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📄 __init__.py """ PyMySQL: A pure-Python MySQL client library. Copyright (c) 2010-2016 PyMySQL contributors Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions: The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software. THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE. """ import sys from .constants import FIELD_TYPE from .err import ( Warning, Error, InterfaceError, DataError, DatabaseError, OperationalError, IntegrityError, InternalError, NotSupportedError, ProgrammingError, MySQLError, ) from .times import ( Date, Time, Timestamp, DateFromTicks, TimeFromTicks, TimestampFromTicks, ) # PyMySQL version. # Used by setuptools and connection_attrs VERSION = (1, 1, 1, "final", 1) VERSION_STRING = "1.1.1" ### for mysqlclient compatibility ### Django checks mysqlclient version. version_info = (1, 4, 6, "final", 1) __version__ = "1.4.6" def get_client_info(): # for MySQLdb compatibility return __version__ def install_as_MySQLdb(): """ After this function is called, any application that imports MySQLdb will unwittingly actually use pymysql. """ sys.modules["MySQLdb"] = sys.modules["pymysql"] # end of mysqlclient compatibility code threadsafety = 1 apilevel = "2.0" paramstyle = "pyformat" from . import connections # noqa: E402 class DBAPISet(frozenset): def __ne__(self, other): if isinstance(other, set): return frozenset.__ne__(self, other) else: return other not in self def __eq__(self, other): if isinstance(other, frozenset): return frozenset.__eq__(self, other) else: return other in self def __hash__(self): return frozenset.__hash__(self) STRING = DBAPISet([FIELD_TYPE.ENUM, FIELD_TYPE.STRING, FIELD_TYPE.VAR_STRING]) BINARY = DBAPISet( [ FIELD_TYPE.BLOB, FIELD_TYPE.LONG_BLOB, FIELD_TYPE.MEDIUM_BLOB, FIELD_TYPE.TINY_BLOB, ] ) NUMBER = DBAPISet( [ FIELD_TYPE.DECIMAL, FIELD_TYPE.DOUBLE, FIELD_TYPE.FLOAT, FIELD_TYPE.INT24, FIELD_TYPE.LONG, FIELD_TYPE.LONGLONG, FIELD_TYPE.TINY, FIELD_TYPE.YEAR, ] ) DATE = DBAPISet([FIELD_TYPE.DATE, FIELD_TYPE.NEWDATE]) TIME = DBAPISet([FIELD_TYPE.TIME]) TIMESTAMP = DBAPISet([FIELD_TYPE.TIMESTAMP, FIELD_TYPE.DATETIME]) DATETIME = TIMESTAMP ROWID = DBAPISet() def Binary(x): """Return x as a binary type.""" return bytes(x) def thread_safe(): return True # match MySQLdb.thread_safe() Connect = connect = Connection = connections.Connection NULL = "NULL" __all__ = [ "BINARY", "Binary", "Connect", "Connection", "DATE", "Date", "Time", "Timestamp", "DateFromTicks", "TimeFromTicks", "TimestampFromTicks", "DataError", "DatabaseError", "Error", "FIELD_TYPE", "IntegrityError", "InterfaceError", "InternalError", "MySQLError", "NULL", "NUMBER", "NotSupportedError", "DBAPISet", "OperationalError", "ProgrammingError", "ROWID", "STRING", "TIME", "TIMESTAMP", "Warning", "apilevel", "connect", "connections", "constants", "converters", "cursors", "get_client_info", "paramstyle", "threadsafety", "version_info", "install_as_MySQLdb", "__version__", ]	4.17 KB	2025-05-25 12:26
📁 __pycache__	-	2025-05-25 12:26
📄 _auth.py """ Implements auth methods """ from .err import OperationalError try: from cryptography.hazmat.backends import default_backend from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import serialization, hashes from cryptography.hazmat.primitives.asymmetric import padding _have_cryptography = True except ImportError: _have_cryptography = False from functools import partial import hashlib DEBUG = False SCRAMBLE_LENGTH = 20 sha1_new = partial(hashlib.new, "sha1") # mysql_native_password # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/secure-password-authentication.html#packet-Authentication::Native41 def scramble_native_password(password, message): """Scramble used for mysql_native_password""" if not password: return b"" stage1 = sha1_new(password).digest() stage2 = sha1_new(stage1).digest() s = sha1_new() s.update(message[:SCRAMBLE_LENGTH]) s.update(stage2) result = s.digest() return _my_crypt(result, stage1) def _my_crypt(message1, message2): result = bytearray(message1) for i in range(len(result)): result[i] ^= message2[i] return bytes(result) # MariaDB's client_ed25519-plugin # https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/connection/#client_ed25519-plugin _nacl_bindings = False def _init_nacl(): global _nacl_bindings try: from nacl import bindings _nacl_bindings = bindings except ImportError: raise RuntimeError( "'pynacl' package is required for ed25519_password auth method" ) def _scalar_clamp(s32): ba = bytearray(s32) ba0 = bytes(bytearray([ba[0] & 248])) ba31 = bytes(bytearray([(ba[31] & 127) \| 64])) return ba0 + bytes(s32[1:31]) + ba31 def ed25519_password(password, scramble): """Sign a random scramble with elliptic curve Ed25519. Secret and public key are derived from password. """ # variable names based on rfc8032 section-5.1.6 # if not _nacl_bindings: _init_nacl() # h = SHA512(password) h = hashlib.sha512(password).digest() # s = prune(first_half(h)) s = _scalar_clamp(h[:32]) # r = SHA512(second_half(h) \|\| M) r = hashlib.sha512(h[32:] + scramble).digest() # R = encoded point [r]B r = _nacl_bindings.crypto_core_ed25519_scalar_reduce(r) R = _nacl_bindings.crypto_scalarmult_ed25519_base_noclamp(r) # A = encoded point [s]B A = _nacl_bindings.crypto_scalarmult_ed25519_base_noclamp(s) # k = SHA512(R \|\| A \|\| M) k = hashlib.sha512(R + A + scramble).digest() # S = (k * s + r) mod L k = _nacl_bindings.crypto_core_ed25519_scalar_reduce(k) ks = _nacl_bindings.crypto_core_ed25519_scalar_mul(k, s) S = _nacl_bindings.crypto_core_ed25519_scalar_add(ks, r) # signature = R \|\| S return R + S # sha256_password def _roundtrip(conn, send_data): conn.write_packet(send_data) pkt = conn._read_packet() pkt.check_error() return pkt def _xor_password(password, salt): # Trailing NUL character will be added in Auth Switch Request. # See https://github.com/mysql/mysql-server/blob/7d10c82196c8e45554f27c00681474a9fb86d137/sql/auth/sha2_password.cc#L939-L945 salt = salt[:SCRAMBLE_LENGTH] password_bytes = bytearray(password) # salt = bytearray(salt) # for PY2 compat. salt_len = len(salt) for i in range(len(password_bytes)): password_bytes[i] ^= salt[i % salt_len] return bytes(password_bytes) def sha2_rsa_encrypt(password, salt, public_key): """Encrypt password with salt and public_key. Used for sha256_password and caching_sha2_password. """ if not _have_cryptography: raise RuntimeError( "'cryptography' package is required for sha256_password or" + " caching_sha2_password auth methods" ) message = _xor_password(password + b"\0", salt) rsa_key = serialization.load_pem_public_key(public_key, default_backend()) return rsa_key.encrypt( message, padding.OAEP( mgf=padding.MGF1(algorithm=hashes.SHA1()), algorithm=hashes.SHA1(), label=None, ), ) def sha256_password_auth(conn, pkt): if conn._secure: if DEBUG: print("sha256: Sending plain password") data = conn.password + b"\0" return _roundtrip(conn, data) if pkt.is_auth_switch_request(): conn.salt = pkt.read_all() if not conn.server_public_key and conn.password: # Request server public key if DEBUG: print("sha256: Requesting server public key") pkt = _roundtrip(conn, b"\1") if pkt.is_extra_auth_data(): conn.server_public_key = pkt._data[1:] if DEBUG: print("Received public key:\n", conn.server_public_key.decode("ascii")) if conn.password: if not conn.server_public_key: raise OperationalError("Couldn't receive server's public key") data = sha2_rsa_encrypt(conn.password, conn.salt, conn.server_public_key) else: data = b"" return _roundtrip(conn, data) def scramble_caching_sha2(password, nonce): # (bytes, bytes) -> bytes """Scramble algorithm used in cached_sha2_password fast path. XOR(SHA256(password), SHA256(SHA256(SHA256(password)), nonce)) """ if not password: return b"" p1 = hashlib.sha256(password).digest() p2 = hashlib.sha256(p1).digest() p3 = hashlib.sha256(p2 + nonce).digest() res = bytearray(p1) for i in range(len(p3)): res[i] ^= p3[i] return bytes(res) def caching_sha2_password_auth(conn, pkt): # No password fast path if not conn.password: return _roundtrip(conn, b"") if pkt.is_auth_switch_request(): # Try from fast auth if DEBUG: print("caching sha2: Trying fast path") conn.salt = pkt.read_all() scrambled = scramble_caching_sha2(conn.password, conn.salt) pkt = _roundtrip(conn, scrambled) # else: fast auth is tried in initial handshake if not pkt.is_extra_auth_data(): raise OperationalError( "caching sha2: Unknown packet for fast auth: %s" % pkt._data[:1] ) # magic numbers: # 2 - request public key # 3 - fast auth succeeded # 4 - need full auth pkt.advance(1) n = pkt.read_uint8() if n == 3: if DEBUG: print("caching sha2: succeeded by fast path.") pkt = conn._read_packet() pkt.check_error() # pkt must be OK packet return pkt if n != 4: raise OperationalError("caching sha2: Unknown result for fast auth: %s" % n) if DEBUG: print("caching sha2: Trying full auth...") if conn._secure: if DEBUG: print("caching sha2: Sending plain password via secure connection") return _roundtrip(conn, conn.password + b"\0") if not conn.server_public_key: pkt = _roundtrip(conn, b"\x02") # Request public key if not pkt.is_extra_auth_data(): raise OperationalError( "caching sha2: Unknown packet for public key: %s" % pkt._data[:1] ) conn.server_public_key = pkt._data[1:] if DEBUG: print(conn.server_public_key.decode("ascii")) data = sha2_rsa_encrypt(conn.password, conn.salt, conn.server_public_key) pkt = _roundtrip(conn, data)	7.24 KB	2025-05-25 12:26
📄 charset.py # Internal use only. Do not use directly. MBLENGTH = {8: 1, 33: 3, 88: 2, 91: 2} class Charset: def __init__(self, id, name, collation, is_default=False): self.id, self.name, self.collation = id, name, collation self.is_default = is_default def __repr__(self): return ( f"Charset(id={self.id}, name={self.name!r}, collation={self.collation!r})" ) @property def encoding(self): name = self.name if name in ("utf8mb4", "utf8mb3"): return "utf8" if name == "latin1": return "cp1252" if name == "koi8r": return "koi8_r" if name == "koi8u": return "koi8_u" return name @property def is_binary(self): return self.id == 63 class Charsets: def __init__(self): self._by_id = {} self._by_name = {} def add(self, c): self._by_id[c.id] = c if c.is_default: self._by_name[c.name] = c def by_id(self, id): return self._by_id[id] def by_name(self, name): if name == "utf8": name = "utf8mb4" return self._by_name.get(name.lower()) _charsets = Charsets() charset_by_name = _charsets.by_name charset_by_id = _charsets.by_id """ TODO: update this script. Generated with: mysql -N -s -e "select id, character_set_name, collation_name, is_default from information_schema.collations order by id;" \| python -c "import sys for l in sys.stdin.readlines(): id, name, collation, is_default = l.split(chr(9)) if is_default.strip() == "Yes": print('_charsets.add(Charset(%s, \'%s\', \'%s\', True))' \ % (id, name, collation)) else: print('_charsets.add(Charset(%s, \'%s\', \'%s\'))' \ % (id, name, collation, bool(is_default.strip())) """ _charsets.add(Charset(1, "big5", "big5_chinese_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(2, "latin2", "latin2_czech_cs")) _charsets.add(Charset(3, "dec8", "dec8_swedish_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(4, "cp850", "cp850_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(5, "latin1", "latin1_german1_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(6, "hp8", "hp8_english_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(7, "koi8r", "koi8r_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(8, "latin1", "latin1_swedish_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(9, "latin2", "latin2_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(10, "swe7", "swe7_swedish_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(11, "ascii", "ascii_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(12, "ujis", "ujis_japanese_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(13, "sjis", "sjis_japanese_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(14, "cp1251", "cp1251_bulgarian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(15, "latin1", "latin1_danish_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(16, "hebrew", "hebrew_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(18, "tis620", "tis620_thai_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(19, "euckr", "euckr_korean_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(20, "latin7", "latin7_estonian_cs")) _charsets.add(Charset(21, "latin2", "latin2_hungarian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(22, "koi8u", "koi8u_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(23, "cp1251", "cp1251_ukrainian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(24, "gb2312", "gb2312_chinese_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(25, "greek", "greek_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(26, "cp1250", "cp1250_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(27, "latin2", "latin2_croatian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(28, "gbk", "gbk_chinese_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(29, "cp1257", "cp1257_lithuanian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(30, "latin5", "latin5_turkish_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(31, "latin1", "latin1_german2_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(32, "armscii8", "armscii8_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(33, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(34, "cp1250", "cp1250_czech_cs")) _charsets.add(Charset(36, "cp866", "cp866_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(37, "keybcs2", "keybcs2_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(38, "macce", "macce_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(39, "macroman", "macroman_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(40, "cp852", "cp852_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(41, "latin7", "latin7_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(42, "latin7", "latin7_general_cs")) _charsets.add(Charset(43, "macce", "macce_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(44, "cp1250", "cp1250_croatian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(45, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(46, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(47, "latin1", "latin1_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(48, "latin1", "latin1_general_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(49, "latin1", "latin1_general_cs")) _charsets.add(Charset(50, "cp1251", "cp1251_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(51, "cp1251", "cp1251_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(52, "cp1251", "cp1251_general_cs")) _charsets.add(Charset(53, "macroman", "macroman_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(57, "cp1256", "cp1256_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(58, "cp1257", "cp1257_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(59, "cp1257", "cp1257_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(63, "binary", "binary", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(64, "armscii8", "armscii8_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(65, "ascii", "ascii_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(66, "cp1250", "cp1250_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(67, "cp1256", "cp1256_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(68, "cp866", "cp866_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(69, "dec8", "dec8_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(70, "greek", "greek_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(71, "hebrew", "hebrew_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(72, "hp8", "hp8_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(73, "keybcs2", "keybcs2_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(74, "koi8r", "koi8r_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(75, "koi8u", "koi8u_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(76, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_tolower_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(77, "latin2", "latin2_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(78, "latin5", "latin5_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(79, "latin7", "latin7_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(80, "cp850", "cp850_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(81, "cp852", "cp852_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(82, "swe7", "swe7_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(83, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(84, "big5", "big5_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(85, "euckr", "euckr_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(86, "gb2312", "gb2312_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(87, "gbk", "gbk_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(88, "sjis", "sjis_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(89, "tis620", "tis620_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(91, "ujis", "ujis_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(92, "geostd8", "geostd8_general_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(93, "geostd8", "geostd8_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(94, "latin1", "latin1_spanish_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(95, "cp932", "cp932_japanese_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(96, "cp932", "cp932_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(97, "eucjpms", "eucjpms_japanese_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(98, "eucjpms", "eucjpms_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(99, "cp1250", "cp1250_polish_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(192, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_unicode_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(193, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_icelandic_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(194, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_latvian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(195, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_romanian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(196, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_slovenian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(197, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_polish_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(198, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_estonian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(199, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_spanish_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(200, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_swedish_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(201, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_turkish_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(202, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_czech_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(203, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_danish_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(204, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_lithuanian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(205, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_slovak_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(206, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_spanish2_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(207, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_roman_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(208, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_persian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(209, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_esperanto_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(210, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_hungarian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(211, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_sinhala_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(212, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_german2_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(213, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_croatian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(214, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_unicode_520_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(215, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_vietnamese_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(223, "utf8mb3", "utf8mb3_general_mysql500_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(224, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_unicode_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(225, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_icelandic_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(226, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_latvian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(227, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_romanian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(228, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_slovenian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(229, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_polish_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(230, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_estonian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(231, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_spanish_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(232, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_swedish_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(233, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_turkish_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(234, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_czech_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(235, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_danish_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(236, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_lithuanian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(237, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_slovak_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(238, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_spanish2_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(239, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_roman_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(240, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_persian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(241, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_esperanto_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(242, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_hungarian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(243, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_sinhala_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(244, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_german2_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(245, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_croatian_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(246, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_unicode_520_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(247, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_vietnamese_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(248, "gb18030", "gb18030_chinese_ci", True)) _charsets.add(Charset(249, "gb18030", "gb18030_bin")) _charsets.add(Charset(250, "gb18030", "gb18030_unicode_520_ci")) _charsets.add(Charset(255, "utf8mb4", "utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci"))	10 KB	2025-05-25 12:26
📄 connections.py # Python implementation of the MySQL client-server protocol # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/client-server-protocol.html # Error codes: # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.5/en/error-handling.html import errno import os import socket import struct import sys import traceback import warnings from . import _auth from .charset import charset_by_name, charset_by_id from .constants import CLIENT, COMMAND, CR, ER, FIELD_TYPE, SERVER_STATUS from . import converters from .cursors import Cursor from .optionfile import Parser from .protocol import ( dump_packet, MysqlPacket, FieldDescriptorPacket, OKPacketWrapper, EOFPacketWrapper, LoadLocalPacketWrapper, ) from . import err, VERSION_STRING try: import ssl SSL_ENABLED = True except ImportError: ssl = None SSL_ENABLED = False try: import getpass DEFAULT_USER = getpass.getuser() del getpass except (ImportError, KeyError): # KeyError occurs when there's no entry in OS database for a current user. DEFAULT_USER = None DEBUG = False TEXT_TYPES = { FIELD_TYPE.BIT, FIELD_TYPE.BLOB, FIELD_TYPE.LONG_BLOB, FIELD_TYPE.MEDIUM_BLOB, FIELD_TYPE.STRING, FIELD_TYPE.TINY_BLOB, FIELD_TYPE.VAR_STRING, FIELD_TYPE.VARCHAR, FIELD_TYPE.GEOMETRY, } DEFAULT_CHARSET = "utf8mb4" MAX_PACKET_LEN = 224 - 1 def _pack_int24(n): return struct.pack("<I", n)[:3] # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/integer.html#packet-Protocol::LengthEncodedInteger def _lenenc_int(i): if i < 0: raise ValueError( "Encoding %d is less than 0 - no representation in LengthEncodedInteger" % i ) elif i < 0xFB: return bytes([i]) elif i < (1 << 16): return b"\xfc" + struct.pack("<H", i) elif i < (1 << 24): return b"\xfd" + struct.pack("<I", i)[:3] elif i < (1 << 64): return b"\xfe" + struct.pack("<Q", i) else: raise ValueError( f"Encoding {i:x} is larger than {1 << 64:x} - no representation in LengthEncodedInteger" ) class Connection: """ Representation of a socket with a mysql server. The proper way to get an instance of this class is to call connect(). Establish a connection to the MySQL database. Accepts several arguments: :param host: Host where the database server is located. :param user: Username to log in as. :param password: Password to use. :param database: Database to use, None to not use a particular one. :param port: MySQL port to use, default is usually OK. (default: 3306) :param bind_address: When the client has multiple network interfaces, specify the interface from which to connect to the host. Argument can be a hostname or an IP address. :param unix_socket: Use a unix socket rather than TCP/IP. :param read_timeout: The timeout for reading from the connection in seconds. (default: None - no timeout) :param write_timeout: The timeout for writing to the connection in seconds. (default: None - no timeout) :param str charset: Charset to use. :param str collation: Collation name to use. :param sql_mode: Default SQL_MODE to use. :param read_default_file: Specifies my.cnf file to read these parameters from under the [client] section. :param conv: Conversion dictionary to use instead of the default one. This is used to provide custom marshalling and unmarshalling of types. See converters. :param use_unicode: Whether or not to default to unicode strings. This option defaults to true. :param client_flag: Custom flags to send to MySQL. Find potential values in constants.CLIENT. :param cursorclass: Custom cursor class to use. :param init_command: Initial SQL statement to run when connection is established. :param connect_timeout: The timeout for connecting to the database in seconds. (default: 10, min: 1, max: 31536000) :param ssl: A dict of arguments similar to mysql_ssl_set()'s parameters or an ssl.SSLContext. :param ssl_ca: Path to the file that contains a PEM-formatted CA certificate. :param ssl_cert: Path to the file that contains a PEM-formatted client certificate. :param ssl_disabled: A boolean value that disables usage of TLS. :param ssl_key: Path to the file that contains a PEM-formatted private key for the client certificate. :param ssl_key_password: The password for the client certificate private key. :param ssl_verify_cert: Set to true to check the server certificate's validity. :param ssl_verify_identity: Set to true to check the server's identity. :param read_default_group: Group to read from in the configuration file. :param autocommit: Autocommit mode. None means use server default. (default: False) :param local_infile: Boolean to enable the use of LOAD DATA LOCAL command. (default: False) :param max_allowed_packet: Max size of packet sent to server in bytes. (default: 16MB) Only used to limit size of "LOAD LOCAL INFILE" data packet smaller than default (16KB). :param defer_connect: Don't explicitly connect on construction - wait for connect call. (default: False) :param auth_plugin_map: A dict of plugin names to a class that processes that plugin. The class will take the Connection object as the argument to the constructor. The class needs an authenticate method taking an authentication packet as an argument. For the dialog plugin, a prompt(echo, prompt) method can be used (if no authenticate method) for returning a string from the user. (experimental) :param server_public_key: SHA256 authentication plugin public key value. (default: None) :param binary_prefix: Add _binary prefix on bytes and bytearray. (default: False) :param compress: Not supported. :param named_pipe: Not supported. :param db: DEPRECATED Alias for database. :param passwd: DEPRECATED** Alias for password. See `Connection <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#connection-objects>`_ in the specification. """ _sock = None _auth_plugin_name = "" _closed = False _secure = False def __init__( self, , user=None, # The first four arguments is based on DB-API 2.0 recommendation. password="", host=None, database=None, unix_socket=None, port=0, charset="", collation=None, sql_mode=None, read_default_file=None, conv=None, use_unicode=True, client_flag=0, cursorclass=Cursor, init_command=None, connect_timeout=10, read_default_group=None, autocommit=False, local_infile=False, max_allowed_packet=16 1024 * 1024, defer_connect=False, auth_plugin_map=None, read_timeout=None, write_timeout=None, bind_address=None, binary_prefix=False, program_name=None, server_public_key=None, ssl=None, ssl_ca=None, ssl_cert=None, ssl_disabled=None, ssl_key=None, ssl_key_password=None, ssl_verify_cert=None, ssl_verify_identity=None, compress=None, # not supported named_pipe=None, # not supported passwd=None, # deprecated db=None, # deprecated ): if db is not None and database is None: # We will raise warning in 2022 or later. # See https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL/issues/939 # warnings.warn("'db' is deprecated, use 'database'", DeprecationWarning, 3) database = db if passwd is not None and not password: # We will raise warning in 2022 or later. # See https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL/issues/939 # warnings.warn( # "'passwd' is deprecated, use 'password'", DeprecationWarning, 3 # ) password = passwd if compress or named_pipe: raise NotImplementedError( "compress and named_pipe arguments are not supported" ) self._local_infile = bool(local_infile) if self._local_infile: client_flag \|= CLIENT.LOCAL_FILES if read_default_group and not read_default_file: if sys.platform.startswith("win"): read_default_file = "c:\\my.ini" else: read_default_file = "/etc/my.cnf" if read_default_file: if not read_default_group: read_default_group = "client" cfg = Parser() cfg.read(os.path.expanduser(read_default_file)) def _config(key, arg): if arg: return arg try: return cfg.get(read_default_group, key) except Exception: return arg user = _config("user", user) password = _config("password", password) host = _config("host", host) database = _config("database", database) unix_socket = _config("socket", unix_socket) port = int(_config("port", port)) bind_address = _config("bind-address", bind_address) charset = _config("default-character-set", charset) if not ssl: ssl = {} if isinstance(ssl, dict): for key in ["ca", "capath", "cert", "key", "password", "cipher"]: value = _config("ssl-" + key, ssl.get(key)) if value: ssl[key] = value self.ssl = False if not ssl_disabled: if ssl_ca or ssl_cert or ssl_key or ssl_verify_cert or ssl_verify_identity: ssl = { "ca": ssl_ca, "check_hostname": bool(ssl_verify_identity), "verify_mode": ssl_verify_cert if ssl_verify_cert is not None else False, } if ssl_cert is not None: ssl["cert"] = ssl_cert if ssl_key is not None: ssl["key"] = ssl_key if ssl_key_password is not None: ssl["password"] = ssl_key_password if ssl: if not SSL_ENABLED: raise NotImplementedError("ssl module not found") self.ssl = True client_flag \|= CLIENT.SSL self.ctx = self._create_ssl_ctx(ssl) self.host = host or "localhost" self.port = port or 3306 if type(self.port) is not int: raise ValueError("port should be of type int") self.user = user or DEFAULT_USER self.password = password or b"" if isinstance(self.password, str): self.password = self.password.encode("latin1") self.db = database self.unix_socket = unix_socket self.bind_address = bind_address if not (0 < connect_timeout <= 31536000): raise ValueError("connect_timeout should be >0 and <=31536000") self.connect_timeout = connect_timeout or None if read_timeout is not None and read_timeout <= 0: raise ValueError("read_timeout should be > 0") self._read_timeout = read_timeout if write_timeout is not None and write_timeout <= 0: raise ValueError("write_timeout should be > 0") self._write_timeout = write_timeout self.charset = charset or DEFAULT_CHARSET self.collation = collation self.use_unicode = use_unicode self.encoding = charset_by_name(self.charset).encoding client_flag \|= CLIENT.CAPABILITIES if self.db: client_flag \|= CLIENT.CONNECT_WITH_DB self.client_flag = client_flag self.cursorclass = cursorclass self._result = None self._affected_rows = 0 self.host_info = "Not connected" # specified autocommit mode. None means use server default. self.autocommit_mode = autocommit if conv is None: conv = converters.conversions # Need for MySQLdb compatibility. self.encoders = {k: v for (k, v) in conv.items() if type(k) is not int} self.decoders = {k: v for (k, v) in conv.items() if type(k) is int} self.sql_mode = sql_mode self.init_command = init_command self.max_allowed_packet = max_allowed_packet self._auth_plugin_map = auth_plugin_map or {} self._binary_prefix = binary_prefix self.server_public_key = server_public_key self._connect_attrs = { "_client_name": "pymysql", "_client_version": VERSION_STRING, "_pid": str(os.getpid()), } if program_name: self._connect_attrs["program_name"] = program_name if defer_connect: self._sock = None else: self.connect() def __enter__(self): return self def __exit__(self, exc_info): del exc_info self.close() def _create_ssl_ctx(self, sslp): if isinstance(sslp, ssl.SSLContext): return sslp ca = sslp.get("ca") capath = sslp.get("capath") hasnoca = ca is None and capath is None ctx = ssl.create_default_context(cafile=ca, capath=capath) ctx.check_hostname = not hasnoca and sslp.get("check_hostname", True) verify_mode_value = sslp.get("verify_mode") if verify_mode_value is None: ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE if hasnoca else ssl.CERT_REQUIRED elif isinstance(verify_mode_value, bool): ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if verify_mode_value else ssl.CERT_NONE else: if isinstance(verify_mode_value, str): verify_mode_value = verify_mode_value.lower() if verify_mode_value in ("none", "0", "false", "no"): ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE elif verify_mode_value == "optional": ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_OPTIONAL elif verify_mode_value in ("required", "1", "true", "yes"): ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_REQUIRED else: ctx.verify_mode = ssl.CERT_NONE if hasnoca else ssl.CERT_REQUIRED if "cert" in sslp: ctx.load_cert_chain( sslp["cert"], keyfile=sslp.get("key"), password=sslp.get("password") ) if "cipher" in sslp: ctx.set_ciphers(sslp["cipher"]) ctx.options \|= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv2 ctx.options \|= ssl.OP_NO_SSLv3 return ctx def close(self): """ Send the quit message and close the socket. See `Connection.close() <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#Connection.close>`_ in the specification. :raise Error: If the connection is already closed. """ if self._closed: raise err.Error("Already closed") self._closed = True if self._sock is None: return send_data = struct.pack("<iB", 1, COMMAND.COM_QUIT) try: self._write_bytes(send_data) except Exception: pass finally: self._force_close() @property def open(self): """Return True if the connection is open.""" return self._sock is not None def _force_close(self): """Close connection without QUIT message.""" if self._sock: try: self._sock.close() except: # noqa pass self._sock = None self._rfile = None __del__ = _force_close def autocommit(self, value): self.autocommit_mode = bool(value) current = self.get_autocommit() if value != current: self._send_autocommit_mode() def get_autocommit(self): return bool(self.server_status & SERVER_STATUS.SERVER_STATUS_AUTOCOMMIT) def _read_ok_packet(self): pkt = self._read_packet() if not pkt.is_ok_packet(): raise err.OperationalError( CR.CR_COMMANDS_OUT_OF_SYNC, "Command Out of Sync", ) ok = OKPacketWrapper(pkt) self.server_status = ok.server_status return ok def _send_autocommit_mode(self): """Set whether or not to commit after every execute().""" self._execute_command( COMMAND.COM_QUERY, "SET AUTOCOMMIT = %s" % self.escape(self.autocommit_mode) ) self._read_ok_packet() def begin(self): """Begin transaction.""" self._execute_command(COMMAND.COM_QUERY, "BEGIN") self._read_ok_packet() def commit(self): """ Commit changes to stable storage. See `Connection.commit() <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#commit>`_ in the specification. """ self._execute_command(COMMAND.COM_QUERY, "COMMIT") self._read_ok_packet() def rollback(self): """ Roll back the current transaction. See `Connection.rollback() <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#rollback>`_ in the specification. """ self._execute_command(COMMAND.COM_QUERY, "ROLLBACK") self._read_ok_packet() def show_warnings(self): """Send the "SHOW WARNINGS" SQL command.""" self._execute_command(COMMAND.COM_QUERY, "SHOW WARNINGS") result = MySQLResult(self) result.read() return result.rows def select_db(self, db): """ Set current db. :param db: The name of the db. """ self._execute_command(COMMAND.COM_INIT_DB, db) self._read_ok_packet() def escape(self, obj, mapping=None): """Escape whatever value is passed. Non-standard, for internal use; do not use this in your applications. """ if isinstance(obj, str): return "'" + self.escape_string(obj) + "'" if isinstance(obj, (bytes, bytearray)): ret = self._quote_bytes(obj) if self._binary_prefix: ret = "_binary" + ret return ret return converters.escape_item(obj, self.charset, mapping=mapping) def literal(self, obj): """Alias for escape(). Non-standard, for internal use; do not use this in your applications. """ return self.escape(obj, self.encoders) def escape_string(self, s): if self.server_status & SERVER_STATUS.SERVER_STATUS_NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES: return s.replace("'", "''") return converters.escape_string(s) def _quote_bytes(self, s): if self.server_status & SERVER_STATUS.SERVER_STATUS_NO_BACKSLASH_ESCAPES: return "'{}'".format( s.replace(b"'", b"''").decode("ascii", "surrogateescape") ) return converters.escape_bytes(s) def cursor(self, cursor=None): """ Create a new cursor to execute queries with. :param cursor: The type of cursor to create. None means use Cursor. :type cursor: :py:class:`Cursor`, :py:class:`SSCursor`, :py:class:`DictCursor`, or :py:class:`SSDictCursor`. """ if cursor: return cursor(self) return self.cursorclass(self) # The following methods are INTERNAL USE ONLY (called from Cursor) def query(self, sql, unbuffered=False): # if DEBUG: # print("DEBUG: sending query:", sql) if isinstance(sql, str): sql = sql.encode(self.encoding, "surrogateescape") self._execute_command(COMMAND.COM_QUERY, sql) self._affected_rows = self._read_query_result(unbuffered=unbuffered) return self._affected_rows def next_result(self, unbuffered=False): self._affected_rows = self._read_query_result(unbuffered=unbuffered) return self._affected_rows def affected_rows(self): return self._affected_rows def kill(self, thread_id): arg = struct.pack("<I", thread_id) self._execute_command(COMMAND.COM_PROCESS_KILL, arg) return self._read_ok_packet() def ping(self, reconnect=True): """ Check if the server is alive. :param reconnect: If the connection is closed, reconnect. :type reconnect: boolean :raise Error: If the connection is closed and reconnect=False. """ if self._sock is None: if reconnect: self.connect() reconnect = False else: raise err.Error("Already closed") try: self._execute_command(COMMAND.COM_PING, "") self._read_ok_packet() except Exception: if reconnect: self.connect() self.ping(False) else: raise def set_charset(self, charset): """Deprecated. Use set_character_set() instead.""" # This function has been implemented in old PyMySQL. # But this name is different from MySQLdb. # So we keep this function for compatibility and add # new set_character_set() function. self.set_character_set(charset) def set_character_set(self, charset, collation=None): """ Set charaset (and collation) Send "SET NAMES charset [COLLATE collation]" query. Update Connection.encoding based on charset. """ # Make sure charset is supported. encoding = charset_by_name(charset).encoding if collation: query = f"SET NAMES {charset} COLLATE {collation}" else: query = f"SET NAMES {charset}" self._execute_command(COMMAND.COM_QUERY, query) self._read_packet() self.charset = charset self.encoding = encoding self.collation = collation def connect(self, sock=None): self._closed = False try: if sock is None: if self.unix_socket: sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM) sock.settimeout(self.connect_timeout) sock.connect(self.unix_socket) self.host_info = "Localhost via UNIX socket" self._secure = True if DEBUG: print("connected using unix_socket") else: kwargs = {} if self.bind_address is not None: kwargs["source_address"] = (self.bind_address, 0) while True: try: sock = socket.create_connection( (self.host, self.port), self.connect_timeout, kwargs ) break except OSError as e: if e.errno == errno.EINTR: continue raise self.host_info = "socket %s:%d" % (self.host, self.port) if DEBUG: print("connected using socket") sock.setsockopt(socket.IPPROTO_TCP, socket.TCP_NODELAY, 1) sock.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_KEEPALIVE, 1) sock.settimeout(None) self._sock = sock self._rfile = sock.makefile("rb") self._next_seq_id = 0 self._get_server_information() self._request_authentication() # Send "SET NAMES" query on init for: # - Ensure charaset (and collation) is set to the server. # - collation_id in handshake packet may be ignored. # - If collation is not specified, we don't know what is server's # default collation for the charset. For example, default collation # of utf8mb4 is: # - MySQL 5.7, MariaDB 10.x: utf8mb4_general_ci # - MySQL 8.0: utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci # # Reference: # - https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL/issues/1092 # - https://github.com/wagtail/wagtail/issues/9477 # - https://zenn.dev/methane/articles/2023-mysql-collation (Japanese) self.set_character_set(self.charset, self.collation) if self.sql_mode is not None: c = self.cursor() c.execute("SET sql_mode=%s", (self.sql_mode,)) c.close() if self.init_command is not None: c = self.cursor() c.execute(self.init_command) c.close() if self.autocommit_mode is not None: self.autocommit(self.autocommit_mode) except BaseException as e: self._rfile = None if sock is not None: try: sock.close() except: # noqa pass if isinstance(e, (OSError, IOError)): exc = err.OperationalError( CR.CR_CONN_HOST_ERROR, f"Can't connect to MySQL server on {self.host!r} ({e})", ) # Keep original exception and traceback to investigate error. exc.original_exception = e exc.traceback = traceback.format_exc() if DEBUG: print(exc.traceback) raise exc # If e is neither DatabaseError or IOError, It's a bug. # But raising AssertionError hides original error. # So just reraise it. raise def write_packet(self, payload): """Writes an entire "mysql packet" in its entirety to the network adding its length and sequence number. """ # Internal note: when you build packet manually and calls _write_bytes() # directly, you should set self._next_seq_id properly. data = _pack_int24(len(payload)) + bytes([self._next_seq_id]) + payload if DEBUG: dump_packet(data) self._write_bytes(data) self._next_seq_id = (self._next_seq_id + 1) % 256 def _read_packet(self, packet_type=MysqlPacket): """Read an entire "mysql packet" in its entirety from the network and return a MysqlPacket type that represents the results. :raise OperationalError: If the connection to the MySQL server is lost. :raise InternalError: If the packet sequence number is wrong. """ buff = bytearray() while True: packet_header = self._read_bytes(4) # if DEBUG: dump_packet(packet_header) btrl, btrh, packet_number = struct.unpack("<HBB", packet_header) bytes_to_read = btrl + (btrh << 16) if packet_number != self._next_seq_id: self._force_close() if packet_number == 0: # MariaDB sends error packet with seqno==0 when shutdown raise err.OperationalError( CR.CR_SERVER_LOST, "Lost connection to MySQL server during query", ) raise err.InternalError( "Packet sequence number wrong - got %d expected %d" % (packet_number, self._next_seq_id) ) self._next_seq_id = (self._next_seq_id + 1) % 256 recv_data = self._read_bytes(bytes_to_read) if DEBUG: dump_packet(recv_data) buff += recv_data # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/sending-more-than-16mbyte.html if bytes_to_read < MAX_PACKET_LEN: break packet = packet_type(bytes(buff), self.encoding) if packet.is_error_packet(): if self._result is not None and self._result.unbuffered_active is True: self._result.unbuffered_active = False packet.raise_for_error() return packet def _read_bytes(self, num_bytes): self._sock.settimeout(self._read_timeout) while True: try: data = self._rfile.read(num_bytes) break except OSError as e: if e.errno == errno.EINTR: continue self._force_close() raise err.OperationalError( CR.CR_SERVER_LOST, f"Lost connection to MySQL server during query ({e})", ) except BaseException: # Don't convert unknown exception to MySQLError. self._force_close() raise if len(data) < num_bytes: self._force_close() raise err.OperationalError( CR.CR_SERVER_LOST, "Lost connection to MySQL server during query" ) return data def _write_bytes(self, data): self._sock.settimeout(self._write_timeout) try: self._sock.sendall(data) except OSError as e: self._force_close() raise err.OperationalError( CR.CR_SERVER_GONE_ERROR, f"MySQL server has gone away ({e!r})" ) def _read_query_result(self, unbuffered=False): self._result = None if unbuffered: try: result = MySQLResult(self) result.init_unbuffered_query() except: result.unbuffered_active = False result.connection = None raise else: result = MySQLResult(self) result.read() self._result = result if result.server_status is not None: self.server_status = result.server_status return result.affected_rows def insert_id(self): if self._result: return self._result.insert_id else: return 0 def _execute_command(self, command, sql): """ :raise InterfaceError: If the connection is closed. :raise ValueError: If no username was specified. """ if not self._sock: raise err.InterfaceError(0, "") # If the last query was unbuffered, make sure it finishes before # sending new commands if self._result is not None: if self._result.unbuffered_active: warnings.warn("Previous unbuffered result was left incomplete") self._result._finish_unbuffered_query() while self._result.has_next: self.next_result() self._result = None if isinstance(sql, str): sql = sql.encode(self.encoding) packet_size = min(MAX_PACKET_LEN, len(sql) + 1) # +1 is for command # tiny optimization: build first packet manually instead of # calling self..write_packet() prelude = struct.pack("<iB", packet_size, command) packet = prelude + sql[: packet_size - 1] self._write_bytes(packet) if DEBUG: dump_packet(packet) self._next_seq_id = 1 if packet_size < MAX_PACKET_LEN: return sql = sql[packet_size - 1 :] while True: packet_size = min(MAX_PACKET_LEN, len(sql)) self.write_packet(sql[:packet_size]) sql = sql[packet_size:] if not sql and packet_size < MAX_PACKET_LEN: break def _request_authentication(self): # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/connection-phase-packets.html#packet-Protocol::HandshakeResponse if int(self.server_version.split(".", 1)[0]) >= 5: self.client_flag \|= CLIENT.MULTI_RESULTS if self.user is None: raise ValueError("Did not specify a username") charset_id = charset_by_name(self.charset).id if isinstance(self.user, str): self.user = self.user.encode(self.encoding) data_init = struct.pack( "<iIB23s", self.client_flag, MAX_PACKET_LEN, charset_id, b"" ) if self.ssl and self.server_capabilities & CLIENT.SSL: self.write_packet(data_init) self._sock = self.ctx.wrap_socket(self._sock, server_hostname=self.host) self._rfile = self._sock.makefile("rb") self._secure = True data = data_init + self.user + b"\0" authresp = b"" plugin_name = None if self._auth_plugin_name == "": plugin_name = b"" authresp = _auth.scramble_native_password(self.password, self.salt) elif self._auth_plugin_name == "mysql_native_password": plugin_name = b"mysql_native_password" authresp = _auth.scramble_native_password(self.password, self.salt) elif self._auth_plugin_name == "caching_sha2_password": plugin_name = b"caching_sha2_password" if self.password: if DEBUG: print("caching_sha2: trying fast path") authresp = _auth.scramble_caching_sha2(self.password, self.salt) else: if DEBUG: print("caching_sha2: empty password") elif self._auth_plugin_name == "sha256_password": plugin_name = b"sha256_password" if self.ssl and self.server_capabilities & CLIENT.SSL: authresp = self.password + b"\0" elif self.password: authresp = b"\1" # request public key else: authresp = b"\0" # empty password if self.server_capabilities & CLIENT.PLUGIN_AUTH_LENENC_CLIENT_DATA: data += _lenenc_int(len(authresp)) + authresp elif self.server_capabilities & CLIENT.SECURE_CONNECTION: data += struct.pack("B", len(authresp)) + authresp else: # pragma: no cover - not testing against servers without secure auth (>=5.0) data += authresp + b"\0" if self.db and self.server_capabilities & CLIENT.CONNECT_WITH_DB: if isinstance(self.db, str): self.db = self.db.encode(self.encoding) data += self.db + b"\0" if self.server_capabilities & CLIENT.PLUGIN_AUTH: data += (plugin_name or b"") + b"\0" if self.server_capabilities & CLIENT.CONNECT_ATTRS: connect_attrs = b"" for k, v in self._connect_attrs.items(): k = k.encode("utf-8") connect_attrs += _lenenc_int(len(k)) + k v = v.encode("utf-8") connect_attrs += _lenenc_int(len(v)) + v data += _lenenc_int(len(connect_attrs)) + connect_attrs self.write_packet(data) auth_packet = self._read_packet() # if authentication method isn't accepted the first byte # will have the octet 254 if auth_packet.is_auth_switch_request(): if DEBUG: print("received auth switch") # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/connection-phase-packets.html#packet-Protocol::AuthSwitchRequest auth_packet.read_uint8() # 0xfe packet identifier plugin_name = auth_packet.read_string() if ( self.server_capabilities & CLIENT.PLUGIN_AUTH and plugin_name is not None ): auth_packet = self._process_auth(plugin_name, auth_packet) else: raise err.OperationalError("received unknown auth switch request") elif auth_packet.is_extra_auth_data(): if DEBUG: print("received extra data") # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/successful-authentication.html if self._auth_plugin_name == "caching_sha2_password": auth_packet = _auth.caching_sha2_password_auth(self, auth_packet) elif self._auth_plugin_name == "sha256_password": auth_packet = _auth.sha256_password_auth(self, auth_packet) else: raise err.OperationalError( "Received extra packet for auth method %r", self._auth_plugin_name ) if DEBUG: print("Succeed to auth") def _process_auth(self, plugin_name, auth_packet): handler = self._get_auth_plugin_handler(plugin_name) if handler: try: return handler.authenticate(auth_packet) except AttributeError: if plugin_name != b"dialog": raise err.OperationalError( CR.CR_AUTH_PLUGIN_CANNOT_LOAD, f"Authentication plugin '{plugin_name}'" f" not loaded: - {type(handler)!r} missing authenticate method", ) if plugin_name == b"caching_sha2_password": return _auth.caching_sha2_password_auth(self, auth_packet) elif plugin_name == b"sha256_password": return _auth.sha256_password_auth(self, auth_packet) elif plugin_name == b"mysql_native_password": data = _auth.scramble_native_password(self.password, auth_packet.read_all()) elif plugin_name == b"client_ed25519": data = _auth.ed25519_password(self.password, auth_packet.read_all()) elif plugin_name == b"mysql_old_password": data = ( _auth.scramble_old_password(self.password, auth_packet.read_all()) + b"\0" ) elif plugin_name == b"mysql_clear_password": # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/clear-text-authentication.html data = self.password + b"\0" elif plugin_name == b"dialog": pkt = auth_packet while True: flag = pkt.read_uint8() echo = (flag & 0x06) == 0x02 last = (flag & 0x01) == 0x01 prompt = pkt.read_all() if prompt == b"Password: ": self.write_packet(self.password + b"\0") elif handler: resp = "no response - TypeError within plugin.prompt method" try: resp = handler.prompt(echo, prompt) self.write_packet(resp + b"\0") except AttributeError: raise err.OperationalError( CR.CR_AUTH_PLUGIN_CANNOT_LOAD, f"Authentication plugin '{plugin_name}'" f" not loaded: - {handler!r} missing prompt method", ) except TypeError: raise err.OperationalError( CR.CR_AUTH_PLUGIN_ERR, f"Authentication plugin '{plugin_name}'" f" {handler!r} didn't respond with string. Returned '{resp!r}' to prompt {prompt!r}", ) else: raise err.OperationalError( CR.CR_AUTH_PLUGIN_CANNOT_LOAD, f"Authentication plugin '{plugin_name}' not configured", ) pkt = self._read_packet() pkt.check_error() if pkt.is_ok_packet() or last: break return pkt else: raise err.OperationalError( CR.CR_AUTH_PLUGIN_CANNOT_LOAD, "Authentication plugin '%s' not configured" % plugin_name, ) self.write_packet(data) pkt = self._read_packet() pkt.check_error() return pkt def _get_auth_plugin_handler(self, plugin_name): plugin_class = self._auth_plugin_map.get(plugin_name) if not plugin_class and isinstance(plugin_name, bytes): plugin_class = self._auth_plugin_map.get(plugin_name.decode("ascii")) if plugin_class: try: handler = plugin_class(self) except TypeError: raise err.OperationalError( CR.CR_AUTH_PLUGIN_CANNOT_LOAD, f"Authentication plugin '{plugin_name}'" f" not loaded: - {plugin_class!r} cannot be constructed with connection object", ) else: handler = None return handler # _mysql support def thread_id(self): return self.server_thread_id[0] def character_set_name(self): return self.charset def get_host_info(self): return self.host_info def get_proto_info(self): return self.protocol_version def _get_server_information(self): i = 0 packet = self._read_packet() data = packet.get_all_data() self.protocol_version = data[i] i += 1 server_end = data.find(b"\0", i) self.server_version = data[i:server_end].decode("latin1") i = server_end + 1 self.server_thread_id = struct.unpack("<I", data[i : i + 4]) i += 4 self.salt = data[i : i + 8] i += 9 # 8 + 1(filler) self.server_capabilities = struct.unpack("<H", data[i : i + 2])[0] i += 2 if len(data) >= i + 6: lang, stat, cap_h, salt_len = struct.unpack("<BHHB", data[i : i + 6]) i += 6 # TODO: deprecate server_language and server_charset. # mysqlclient-python doesn't provide it. self.server_language = lang try: self.server_charset = charset_by_id(lang).name except KeyError: # unknown collation self.server_charset = None self.server_status = stat if DEBUG: print("server_status: %x" % stat) self.server_capabilities \|= cap_h << 16 if DEBUG: print("salt_len:", salt_len) salt_len = max(12, salt_len - 9) # reserved i += 10 if len(data) >= i + salt_len: # salt_len includes auth_plugin_data_part_1 and filler self.salt += data[i : i + salt_len] i += salt_len i += 1 # AUTH PLUGIN NAME may appear here. if self.server_capabilities & CLIENT.PLUGIN_AUTH and len(data) >= i: # Due to Bug#59453 the auth-plugin-name is missing the terminating # NUL-char in versions prior to 5.5.10 and 5.6.2. # ref: https://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/connection-phase-packets.html#packet-Protocol::Handshake # didn't use version checks as mariadb is corrected and reports # earlier than those two. server_end = data.find(b"\0", i) if server_end < 0: # pragma: no cover - very specific upstream bug # not found \0 and last field so take it all self._auth_plugin_name = data[i:].decode("utf-8") else: self._auth_plugin_name = data[i:server_end].decode("utf-8") def get_server_info(self): return self.server_version Warning = err.Warning Error = err.Error InterfaceError = err.InterfaceError DatabaseError = err.DatabaseError DataError = err.DataError OperationalError = err.OperationalError IntegrityError = err.IntegrityError InternalError = err.InternalError ProgrammingError = err.ProgrammingError NotSupportedError = err.NotSupportedError class MySQLResult: def __init__(self, connection): """ :type connection: Connection """ self.connection = connection self.affected_rows = None self.insert_id = None self.server_status = None self.warning_count = 0 self.message = None self.field_count = 0 self.description = None self.rows = None self.has_next = None self.unbuffered_active = False def __del__(self): if self.unbuffered_active: self._finish_unbuffered_query() def read(self): try: first_packet = self.connection._read_packet() if first_packet.is_ok_packet(): self._read_ok_packet(first_packet) elif first_packet.is_load_local_packet(): self._read_load_local_packet(first_packet) else: self._read_result_packet(first_packet) finally: self.connection = None def init_unbuffered_query(self): """ :raise OperationalError: If the connection to the MySQL server is lost. :raise InternalError: """ self.unbuffered_active = True first_packet = self.connection._read_packet() if first_packet.is_ok_packet(): self._read_ok_packet(first_packet) self.unbuffered_active = False self.connection = None elif first_packet.is_load_local_packet(): self._read_load_local_packet(first_packet) self.unbuffered_active = False self.connection = None else: self.field_count = first_packet.read_length_encoded_integer() self._get_descriptions() # Apparently, MySQLdb picks this number because it's the maximum # value of a 64bit unsigned integer. Since we're emulating MySQLdb, # we set it to this instead of None, which would be preferred. self.affected_rows = 18446744073709551615 def _read_ok_packet(self, first_packet): ok_packet = OKPacketWrapper(first_packet) self.affected_rows = ok_packet.affected_rows self.insert_id = ok_packet.insert_id self.server_status = ok_packet.server_status self.warning_count = ok_packet.warning_count self.message = ok_packet.message self.has_next = ok_packet.has_next def _read_load_local_packet(self, first_packet): if not self.connection._local_infile: raise RuntimeError( "WARN: Received LOAD_LOCAL packet but local_infile option is false." ) load_packet = LoadLocalPacketWrapper(first_packet) sender = LoadLocalFile(load_packet.filename, self.connection) try: sender.send_data() except: self.connection._read_packet() # skip ok packet raise ok_packet = self.connection._read_packet() if ( not ok_packet.is_ok_packet() ): # pragma: no cover - upstream induced protocol error raise err.OperationalError( CR.CR_COMMANDS_OUT_OF_SYNC, "Commands Out of Sync", ) self._read_ok_packet(ok_packet) def _check_packet_is_eof(self, packet): if not packet.is_eof_packet(): return False # TODO: Support CLIENT.DEPRECATE_EOF # 1) Add DEPRECATE_EOF to CAPABILITIES # 2) Mask CAPABILITIES with server_capabilities # 3) if server_capabilities & CLIENT.DEPRECATE_EOF: # use OKPacketWrapper instead of EOFPacketWrapper wp = EOFPacketWrapper(packet) self.warning_count = wp.warning_count self.has_next = wp.has_next return True def _read_result_packet(self, first_packet): self.field_count = first_packet.read_length_encoded_integer() self._get_descriptions() self._read_rowdata_packet() def _read_rowdata_packet_unbuffered(self): # Check if in an active query if not self.unbuffered_active: return # EOF packet = self.connection._read_packet() if self._check_packet_is_eof(packet): self.unbuffered_active = False self.connection = None self.rows = None return row = self._read_row_from_packet(packet) self.affected_rows = 1 self.rows = (row,) # rows should tuple of row for MySQL-python compatibility. return row def _finish_unbuffered_query(self): # After much reading on the MySQL protocol, it appears that there is, # in fact, no way to stop MySQL from sending all the data after # executing a query, so we just spin, and wait for an EOF packet. while self.unbuffered_active: try: packet = self.connection._read_packet() except err.OperationalError as e: if e.args[0] in ( ER.QUERY_TIMEOUT, ER.STATEMENT_TIMEOUT, ): # if the query timed out we can simply ignore this error self.unbuffered_active = False self.connection = None return raise if self._check_packet_is_eof(packet): self.unbuffered_active = False self.connection = None # release reference to kill cyclic reference. def _read_rowdata_packet(self): """Read a rowdata packet for each data row in the result set.""" rows = [] while True: packet = self.connection._read_packet() if self._check_packet_is_eof(packet): self.connection = None # release reference to kill cyclic reference. break rows.append(self._read_row_from_packet(packet)) self.affected_rows = len(rows) self.rows = tuple(rows) def _read_row_from_packet(self, packet): row = [] for encoding, converter in self.converters: try: data = packet.read_length_coded_string() except IndexError: # No more columns in this row # See https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL/pull/434 break if data is not None: if encoding is not None: data = data.decode(encoding) if DEBUG: print("DEBUG: DATA = ", data) if converter is not None: data = converter(data) row.append(data) return tuple(row) def _get_descriptions(self): """Read a column descriptor packet for each column in the result.""" self.fields = [] self.converters = [] use_unicode = self.connection.use_unicode conn_encoding = self.connection.encoding description = [] for i in range(self.field_count): field = self.connection._read_packet(FieldDescriptorPacket) self.fields.append(field) description.append(field.description()) field_type = field.type_code if use_unicode: if field_type == FIELD_TYPE.JSON: # When SELECT from JSON column: charset = binary # When SELECT CAST(... AS JSON): charset = connection encoding # This behavior is different from TEXT / BLOB. # We should decode result by connection encoding regardless charsetnr. # See https://github.com/PyMySQL/PyMySQL/issues/488 encoding = conn_encoding # SELECT CAST(... AS JSON) elif field_type in TEXT_TYPES: if field.charsetnr == 63: # binary # TEXTs with charset=binary means BINARY types. encoding = None else: encoding = conn_encoding else: # Integers, Dates and Times, and other basic data is encoded in ascii encoding = "ascii" else: encoding = None converter = self.connection.decoders.get(field_type) if converter is converters.through: converter = None if DEBUG: print(f"DEBUG: field={field}, converter={converter}") self.converters.append((encoding, converter)) eof_packet = self.connection._read_packet() assert eof_packet.is_eof_packet(), "Protocol error, expecting EOF" self.description = tuple(description) class LoadLocalFile: def __init__(self, filename, connection): self.filename = filename self.connection = connection def send_data(self): """Send data packets from the local file to the server""" if not self.connection._sock: raise err.InterfaceError(0, "") conn: Connection = self.connection try: with open(self.filename, "rb") as open_file: packet_size = min( conn.max_allowed_packet, 16 1024 ) # 16KB is efficient enough while True: chunk = open_file.read(packet_size) if not chunk: break conn.write_packet(chunk) except OSError: raise err.OperationalError( ER.FILE_NOT_FOUND, f"Can't find file '{self.filename}'", ) finally: if not conn._closed: # send the empty packet to signify we are done sending data conn.write_packet(b"")	52.43 KB	2025-05-25 12:26
📁 constants	-	2025-05-25 12:26
📄 converters.py import datetime from decimal import Decimal import re import time from .err import ProgrammingError from .constants import FIELD_TYPE def escape_item(val, charset, mapping=None): if mapping is None: mapping = encoders encoder = mapping.get(type(val)) # Fallback to default when no encoder found if not encoder: try: encoder = mapping[str] except KeyError: raise TypeError("no default type converter defined") if encoder in (escape_dict, escape_sequence): val = encoder(val, charset, mapping) else: val = encoder(val, mapping) return val def escape_dict(val, charset, mapping=None): raise TypeError("dict can not be used as parameter") def escape_sequence(val, charset, mapping=None): n = [] for item in val: quoted = escape_item(item, charset, mapping) n.append(quoted) return "(" + ",".join(n) + ")" def escape_set(val, charset, mapping=None): return ",".join([escape_item(x, charset, mapping) for x in val]) def escape_bool(value, mapping=None): return str(int(value)) def escape_int(value, mapping=None): return str(value) def escape_float(value, mapping=None): s = repr(value) if s in ("inf", "-inf", "nan"): raise ProgrammingError("%s can not be used with MySQL" % s) if "e" not in s: s += "e0" return s _escape_table = [chr(x) for x in range(128)] _escape_table[0] = "\\0" _escape_table[ord("\\")] = "\\\\" _escape_table[ord("\n")] = "\\n" _escape_table[ord("\r")] = "\\r" _escape_table[ord("\032")] = "\\Z" _escape_table[ord('"')] = '\\"' _escape_table[ord("'")] = "\\'" def escape_string(value, mapping=None): """escapes value without adding quote. Value should be unicode """ return value.translate(_escape_table) def escape_bytes_prefixed(value, mapping=None): return "_binary'%s'" % value.decode("ascii", "surrogateescape").translate( _escape_table ) def escape_bytes(value, mapping=None): return "'%s'" % value.decode("ascii", "surrogateescape").translate(_escape_table) def escape_str(value, mapping=None): return "'%s'" % escape_string(str(value), mapping) def escape_None(value, mapping=None): return "NULL" def escape_timedelta(obj, mapping=None): seconds = int(obj.seconds) % 60 minutes = int(obj.seconds // 60) % 60 hours = int(obj.seconds // 3600) % 24 + int(obj.days) * 24 if obj.microseconds: fmt = "'{0:02d}:{1:02d}:{2:02d}.{3:06d}'" else: fmt = "'{0:02d}:{1:02d}:{2:02d}'" return fmt.format(hours, minutes, seconds, obj.microseconds) def escape_time(obj, mapping=None): if obj.microsecond: fmt = "'{0.hour:02}:{0.minute:02}:{0.second:02}.{0.microsecond:06}'" else: fmt = "'{0.hour:02}:{0.minute:02}:{0.second:02}'" return fmt.format(obj) def escape_datetime(obj, mapping=None): if obj.microsecond: fmt = ( "'{0.year:04}-{0.month:02}-{0.day:02}" + " {0.hour:02}:{0.minute:02}:{0.second:02}.{0.microsecond:06}'" ) else: fmt = "'{0.year:04}-{0.month:02}-{0.day:02} {0.hour:02}:{0.minute:02}:{0.second:02}'" return fmt.format(obj) def escape_date(obj, mapping=None): fmt = "'{0.year:04}-{0.month:02}-{0.day:02}'" return fmt.format(obj) def escape_struct_time(obj, mapping=None): return escape_datetime(datetime.datetime(obj[:6])) def Decimal2Literal(o, d): return format(o, "f") def _convert_second_fraction(s): if not s: return 0 # Pad zeros to ensure the fraction length in microseconds s = s.ljust(6, "0") return int(s[:6]) DATETIME_RE = re.compile( r"(\d{1,4})-(\d{1,2})-(\d{1,2})[T ](\d{1,2}):(\d{1,2}):(\d{1,2})(?:.(\d{1,6}))?" ) def convert_datetime(obj): """Returns a DATETIME or TIMESTAMP column value as a datetime object: >>> convert_datetime('2007-02-25 23:06:20') datetime.datetime(2007, 2, 25, 23, 6, 20) >>> convert_datetime('2007-02-25T23:06:20') datetime.datetime(2007, 2, 25, 23, 6, 20) Illegal values are returned as str: >>> convert_datetime('2007-02-31T23:06:20') '2007-02-31T23:06:20' >>> convert_datetime('0000-00-00 00:00:00') '0000-00-00 00:00:00' """ if isinstance(obj, (bytes, bytearray)): obj = obj.decode("ascii") m = DATETIME_RE.match(obj) if not m: return convert_date(obj) try: groups = list(m.groups()) groups[-1] = _convert_second_fraction(groups[-1]) return datetime.datetime([int(x) for x in groups]) except ValueError: return convert_date(obj) TIMEDELTA_RE = re.compile(r"(-)?(\d{1,3}):(\d{1,2}):(\d{1,2})(?:.(\d{1,6}))?") def convert_timedelta(obj): """Returns a TIME column as a timedelta object: >>> convert_timedelta('25:06:17') datetime.timedelta(days=1, seconds=3977) >>> convert_timedelta('-25:06:17') datetime.timedelta(days=-2, seconds=82423) Illegal values are returned as string: >>> convert_timedelta('random crap') 'random crap' Note that MySQL always returns TIME columns as (+\|-)HH:MM:SS, but can accept values as (+\|-)DD HH:MM:SS. The latter format will not be parsed correctly by this function. """ if isinstance(obj, (bytes, bytearray)): obj = obj.decode("ascii") m = TIMEDELTA_RE.match(obj) if not m: return obj try: groups = list(m.groups()) groups[-1] = _convert_second_fraction(groups[-1]) negate = -1 if groups[0] else 1 hours, minutes, seconds, microseconds = groups[1:] tdelta = ( datetime.timedelta( hours=int(hours), minutes=int(minutes), seconds=int(seconds), microseconds=int(microseconds), ) * negate ) return tdelta except ValueError: return obj TIME_RE = re.compile(r"(\d{1,2}):(\d{1,2}):(\d{1,2})(?:.(\d{1,6}))?") def convert_time(obj): """Returns a TIME column as a time object: >>> convert_time('15:06:17') datetime.time(15, 6, 17) Illegal values are returned as str: >>> convert_time('-25:06:17') '-25:06:17' >>> convert_time('random crap') 'random crap' Note that MySQL always returns TIME columns as (+\|-)HH:MM:SS, but can accept values as (+\|-)DD HH:MM:SS. The latter format will not be parsed correctly by this function. Also note that MySQL's TIME column corresponds more closely to Python's timedelta and not time. However if you want TIME columns to be treated as time-of-day and not a time offset, then you can use set this function as the converter for FIELD_TYPE.TIME. """ if isinstance(obj, (bytes, bytearray)): obj = obj.decode("ascii") m = TIME_RE.match(obj) if not m: return obj try: groups = list(m.groups()) groups[-1] = _convert_second_fraction(groups[-1]) hours, minutes, seconds, microseconds = groups return datetime.time( hour=int(hours), minute=int(minutes), second=int(seconds), microsecond=int(microseconds), ) except ValueError: return obj def convert_date(obj): """Returns a DATE column as a date object: >>> convert_date('2007-02-26') datetime.date(2007, 2, 26) Illegal values are returned as str: >>> convert_date('2007-02-31') '2007-02-31' >>> convert_date('0000-00-00') '0000-00-00' """ if isinstance(obj, (bytes, bytearray)): obj = obj.decode("ascii") try: return datetime.date([int(x) for x in obj.split("-", 2)]) except ValueError: return obj def through(x): return x # def convert_bit(b): # b = "\x00" (8 - len(b)) + b # pad w/ zeroes # return struct.unpack(">Q", b)[0] # # the snippet above is right, but MySQLdb doesn't process bits, # so we shouldn't either convert_bit = through encoders = { bool: escape_bool, int: escape_int, float: escape_float, str: escape_str, bytes: escape_bytes, tuple: escape_sequence, list: escape_sequence, set: escape_sequence, frozenset: escape_sequence, dict: escape_dict, type(None): escape_None, datetime.date: escape_date, datetime.datetime: escape_datetime, datetime.timedelta: escape_timedelta, datetime.time: escape_time, time.struct_time: escape_struct_time, Decimal: Decimal2Literal, } decoders = { FIELD_TYPE.BIT: convert_bit, FIELD_TYPE.TINY: int, FIELD_TYPE.SHORT: int, FIELD_TYPE.LONG: int, FIELD_TYPE.FLOAT: float, FIELD_TYPE.DOUBLE: float, FIELD_TYPE.LONGLONG: int, FIELD_TYPE.INT24: int, FIELD_TYPE.YEAR: int, FIELD_TYPE.TIMESTAMP: convert_datetime, FIELD_TYPE.DATETIME: convert_datetime, FIELD_TYPE.TIME: convert_timedelta, FIELD_TYPE.DATE: convert_date, FIELD_TYPE.BLOB: through, FIELD_TYPE.TINY_BLOB: through, FIELD_TYPE.MEDIUM_BLOB: through, FIELD_TYPE.LONG_BLOB: through, FIELD_TYPE.STRING: through, FIELD_TYPE.VAR_STRING: through, FIELD_TYPE.VARCHAR: through, FIELD_TYPE.DECIMAL: Decimal, FIELD_TYPE.NEWDECIMAL: Decimal, } # for MySQLdb compatibility conversions = encoders.copy() conversions.update(decoders) Thing2Literal = escape_str # Run doctests with `pytest --doctest-modules pymysql/converters.py`	9.3 KB	2025-05-25 12:26
📄 cursors.py import re import warnings from . import err #: Regular expression for :meth:`Cursor.executemany`. #: executemany only supports simple bulk insert. #: You can use it to load large dataset. RE_INSERT_VALUES = re.compile( r"\s((?:INSERT\|REPLACE)\b.+\bVALUES?\s)" + r"(\(\s(?:%s\|%\(.+\)s)\s(?:,\s(?:%s\|%\(.+\)s)\s)\))" + r"(\s(?:ON DUPLICATE.)?);?\s\Z", re.IGNORECASE \| re.DOTALL, ) class Cursor: """ This is the object used to interact with the database. Do not create an instance of a Cursor yourself. Call connections.Connection.cursor(). See `Cursor <https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0249/#cursor-objects>`_ in the specification. """ #: Max statement size which :meth:`executemany` generates. #: #: Max size of allowed statement is max_allowed_packet - packet_header_size. #: Default value of max_allowed_packet is 1048576. max_stmt_length = 1024000 def __init__(self, connection): self.connection = connection self.warning_count = 0 self.description = None self.rownumber = 0 self.rowcount = -1 self.arraysize = 1 self._executed = None self._result = None self._rows = None def close(self): """ Closing a cursor just exhausts all remaining data. """ conn = self.connection if conn is None: return try: while self.nextset(): pass finally: self.connection = None def __enter__(self): return self def __exit__(self, exc_info): del exc_info self.close() def _get_db(self): if not self.connection: raise err.ProgrammingError("Cursor closed") return self.connection def _check_executed(self): if not self._executed: raise err.ProgrammingError("execute() first") def _conv_row(self, row): return row def setinputsizes(self, args): """Does nothing, required by DB API.""" def setoutputsizes(self, *args): """Does nothing, required by DB API.""" def _nextset(self, unbuffered=False): """Get the next query set.""" conn = self._get_db() current_result = self._result if current_result is None or current_result is not conn._result: return None if not current_result.has_next: return None self._result = None self._clear_result() conn.next_result(unbuffered=unbuffered) self._do_get_result() return True def nextset(self): return self._nextset(False) def _escape_args(self, args, conn): if isinstance(args, (tuple, list)): return tuple(conn.literal(arg) for arg in args) elif isinstance(args, dict): return {key: conn.literal(val) for (key, val) in args.items()} else: # If it's not a dictionary let's try escaping it anyways. # Worst case it will throw a Value error return conn.escape(args) def mogrify(self, query, args=None): """ Returns the exact string that would be sent to the database by calling the execute() method. :param query: Query to mogrify. :type query: str :param args: Parameters used with query. (optional) :type args: tuple, list or dict :return: The query with argument binding applied. :rtype: str This method follows the extension to the DB API 2.0 followed by Psycopg. """ conn = self._get_db() if args is not None: query = query % self._escape_args(args, conn) return query def execute(self, query, args=None): """Execute a query. :param query: Query to execute. :type query: str :param args: Parameters used with query. (optional) :type args: tuple, list or dict :return: Number of affected rows. :rtype: int If args is a list or tuple, %s can be used as a placeholder in the query. If args is a dict, %(name)s can be used as a placeholder in the query. """ while self.nextset(): pass query = self.mogrify(query, args) result = self._query(query) self._executed = query return result def executemany(self, query, args): """Run several data against one query. :param query: Query to execute. :type query: str :param args: Sequence of sequences or mappings. It is used as parameter. :type args: tuple or list :return: Number of rows affected, if any. :rtype: int or None This method improves performance on multiple-row INSERT and REPLACE. Otherwise it is equivalent to looping over args with execute(). """ if not args: return m = RE_INSERT_VALUES.match(query) if m: q_prefix = m.group(1) % () q_values = m.group(2).rstrip() q_postfix = m.group(3) or "" assert q_values[0] == "(" and q_values[-1] == ")" return self._do_execute_many( q_prefix, q_values, q_postfix, args, self.max_stmt_length, self._get_db().encoding, ) self.rowcount = sum(self.execute(query, arg) for arg in args) return self.rowcount def _do_execute_many( self, prefix, values, postfix, args, max_stmt_length, encoding ): conn = self._get_db() escape = self._escape_args if isinstance(prefix, str): prefix = prefix.encode(encoding) if isinstance(postfix, str): postfix = postfix.encode(encoding) sql = bytearray(prefix) args = iter(args) v = values % escape(next(args), conn) if isinstance(v, str): v = v.encode(encoding, "surrogateescape") sql += v rows = 0 for arg in args: v = values % escape(arg, conn) if isinstance(v, str): v = v.encode(encoding, "surrogateescape") if len(sql) + len(v) + len(postfix) + 1 > max_stmt_length: rows += self.execute(sql + postfix) sql = bytearray(prefix) else: sql += b"," sql += v rows += self.execute(sql + postfix) self.rowcount = rows return rows def callproc(self, procname, args=()): """Execute stored procedure procname with args. :param procname: Name of procedure to execute on server. :type procname: str :param args: Sequence of parameters to use with procedure. :type args: tuple or list Returns the original args. Compatibility warning: PEP-249 specifies that any modified parameters must be returned. This is currently impossible as they are only available by storing them in a server variable and then retrieved by a query. Since stored procedures return zero or more result sets, there is no reliable way to get at OUT or INOUT parameters via callproc. The server variables are named @_procname_n, where procname is the parameter above and n is the position of the parameter (from zero). Once all result sets generated by the procedure have been fetched, you can issue a SELECT @_procname_0, ... query using .execute() to get any OUT or INOUT values. Compatibility warning: The act of calling a stored procedure itself creates an empty result set. This appears after any result sets generated by the procedure. This is non-standard behavior with respect to the DB-API. Be sure to use nextset() to advance through all result sets; otherwise you may get disconnected. """ conn = self._get_db() if args: fmt = f"@_{procname}_%d=%s" self._query( "SET %s" % ",".join( fmt % (index, conn.escape(arg)) for index, arg in enumerate(args) ) ) self.nextset() q = "CALL {}({})".format( procname, ",".join(["@_%s_%d" % (procname, i) for i in range(len(args))]), ) self._query(q) self._executed = q return args def fetchone(self): """Fetch the next row.""" self._check_executed() if self._rows is None or self.rownumber >= len(self._rows): return None result = self._rows[self.rownumber] self.rownumber += 1 return result def fetchmany(self, size=None): """Fetch several rows.""" self._check_executed() if self._rows is None: # Django expects () for EOF. # https://github.com/django/django/blob/0c1518ee429b01c145cf5b34eab01b0b92f8c246/django/db/backends/mysql/features.py#L8 return () end = self.rownumber + (size or self.arraysize) result = self._rows[self.rownumber : end] self.rownumber = min(end, len(self._rows)) return result def fetchall(self): """Fetch all the rows.""" self._check_executed() if self._rows is None: return [] if self.rownumber: result = self._rows[self.rownumber :] else: result = self._rows self.rownumber = len(self._rows) return result def scroll(self, value, mode="relative"): self._check_executed() if mode == "relative": r = self.rownumber + value elif mode == "absolute": r = value else: raise err.ProgrammingError("unknown scroll mode %s" % mode) if not (0 <= r < len(self._rows)): raise IndexError("out of range") self.rownumber = r def _query(self, q): conn = self._get_db() self._clear_result() conn.query(q) self._do_get_result() return self.rowcount def _clear_result(self): self.rownumber = 0 self._result = None self.rowcount = 0 self.warning_count = 0 self.description = None self.lastrowid = None self._rows = None def _do_get_result(self): conn = self._get_db() self._result = result = conn._result self.rowcount = result.affected_rows self.warning_count = result.warning_count self.description = result.description self.lastrowid = result.insert_id self._rows = result.rows def __iter__(self): return self def __next__(self): row = self.fetchone() if row is None: raise StopIteration return row def __getattr__(self, name): # DB-API 2.0 optional extension says these errors can be accessed # via Connection object. But MySQLdb had defined them on Cursor object. if name in ( "Warning", "Error", "InterfaceError", "DatabaseError", "DataError", "OperationalError", "IntegrityError", "InternalError", "ProgrammingError", "NotSupportedError", ): # Deprecated since v1.1 warnings.warn( "PyMySQL errors hould be accessed from `pymysql` package", DeprecationWarning, stacklevel=2, ) return getattr(err, name) raise AttributeError(name) class DictCursorMixin: # You can override this to use OrderedDict or other dict-like types. dict_type = dict def _do_get_result(self): super()._do_get_result() fields = [] if self.description: for f in self._result.fields: name = f.name if name in fields: name = f.table_name + "." + name fields.append(name) self._fields = fields if fields and self._rows: self._rows = [self._conv_row(r) for r in self._rows] def _conv_row(self, row): if row is None: return None return self.dict_type(zip(self._fields, row)) class DictCursor(DictCursorMixin, Cursor): """A cursor which returns results as a dictionary""" class SSCursor(Cursor): """ Unbuffered Cursor, mainly useful for queries that return a lot of data, or for connections to remote servers over a slow network. Instead of copying every row of data into a buffer, this will fetch rows as needed. The upside of this is the client uses much less memory, and rows are returned much faster when traveling over a slow network or if the result set is very big. There are limitations, though. The MySQL protocol doesn't support returning the total number of rows, so the only way to tell how many rows there are is to iterate over every row returned. Also, it currently isn't possible to scroll backwards, as only the current row is held in memory. """ def _conv_row(self, row): return row def close(self): conn = self.connection if conn is None: return if self._result is not None and self._result is conn._result: self._result._finish_unbuffered_query() try: while self.nextset(): pass finally: self.connection = None __del__ = close def _query(self, q): conn = self._get_db() self._clear_result() conn.query(q, unbuffered=True) self._do_get_result() return self.rowcount def nextset(self): return self._nextset(unbuffered=True) def read_next(self): """Read next row.""" return self._conv_row(self._result._read_rowdata_packet_unbuffered()) def fetchone(self): """Fetch next row.""" self._check_executed() row = self.read_next() if row is None: self.warning_count = self._result.warning_count return None self.rownumber += 1 return row def fetchall(self): """ Fetch all, as per MySQLdb. Pretty useless for large queries, as it is buffered. See fetchall_unbuffered(), if you want an unbuffered generator version of this method. """ return list(self.fetchall_unbuffered()) def fetchall_unbuffered(self): """ Fetch all, implemented as a generator, which isn't to standard, however, it doesn't make sense to return everything in a list, as that would use ridiculous memory for large result sets. """ return iter(self.fetchone, None) def fetchmany(self, size=None): """Fetch many.""" self._check_executed() if size is None: size = self.arraysize rows = [] for i in range(size): row = self.read_next() if row is None: self.warning_count = self._result.warning_count break rows.append(row) self.rownumber += 1 if not rows: # Django expects () for EOF. # https://github.com/django/django/blob/0c1518ee429b01c145cf5b34eab01b0b92f8c246/django/db/backends/mysql/features.py#L8 return () return rows def scroll(self, value, mode="relative"): self._check_executed() if mode == "relative": if value < 0: raise err.NotSupportedError( "Backwards scrolling not supported by this cursor" ) for _ in range(value): self.read_next() self.rownumber += value elif mode == "absolute": if value < self.rownumber: raise err.NotSupportedError( "Backwards scrolling not supported by this cursor" ) end = value - self.rownumber for _ in range(end): self.read_next() self.rownumber = value else: raise err.ProgrammingError("unknown scroll mode %s" % mode) class SSDictCursor(DictCursorMixin, SSCursor): """An unbuffered cursor, which returns results as a dictionary"""	16.15 KB	2025-05-25 12:26
📄 err.py import struct from .constants import ER class MySQLError(Exception): """Exception related to operation with MySQL.""" class Warning(Warning, MySQLError): """Exception raised for important warnings like data truncations while inserting, etc.""" class Error(MySQLError): """Exception that is the base class of all other error exceptions (not Warning).""" class InterfaceError(Error): """Exception raised for errors that are related to the database interface rather than the database itself.""" class DatabaseError(Error): """Exception raised for errors that are related to the database.""" class DataError(DatabaseError): """Exception raised for errors that are due to problems with the processed data like division by zero, numeric value out of range, etc.""" class OperationalError(DatabaseError): """Exception raised for errors that are related to the database's operation and not necessarily under the control of the programmer, e.g. an unexpected disconnect occurs, the data source name is not found, a transaction could not be processed, a memory allocation error occurred during processing, etc.""" class IntegrityError(DatabaseError): """Exception raised when the relational integrity of the database is affected, e.g. a foreign key check fails, duplicate key, etc.""" class InternalError(DatabaseError): """Exception raised when the database encounters an internal error, e.g. the cursor is not valid anymore, the transaction is out of sync, etc.""" class ProgrammingError(DatabaseError): """Exception raised for programming errors, e.g. table not found or already exists, syntax error in the SQL statement, wrong number of parameters specified, etc.""" class NotSupportedError(DatabaseError): """Exception raised in case a method or database API was used which is not supported by the database, e.g. requesting a .rollback() on a connection that does not support transaction or has transactions turned off.""" error_map = {} def _map_error(exc, *errors): for error in errors: error_map[error] = exc _map_error( ProgrammingError, ER.DB_CREATE_EXISTS, ER.SYNTAX_ERROR, ER.PARSE_ERROR, ER.NO_SUCH_TABLE, ER.WRONG_DB_NAME, ER.WRONG_TABLE_NAME, ER.FIELD_SPECIFIED_TWICE, ER.INVALID_GROUP_FUNC_USE, ER.UNSUPPORTED_EXTENSION, ER.TABLE_MUST_HAVE_COLUMNS, ER.CANT_DO_THIS_DURING_AN_TRANSACTION, ER.WRONG_DB_NAME, ER.WRONG_COLUMN_NAME, ) _map_error( DataError, ER.WARN_DATA_TRUNCATED, ER.WARN_NULL_TO_NOTNULL, ER.WARN_DATA_OUT_OF_RANGE, ER.NO_DEFAULT, ER.PRIMARY_CANT_HAVE_NULL, ER.DATA_TOO_LONG, ER.DATETIME_FUNCTION_OVERFLOW, ER.TRUNCATED_WRONG_VALUE_FOR_FIELD, ER.ILLEGAL_VALUE_FOR_TYPE, ) _map_error( IntegrityError, ER.DUP_ENTRY, ER.NO_REFERENCED_ROW, ER.NO_REFERENCED_ROW_2, ER.ROW_IS_REFERENCED, ER.ROW_IS_REFERENCED_2, ER.CANNOT_ADD_FOREIGN, ER.BAD_NULL_ERROR, ) _map_error( NotSupportedError, ER.WARNING_NOT_COMPLETE_ROLLBACK, ER.NOT_SUPPORTED_YET, ER.FEATURE_DISABLED, ER.UNKNOWN_STORAGE_ENGINE, ) _map_error( OperationalError, ER.DBACCESS_DENIED_ERROR, ER.ACCESS_DENIED_ERROR, ER.CON_COUNT_ERROR, ER.TABLEACCESS_DENIED_ERROR, ER.COLUMNACCESS_DENIED_ERROR, ER.CONSTRAINT_FAILED, ER.LOCK_DEADLOCK, ) del _map_error, ER def raise_mysql_exception(data): errno = struct.unpack("<h", data[1:3])[0] # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/dev/mysql-server/latest/page_protocol_basic_err_packet.html # Error packet has optional sqlstate that is 5 bytes and starts with '#'. if data[3] == 0x23: # '#' # sqlstate = data[4:9].decode() # TODO: Append (sqlstate) in the error message. This will be come in next minor release. errval = data[9:].decode("utf-8", "replace") else: errval = data[3:].decode("utf-8", "replace") errorclass = error_map.get(errno) if errorclass is None: errorclass = InternalError if errno < 1000 else OperationalError raise errorclass(errno, errval)	4.08 KB	2025-05-25 12:26
📄 optionfile.py import configparser class Parser(configparser.RawConfigParser): def __init__(self, kwargs): kwargs["allow_no_value"] = True configparser.RawConfigParser.__init__(self, kwargs) def __remove_quotes(self, value): quotes = ["'", '"'] for quote in quotes: if len(value) >= 2 and value[0] == value[-1] == quote: return value[1:-1] return value def optionxform(self, key): return key.lower().replace("_", "-") def get(self, section, option): value = configparser.RawConfigParser.get(self, section, option) return self.__remove_quotes(value)	651 B	2025-05-25 12:26
📄 protocol.py # Python implementation of low level MySQL client-server protocol # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/client-server-protocol.html from .charset import MBLENGTH from .constants import FIELD_TYPE, SERVER_STATUS from . import err import struct import sys DEBUG = False NULL_COLUMN = 251 UNSIGNED_CHAR_COLUMN = 251 UNSIGNED_SHORT_COLUMN = 252 UNSIGNED_INT24_COLUMN = 253 UNSIGNED_INT64_COLUMN = 254 def dump_packet(data): # pragma: no cover def printable(data): if 32 <= data < 127: return chr(data) return "." try: print("packet length:", len(data)) for i in range(1, 7): f = sys._getframe(i) print("call[%d]: %s (line %d)" % (i, f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)) print("-" * 66) except ValueError: pass dump_data = [data[i : i + 16] for i in range(0, min(len(data), 256), 16)] for d in dump_data: print( " ".join(f"{x:02X}" for x in d) + " " * (16 - len(d)) + " " * 2 + "".join(printable(x) for x in d) ) print("-" * 66) print() class MysqlPacket: """Representation of a MySQL response packet. Provides an interface for reading/parsing the packet results. """ __slots__ = ("_position", "_data") def __init__(self, data, encoding): self._position = 0 self._data = data def get_all_data(self): return self._data def read(self, size): """Read the first 'size' bytes in packet and advance cursor past them.""" result = self._data[self._position : (self._position + size)] if len(result) != size: error = ( "Result length not requested length:\n" f"Expected={size}. Actual={len(result)}. Position: {self._position}. Data Length: {len(self._data)}" ) if DEBUG: print(error) self.dump() raise AssertionError(error) self._position += size return result def read_all(self): """Read all remaining data in the packet. (Subsequent read() will return errors.) """ result = self._data[self._position :] self._position = None # ensure no subsequent read() return result def advance(self, length): """Advance the cursor in data buffer 'length' bytes.""" new_position = self._position + length if new_position < 0 or new_position > len(self._data): raise Exception( f"Invalid advance amount ({length}) for cursor. Position={new_position}" ) self._position = new_position def rewind(self, position=0): """Set the position of the data buffer cursor to 'position'.""" if position < 0 or position > len(self._data): raise Exception("Invalid position to rewind cursor to: %s." % position) self._position = position def get_bytes(self, position, length=1): """Get 'length' bytes starting at 'position'. Position is start of payload (first four packet header bytes are not included) starting at index '0'. No error checking is done. If requesting outside end of buffer an empty string (or string shorter than 'length') may be returned! """ return self._data[position : (position + length)] def read_uint8(self): result = self._data[self._position] self._position += 1 return result def read_uint16(self): result = struct.unpack_from("<H", self._data, self._position)[0] self._position += 2 return result def read_uint24(self): low, high = struct.unpack_from("<HB", self._data, self._position) self._position += 3 return low + (high << 16) def read_uint32(self): result = struct.unpack_from("<I", self._data, self._position)[0] self._position += 4 return result def read_uint64(self): result = struct.unpack_from("<Q", self._data, self._position)[0] self._position += 8 return result def read_string(self): end_pos = self._data.find(b"\0", self._position) if end_pos < 0: return None result = self._data[self._position : end_pos] self._position = end_pos + 1 return result def read_length_encoded_integer(self): """Read a 'Length Coded Binary' number from the data buffer. Length coded numbers can be anywhere from 1 to 9 bytes depending on the value of the first byte. """ c = self.read_uint8() if c == NULL_COLUMN: return None if c < UNSIGNED_CHAR_COLUMN: return c elif c == UNSIGNED_SHORT_COLUMN: return self.read_uint16() elif c == UNSIGNED_INT24_COLUMN: return self.read_uint24() elif c == UNSIGNED_INT64_COLUMN: return self.read_uint64() def read_length_coded_string(self): """Read a 'Length Coded String' from the data buffer. A 'Length Coded String' consists first of a length coded (unsigned, positive) integer represented in 1-9 bytes followed by that many bytes of binary data. (For example "cat" would be "3cat".) """ length = self.read_length_encoded_integer() if length is None: return None return self.read(length) def read_struct(self, fmt): s = struct.Struct(fmt) result = s.unpack_from(self._data, self._position) self._position += s.size return result def is_ok_packet(self): # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/packet-OK_Packet.html return self._data[0] == 0 and len(self._data) >= 7 def is_eof_packet(self): # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/generic-response-packets.html#packet-EOF_Packet # Caution: \xFE may be LengthEncodedInteger. # If \xFE is LengthEncodedInteger header, 8bytes followed. return self._data[0] == 0xFE and len(self._data) < 9 def is_auth_switch_request(self): # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/connection-phase-packets.html#packet-Protocol::AuthSwitchRequest return self._data[0] == 0xFE def is_extra_auth_data(self): # https://dev.mysql.com/doc/internals/en/successful-authentication.html return self._data[0] == 1 def is_resultset_packet(self): field_count = self._data[0] return 1 <= field_count <= 250 def is_load_local_packet(self): return self._data[0] == 0xFB def is_error_packet(self): return self._data[0] == 0xFF def check_error(self): if self.is_error_packet(): self.raise_for_error() def raise_for_error(self): self.rewind() self.advance(1) # field_count == error (we already know that) errno = self.read_uint16() if DEBUG: print("errno =", errno) err.raise_mysql_exception(self._data) def dump(self): dump_packet(self._data) class FieldDescriptorPacket(MysqlPacket): """A MysqlPacket that represents a specific column's metadata in the result. Parsing is automatically done and the results are exported via public attributes on the class such as: db, table_name, name, length, type_code. """ def __init__(self, data, encoding): MysqlPacket.__init__(self, data, encoding) self._parse_field_descriptor(encoding) def _parse_field_descriptor(self, encoding): """Parse the 'Field Descriptor' (Metadata) packet. This is compatible with MySQL 4.1+ (not compatible with MySQL 4.0). """ self.catalog = self.read_length_coded_string() self.db = self.read_length_coded_string() self.table_name = self.read_length_coded_string().decode(encoding) self.org_table = self.read_length_coded_string().decode(encoding) self.name = self.read_length_coded_string().decode(encoding) self.org_name = self.read_length_coded_string().decode(encoding) ( self.charsetnr, self.length, self.type_code, self.flags, self.scale, ) = self.read_struct("<xHIBHBxx") # 'default' is a length coded binary and is still in the buffer? # not used for normal result sets... def description(self): """Provides a 7-item tuple compatible with the Python PEP249 DB Spec.""" return ( self.name, self.type_code, None, # TODO: display_length; should this be self.length? self.get_column_length(), # 'internal_size' self.get_column_length(), # 'precision' # TODO: why!?!? self.scale, self.flags % 2 == 0, ) def get_column_length(self): if self.type_code == FIELD_TYPE.VAR_STRING: mblen = MBLENGTH.get(self.charsetnr, 1) return self.length // mblen return self.length def __str__(self): return "{} {!r}.{!r}.{!r}, type={}, flags={:x}".format( self.__class__, self.db, self.table_name, self.name, self.type_code, self.flags, ) class OKPacketWrapper: """ OK Packet Wrapper. It uses an existing packet object, and wraps around it, exposing useful variables while still providing access to the original packet objects variables and methods. """ def __init__(self, from_packet): if not from_packet.is_ok_packet(): raise ValueError( "Cannot create " + str(self.__class__.__name__) + " object from invalid packet type" ) self.packet = from_packet self.packet.advance(1) self.affected_rows = self.packet.read_length_encoded_integer() self.insert_id = self.packet.read_length_encoded_integer() self.server_status, self.warning_count = self.read_struct("<HH") self.message = self.packet.read_all() self.has_next = self.server_status & SERVER_STATUS.SERVER_MORE_RESULTS_EXISTS def __getattr__(self, key): return getattr(self.packet, key) class EOFPacketWrapper: """ EOF Packet Wrapper. It uses an existing packet object, and wraps around it, exposing useful variables while still providing access to the original packet objects variables and methods. """ def __init__(self, from_packet): if not from_packet.is_eof_packet(): raise ValueError( f"Cannot create '{self.__class__}' object from invalid packet type" ) self.packet = from_packet self.warning_count, self.server_status = self.packet.read_struct("<xhh") if DEBUG: print("server_status=", self.server_status) self.has_next = self.server_status & SERVER_STATUS.SERVER_MORE_RESULTS_EXISTS def __getattr__(self, key): return getattr(self.packet, key) class LoadLocalPacketWrapper: """ Load Local Packet Wrapper. It uses an existing packet object, and wraps around it, exposing useful variables while still providing access to the original packet objects variables and methods. """ def __init__(self, from_packet): if not from_packet.is_load_local_packet(): raise ValueError( f"Cannot create '{self.__class__}' object from invalid packet type" ) self.packet = from_packet self.filename = self.packet.get_all_data()[1:] if DEBUG: print("filename=", self.filename) def __getattr__(self, key): return getattr(self.packet, key)	11.54 KB	2025-05-25 12:26
📄 times.py from time import localtime from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta Date = date Time = time TimeDelta = timedelta Timestamp = datetime def DateFromTicks(ticks): return date(localtime(ticks)[:3]) def TimeFromTicks(ticks): return time(localtime(ticks)[3:6]) def TimestampFromTicks(ticks): return datetime(*localtime(ticks)[:6])	360 B	2025-05-25 12:26

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