and not callable(initializer): raise TypeError("initializer must be a callable") self._max_workers = max_workers self._work_queue = queue.SimpleQueue() self._idle_semaphore = threading.Semaphore(0) self._threads = set() self._broken = False self._shutdown = False self._shutdown_lock = threading.Lock() self._thread_name_prefix = (thread_name_prefix or ("ThreadPoolExecutor-%d" % self._counter())) self._initializer = initializer self._initargs = initargs def submit(self, fn, /, args, kwargs): with self._shutdown_lock, _global_shutdown_lock: if self._broken: raise BrokenThreadPool(self._broken) if self._shutdown: raise RuntimeError('cannot schedule new futures after shutdown') if _shutdown: raise RuntimeError('cannot schedule new futures after ' 'interpreter shutdown') f = _base.Future() w = _WorkItem(f, fn, args, kwargs) self._work_queue.put(w) self._adjust_thread_count() return f submit.__doc__ = _base.Executor.submit.__doc__ def _adjust_thread_count(self): # if idle threads are available, don't spin new threads if self._idle_semaphore.acquire(timeout=0): return # When the executor gets lost, the weakref callback will wake up # the worker threads. def weakref_cb(_, q=self._work_queue): q.put(None) num_threads = len(self._threads) if num_threads < self._max_workers: thread_name = '%s_%d' % (self._thread_name_prefix or self, num_threads) t = threading.Thread(name=thread_name, target=_worker, args=(weakref.ref(self, weakref_cb), self._work_queue, self._initializer, self._initargs)) t.start() self._threads.add(t) _threads_queues[t] = self._work_queue def _initializer_failed(self): with self._shutdown_lock: self._broken = ('A thread initializer failed, the thread pool ' 'is not usable anymore') # Drain work queue and mark pending futures failed while True: try: work_item = self._work_queue.get_nowait() except queue.Empty: break if work_item is not None: work_item.future.set_exception(BrokenThreadPool(self._broken)) def shutdown(self, wait=True, , cancel_futures=False): with self._shutdown_lock: self._shutdown = True if cancel_futures: # Drain all work items from the queue, and then cancel their # associated futures. while True: try: work_item = self._work_queue.get_nowait() except queue.Empty: break if work_item is not None: work_item.future.cancel() # Send a wake-up to prevent threads calling # _work_queue.get(block=True) from permanently blocking. self._work_queue.put(None) if wait: for t in self._threads: t.join() shutdown.__doc__ = _base.Executor.shutdown.__doc__	8.57 KB	2025-10-09 16:16

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